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<meta name="keywords" content="C2937365, aphthous stomatitis, aphthous ulcer, buccal aphthous ulcers, canker sore, disease or syndrome, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, recurrent aphthous ulcer, recurrent aphthous ulceration, recurrent aphthous ulcers, recurrent canker sores, recurrent oral aphthae, recurrent ulcerative stomatitis, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Recurrent episodes of ulceration of the oral mucosa, typically presenting as painful, sharply circumscribed fibrin-covered mucosal defects with a hyperemic border." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (Concept Id: C2937365)
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<!--
UID=445425
ConceptID=C2937365
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>445425</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C2937365</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Canker sore</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Recurrent aphthous ulcer (398870000); Recurrent aphthous ulceration (398870000); Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (722781002); Recurrent oral aphthae (722781002); Recurrent ulcerative stomatitis (722781002)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011107">HP:0011107</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005318" target="_blank">MONDO:0005318</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Recurrent episodes of ulceration of the oral mucosa, typically presenting as painful, sharply circumscribed fibrin-covered mucosal defects with a hyperemic border. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2937365[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=445425">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=445425" ref="ncbi_uid=445425">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871375" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the face">Abnormality of the face</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6447" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the mouth">Abnormality of the mouth</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1645271" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal oral morphology">Abnormal oral morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871391" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal oral cavity morphology">Abnormal oral cavity morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868765" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal oral mucosa morphology">Abnormal oral mucosa morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/585576" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Erosion of oral mucosa">Erosion of oral mucosa</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_3532"><div><strong>Ulcerative colitis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3532</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009324</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores, in the colon. The main symptom of active disease is usually constant diarrhea mixed with blood, of gradual onset and intermittent periods of exacerbated symptoms contrasting with periods that are relatively symptom-free. In contrast to Crohn's disease this special form of colitis begins in the distal parts of the rectum, spreads continually upwards and affects only mucose and submucose tissue of the colon.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3532">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120634"><div><strong>Familial amyloid nephropathy with urticaria AND deafness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120634</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268390</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS) is characterized by episodic skin rash, arthralgias, and fever associated with late-onset sensorineural deafness and renal amyloidosis (Dode et al., 2002).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120634">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78795"><div><strong>Lazy leukocyte syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78795</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0272174</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Periodic fever, immunodeficiency, and thrombocytopenia syndrome (PFITS) is an autosomal recessive immunologic disorder with variable manifestations. Common features include early-onset recurrent respiratory infections, stomatitis, and cutaneous infections. Organisms usually include bacteria such as pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, and H. influenzae, but severe viral infections, including varicella, may also occur. Laboratory investigations may show neutropenia, neutrophilia, leukocytosis, or lymphopenia, although levels of immune cells may also be normal. Detailed studies often show impaired neutrophil chemotaxis associated with increased or abnormal F-actin levels, and impaired, normal, or even increased oxidative burst, depending on the stimulus. B- and T-cell abnormalities have also been observed. Some patients develop autoimmune manifestations, including chronic thrombocytopenia, anemia, and periodic fevers, associated with activation of the inflammasome. Early death may occur; however, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be curative (summary by Kuhns et al., 2016, Standing et al., 2017, and Pfajfer et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78795">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_376692"><div><strong>Pelger-Huet-like anomaly and episodic fever with abdominal pain</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>376692</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1850054</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-108 with autoinflammation (IMD108) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized mainly by features of autoinflammation, often manifest as onset of recurrent episodes of abdominal pain associated with fever and elevated inflammatory markers around adolescence. Affected individuals also have recurrent infections, particularly of the skin and nails; poor wound healing; and mild bleeding tendencies. Peripheral blood examination shows hypolobulated neutrophils, suggesting a defect in myeloid differentiation and function. However, neutrophil primary and secondary granules are normal (summary by Goos et al., 2019).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/376692">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_383874"><div><strong>Granulocytopenia with immunoglobulin abnormality</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>383874</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1856263</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-59 and hypoglycemia (IMD59) is an autosomal recessive primary immunologic disorder characterized by combined immunodeficiency and recurrent septic infections of the respiratory tract, skin, and mucous membranes, as well as disturbed glucose metabolism. Granulocytopenia and B-cell and dendritic cell deficiency are present (Haapaniemi et al., 2017).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/383874">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_395227"><div><strong>Celiac disease, susceptibility to, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>395227</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune disease that can be associated with gastrointestinal findings (diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain and distension, bloating, vomiting, and weight loss) and/or highly variable non-gastrointestinal findings (dermatitis herpetiformis, chronic fatigue, joint pain/inflammation, iron deficiency anemia, migraines, depression, attention-deficit disorder, epilepsy, osteoporosis/osteopenia, infertility and/or recurrent fetal loss, vitamin deficiencies, short stature, failure to thrive, delayed puberty, dental enamel defects, and autoimmune disorders). Classic celiac disease, characterized by mild to severe gastrointestinal symptoms, is less common than non-classic celiac disease, characterized by absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/395227">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_435869"><div><strong>Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>435869</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2673198</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome-2 (FCAS2) is an autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disorder characterized by episodic and recurrent rash, urticaria, arthralgia, myalgia, and headache. In most patients, these episodes are accompanied by fever and serologic evidence of inflammation. Most, but not all, patients report exposure to cold as a trigger for the episodes. Additional features may include abdominal pain, thoracic pain, and sensorineural deafness. The age at onset is variable, ranging from the first year of life to middle age, and the severity and clinical manifestations are heterogeneous (summary by Shen et al., 2017).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, see FCAS1 (120100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/435869">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_440578"><div><strong>Combined immunodeficiency due to ORAI1 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>440578</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2748568</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-9 (IMD9) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early onset of recurrent infections due to defective T-cell activation. Affected individuals also have congenital myopathy resulting in muscle weakness as well as features of ectodermal dysplasia, including soft dental enamel (summary by McCarl et al., 2009).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/440578">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_416526"><div><strong>RIN2 syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>416526</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2751321</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">MACS syndrome is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder named for the variable features of macrocephaly, alopecia, cutis laxa, and scoliosis (summary by Kameli et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/416526">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462759"><div><strong>Granulomatous disease, chronic, autosomal recessive, cytochrome b-positive, type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462759</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151409</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder of phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils) resulting from impaired killing of bacteria and fungi. CGD is characterized by severe recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses resulting in granuloma formation and other inflammatory disorders such as colitis. Infections typically involve the lung (pneumonia), lymph nodes (lymphadenitis), liver (abscess), bone (osteomyelitis), and skin (abscesses or cellulitis). Granulomas typically involve the genitourinary system (bladder) and gastrointestinal tract (often the pylorus initially, and later the esophagus, jejunum, ileum, cecum, rectum, and perirectal area). Some males with X-linked CGD have McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome as the result of a contiguous gene deletion. While CGD may present anytime from infancy to late adulthood, the vast majority of affected individuals are diagnosed before age five years. Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy has greatly improved overall survival.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462759">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766783"><div><strong>Herpes simplex encephalitis, susceptibility to, 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766783</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3553869</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A Mendelian susceptibility or predisposition to herpes simplex infection induced encephalitis in which the cause of the diseas is a mutation in the TICAM1 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766783">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766857"><div><strong>Combined immunodeficiency due to STK4 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766857</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3553943</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-110 (IMD110) is an autosomal recessive primary T-cell immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by progressive loss of naive T cells, recurrent bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, warts, and abscesses, and autoimmune manifestations. Patients are at risk for developing lymphoproliferative disorders or lymphoma, particularly associated with EBV. Some patients may show cardiac malformations, including atrial septal defect (Abdollahpour et al., 2012; Nehme et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766857">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815913"><div><strong>Combined immunodeficiency due to MALT1 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815913</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3809583</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined immunodeficiency due to MALT1 deficiency is a rare, genetic form of primary immunodeficiency characterized by growth retardation, early recurrent pulmonary infections leading to bronchiectasis, inflammatory gastrointestinal disease, and other symptoms, such as rash, dermatitis, skin infections.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815913">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863270"><div><strong>Severe combined immunodeficiency due to DNA-PKcs deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863270</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014833</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to DNA-PKcs deficiency is an extremely rare type of SCID (see this term) characterized by the classical signs of SCID (severe and recurrent infections, diarrhea, failure to thrive), absence of T and B lymphocytes, and cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863270">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_864147"><div><strong>Tenorio syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>864147</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4015710</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Tenorio syndrome (TNORS) is characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, and impaired intellectual development. Some patients may have mild hydrocephaly, hypoglycemia, and inflammatory diseases resembling Sjogren syndrome (270150) (summary by Tenorio et al., 2014).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/864147">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_906897"><div><strong>Candidiasis, familial, 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>906897</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225324</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the IL17RC gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/906897">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648422"><div><strong>Severe combined immunodeficiency due to CARMIL2 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648422</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748304</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-58 is an autosomal recessive primary immunologic disorder characterized by early-onset skin lesions, including eczematous dermatitis, infectious abscesses, and warts, recurrent respiratory infections or allergies, and chronic persistent infections with candida, Molluscum contagiosum, mycobacteria, EBV, bacteria, and viruses. Some patients may have gastrointestinal involvement, including inflammatory bowel disease, EBV+ smooth muscle tumors, and esophagitis. Immunologic analysis shows defective T-cell function with decreased Treg cells and deficient CD3/CD28 costimulation responses in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. B-cell function may also be impaired (summary by Wang et al., 2016 and Alazami et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648422">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1799070"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases due to complete RORgamma receptor deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1799070</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5567647</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-42 is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by increased susceptibility to mycobacterial and candidal infections beginning in infancy. Patients vaccinated with BCG are particularly at risk for developing disseminated mycobacterial infections (summary by Okada et al., 2015).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1799070">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1805285"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 98 with autoinflammation, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1805285</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676883</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked immunodeficiency-98 with autoinflammation (IMD98) is characterized by onset of recurrent infections associated with lymphoproliferation and autoinflammation in the first decade of life. Mostly males are affected; carrier females may have mild symptoms. Laboratory studies show evidence of immune dysregulation, including hypogammaglobulinemia with reduced memory B cells, skewed T-cell subsets, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, activated T cells and monocytes, and autoimmune cytopenias, including neutropenia (Aluri et al., 2021; Fejtkova et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1805285">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1846394"><div><strong>Neutropenia, severe congenital, 11, autosomal dominant</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1846394</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882742</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant severe congenital neutropenia-11 (SCN11) is characterized by the onset of recurrent infections, mainly bacterial, in early childhood. Laboratory studies show severe neutropenia due to maturation arrest and impaired development of myeloid cells. Other leukocyte subsets, including B cells and NK cells, may also be subtly affected. Patients should be followed for possible renal dysfunction (Van Nieuwenhove et al., 2020).&#13; For discussion of genetic heterogeneity of severe congenital neutropenia, see SCN1 (202700).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1846394">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1799070" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases due to complete RORgamma receptor deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_906897" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Candidiasis, familial, 9</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_395227" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Celiac disease, susceptibility to, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815913" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined immunodeficiency due to MALT1 deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_440578" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined immunodeficiency due to ORAI1 deficiency</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (20)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766857" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined immunodeficiency due to STK4 deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120634" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial amyloid nephropathy with urticaria AND deafness</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_435869" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_383874" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Granulocytopenia with immunoglobulin abnormality</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462759" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Granulomatous disease, chronic, autosomal recessive, cytochrome b-positive, type 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766783" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Herpes simplex encephalitis, susceptibility to, 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1805285" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 98 with autoinflammation, X-linked</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78795" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lazy leukocyte syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1846394" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neutropenia, severe congenital, 11, autosomal dominant</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_376692" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pelger-Huet-like anomaly and episodic fever with abdominal pain</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_416526" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">RIN2 syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648422" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Severe combined immunodeficiency due to CARMIL2 deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863270" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Severe combined immunodeficiency due to DNA-PKcs deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_864147" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tenorio syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_3532" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ulcerative colitis</a></div></span></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35274547">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS): guideline for differential diagnosis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Milia E,
Sotgiu MA,
Spano G,
Filigheddu E,
Gallusi G,
Campanella V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Paediatr Dent</span>
2022 Mar;23(1):73-78.
doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.01.14.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35274547" target="_blank">35274547</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35355774">Oral Aphthous: Pathophysiology, Clinical Aspects and Medical Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gasmi Benahmed A,
Noor S,
Menzel A,
Gasmi A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Razi Inst</span>
2021 Nov;76(5):1155-1163.
Epub 2021 Nov 30
doi: 10.22092/ari.2021.356055.1767.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35355774" target="_blank">35355774</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8934078" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30446298">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis - Etiology, serum autoantibodies, anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chiang CP,
Yu-Fong Chang J,
Wang YP,
Wu YH,
Wu YC,
Sun A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Formos Med Assoc</span>
2019 Sep;118(9):1279-1289.
Epub 2018 Nov 14
doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.10.023.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30446298" target="_blank">30446298</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22recurrent%20aphthous%20stomatitis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (85)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38530258">Common Oral Conditions: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stoopler ET,
Villa A,
Bindakhil M,
Díaz DLO,
Sollecito TP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2024 Mar 26;331(12):1045-1054.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.0953.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38530258" target="_blank">38530258</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35744034">Efficacy of Topical Intervention for Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Network Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Liu H,
Tan L,
Fu G,
Chen L,
Tan H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medicina (Kaunas)</span>
2022 Jun 7;58(6)
doi: 10.3390/medicina58060771.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35744034" target="_blank">35744034</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9227309" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35426641">Common Oral Lesions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Randall DA,
Wilson Westmark NL,
Neville BW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2022 Apr 1;105(4):369-376.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35426641" target="_blank">35426641</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24655523">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Akintoye SO,
Greenberg MS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dent Clin North Am</span>
2014 Apr;58(2):281-97.
Epub 2014 Jan 21
doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2013.12.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24655523" target="_blank">24655523</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3964366" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15567359">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Akintoye SO,
Greenberg MS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dent Clin North Am</span>
2005 Jan;49(1):31-47, vii-viii.
doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2004.08.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15567359" target="_blank">15567359</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Recurrent%20aphthous%20stomatitis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (384)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37357066">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Conejero Del Mazo R,
García Forcén L,
Navarro Aguilar ME</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin (Barc)</span>
2023 Sep 29;161(6):251-259.
Epub 2023 Jun 23
doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.05.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37357066" target="_blank">37357066</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35395126">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A comprehensive review and recommendations on therapeutic options.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lau CB,
Smith GP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatol Ther</span>
2022 Jun;35(6):e15500.
Epub 2022 Apr 18
doi: 10.1111/dth.15500.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35395126" target="_blank">35395126</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35355774">Oral Aphthous: Pathophysiology, Clinical Aspects and Medical Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gasmi Benahmed A,
Noor S,
Menzel A,
Gasmi A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Razi Inst</span>
2021 Nov;76(5):1155-1163.
Epub 2021 Nov 30
doi: 10.22092/ari.2021.356055.1767.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35355774" target="_blank">35355774</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8934078" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32451064">Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sánchez-Bernal J,
Conejero C,
Conejero R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed)</span>
2020 Jul-Aug;111(6):471-480.
Epub 2020 May 22
doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2019.09.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32451064" target="_blank">32451064</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24655523">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Akintoye SO,
Greenberg MS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dent Clin North Am</span>
2014 Apr;58(2):281-97.
Epub 2014 Jan 21
doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2013.12.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24655523" target="_blank">24655523</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3964366" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Recurrent%20aphthous%20stomatitis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (257)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38530258">Common Oral Conditions: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stoopler ET,
Villa A,
Bindakhil M,
Díaz DLO,
Sollecito TP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2024 Mar 26;331(12):1045-1054.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.0953.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38530258" target="_blank">38530258</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35744034">Efficacy of Topical Intervention for Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Network Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Liu H,
Tan L,
Fu G,
Chen L,
Tan H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medicina (Kaunas)</span>
2022 Jun 7;58(6)
doi: 10.3390/medicina58060771.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35744034" target="_blank">35744034</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9227309" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35395126">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A comprehensive review and recommendations on therapeutic options.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lau CB,
Smith GP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatol Ther</span>
2022 Jun;35(6):e15500.
Epub 2022 Apr 18
doi: 10.1111/dth.15500.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35395126" target="_blank">35395126</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15567359">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Akintoye SO,
Greenberg MS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dent Clin North Am</span>
2005 Jan;49(1):31-47, vii-viii.
doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2004.08.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15567359" target="_blank">15567359</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12723980">Behçet's disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hirohata S,
Kikuchi H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arthritis Res Ther</span>
2003;5(3):139-46.
Epub 2003 Apr 2
doi: 10.1186/ar757.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12723980" target="_blank">12723980</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC165051" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Recurrent%20aphthous%20stomatitis%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (316)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37052000">Adipokines: Diagnostic and prognostic markers for oral diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chaudhry SZ,
Ghafoor S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pak Med Assoc</span>
2023 Apr;73(4):858-862.
doi: 10.47391/JPMA.4737.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37052000" target="_blank">37052000</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33879738">Risk of cancer in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in Korea: A nationwide population-based study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kwon KJ,
Jeong SJ,
Eun YG,
Oh IH,
Lee YC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medicine (Baltimore)</span>
2021 Apr 23;100(16):e25628.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025628.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33879738" target="_blank">33879738</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8078402" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26827061">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and Helicobacter pylori.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gomes CC,
Gomez RS,
Zina LG,
Amaral FR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal</span>
2016 Mar 1;21(2):e187-91.
doi: 10.4317/medoral.20872.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26827061" target="_blank">26827061</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4788798" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22966062">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stoopler ET,
Musbah T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CMAJ</span>
2013 Mar 19;185(5):E240.
Epub 2012 Sep 10
doi: 10.1503/cmaj.120706.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22966062" target="_blank">22966062</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3602274" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19330244">Systemic treatment in severe cases of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: an open trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mimura MA,
Hirota SK,
Sugaya NN,
Sanches JA Jr,
Migliari DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clinics (Sao Paulo)</span>
2009;64(3):193-8.
doi: 10.1590/s1807-59322009000300008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19330244" target="_blank">19330244</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2666466" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Recurrent%20aphthous%20stomatitis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (93)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38530258">Common Oral Conditions: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stoopler ET,
Villa A,
Bindakhil M,
Díaz DLO,
Sollecito TP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2024 Mar 26;331(12):1045-1054.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.0953.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38530258" target="_blank">38530258</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35426641">Common Oral Lesions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Randall DA,
Wilson Westmark NL,
Neville BW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2022 Apr 1;105(4):369-376.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35426641" target="_blank">35426641</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34242451">Sleep quality and risk of recurrent aphthous ulcers: A Spanish cohort study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tohidinik HR,
Rodríguez A,
Regueira-Méndez C,
Takkouche B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Oral Dis</span>
2022 Oct;28(7):1882-1890.
Epub 2021 Jul 14
doi: 10.1111/odi.13955.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34242451" target="_blank">34242451</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28345122">Effect of laser on pain relief and wound healing of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Suter VGA,
Sjölund S,
Bornstein MM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lasers Med Sci</span>
2017 May;32(4):953-963.
Epub 2017 Mar 27
doi: 10.1007/s10103-017-2184-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28345122" target="_blank">28345122</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11203919">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ship JA,
Chavez EM,
Doerr PA,
Henson BS,
Sarmadi M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Quintessence Int</span>
2000 Feb;31(2):95-112.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11203919" target="_blank">11203919</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Recurrent%20aphthous%20stomatitis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (206)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38493289">Hematological parameters in patients with recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mousavi T,
Jalali H,
Moosazadeh M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Oral Health</span>
2024 Mar 16;24(1):339.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-04072-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38493289" target="_blank">38493289</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10943797" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37436177">Systemic and topical treatment methods of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Skučas K,
Balčiūnaitė A,
Basevičienė N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Stomatologija</span>
2023;25(1):11-20.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37436177" target="_blank">37436177</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32893718">Efficacy of curcumin for recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Al-Maweri SA,
Alaizari N,
Alharbi AA,
Alotaibi SA,
AlQuhal A,
Almutairi BF,
Alhuthaly S,
Almutairi AM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Dermatolog Treat</span>
2022 May;33(3):1225-1230.
Epub 2020 Sep 9
doi: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1819529.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32893718" target="_blank">32893718</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28345122">Effect of laser on pain relief and wound healing of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Suter VGA,
Sjölund S,
Bornstein MM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lasers Med Sci</span>
2017 May;32(4):953-963.
Epub 2017 Mar 27
doi: 10.1007/s10103-017-2184-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28345122" target="_blank">28345122</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26827061">Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and Helicobacter pylori.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gomes CC,
Gomez RS,
Zina LG,
Amaral FR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal</span>
2016 Mar 1;21(2):e187-91.
doi: 10.4317/medoral.20872.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26827061" target="_blank">26827061</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4788798" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Recurrent%20aphthous%20stomatitis%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (39)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2937365%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (6)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2937365%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (6)</a></li>
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