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<meta name="keywords" content="C2674173, achondroplasia, severe, with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans, congenital abnormality, dysplasia, saddan, dysplasias, saddan, fgfr3, saddan, saddan dysplasia, saddan dysplasias, saddans, severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans, severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome, skeleton skin brain syndrome, skeleton-skin-brain syndrome, skeleton-skin-brain syndromes, ssb syndrome, syndrome, skeleton-skin-brain, syndromes, skeleton-skin-brain, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="SADDAN dysplasia (severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans) is a very rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by the constellation of these features. Radiology reveals 'ram's horn' shaped clavicles and reverse bowing of lower limbs. Approximately half of patients die before the fourth week of life secondary to respiratory failure (summary by Zankl et al., 2008)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome (Concept Id: C2674173)
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<!--
UID=393098
ConceptID=C2674173
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>393098</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C2674173</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>SADDAN dysplasia; Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans; Skeleton skin brain syndrome; SSB syndrome</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141047"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0443147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.</div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_988794"><div><strong>Not genetically inherited</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>988794</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms&#10;that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">CN307044</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">clinical entity without genetic inheritance.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/988794">This record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_988794" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Not genetically inherited</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="FGFR3 - ID: 2261 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/2261" class="medgenPMinfo">FGFR3</a> (4p16.3)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0014658" target="_blank">MONDO:0014658</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/616482" target="_blank">616482</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=85165">ORPHA85165</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">SADDAN dysplasia (severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans) is a very rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by the constellation of these features. Radiology reveals 'ram's horn' shaped clavicles and reverse bowing of lower limbs. Approximately half of patients die before the fourth week of life secondary to respiratory failure (summary by Zankl et al., 2008). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_description">Additional description</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />SADDAN (severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans) is a rare disorder of bone growth characterized by skeletal, brain, and skin abnormalities.<br /><br />All people with this condition have extremely short stature with particularly short arms and legs. Other features include unusual bowing of the leg bones; a small chest with short ribs and curved collar bones; short, broad fingers; and folds of extra skin on the arms and legs. Structural abnormalities of the brain cause seizures, profound developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Several affected individuals also have had episodes in which their breathing slows or stops for short periods (apnea). Acanthosis nigricans, a progressive skin disorder characterized by thick, dark, velvety skin, is another characteristic feature of SADDAN that develops in infancy or early childhood.  <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/saddan">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/saddan</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_41977"><div><strong>Bowel incontinence</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41977</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0015732</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Involuntary fecal soiling in adults and children who have usually already been toilet trained.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41977">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bowel%20incontinence%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2041977%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_22579"><div><strong>Urinary incontinence</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>22579</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0042024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/22579">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Urinary%20incontinence%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2022579%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21801"><div><strong>Uterine leiomyoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21801</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0042133</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Uterine leiomyoma (UL), commonly known as fibroids, are benign tumors of the uterine myometrium. They represent the most prevalent pelvic tumors in women and are found in more than 75% of women of reproductive age. Approximately 20 to 25% of women with UL exhibit symptoms including menorrhagia, infertility, pelvic pain, and a range of complications during pregnancy. UL are the leading cause for hysterectomy in the United States, accounting for 30% of all hysterectomies (summary by Eggert et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21801">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Uterine%20leiomyoma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021801%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_56379"><div><strong>Irregular menstruation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>56379</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0156404</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally high variation in the amount of time between periods.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/56379">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Irregular%20menstruation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2056379%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107808"><div><strong>Mesomelia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107808</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0549306</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Shortening of the middle parts of the limbs (forearm and lower leg) in relation to the upper and terminal segments.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107808">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mesomelia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107808%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_332360"><div><strong>Tibial bowing</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>332360</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837081</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A bending or abnormal curvature of the tibia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/332360">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tibial%20bowing%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20332360%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_357122"><div><strong>Rhizomelia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>357122</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866730</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Disproportionate shortening of the proximal segment of limbs (i.e. the femur and humerus).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/357122">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Rhizomelia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20357122%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9169"><div><strong>Congestive heart failure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9169</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018802</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9169">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Congestive%20heart%20failure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209169%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_425404"><div><strong>Pulmonary arterial hypertension</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>425404</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2973725</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pulmonary hypertension is defined mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25mmHg or more and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15mmHg or less when measured by right heart catheterisation at rest and in a supine position.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/425404">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pulmonary%20arterial%20hypertension%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20425404%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3931"><div><strong>Severe short stature</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3931</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A severe degree of short stature, more than -4 SD from the mean corrected for age and sex.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3931">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Severe%20short%20stature%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203931%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_168053"><div><strong>Disproportionate short stature</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>168053</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0878659</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A kind of short stature in which different regions of the body are shortened to differing extents.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/168053">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Disproportionate%20short%20stature%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20168053%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1368658"><div><strong>Gastroesophageal reflux</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1368658</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4317146</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1368658">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Gastroesophageal%20reflux%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201368658%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_235586"><div><strong>Hearing impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>235586</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1384666</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/235586">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hearing%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20235586%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9335"><div><strong>Hydrocephalus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9335</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020255</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9335">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hydrocephalus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209335%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_48638"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, severe</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>48638</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036857</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Severe mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 20-34.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/48638">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20severe%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2048638%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65141"><div><strong>Megalencephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65141</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221355</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Diffuse enlargement of the entire cerebral hemispheres leading to macrocephaly (with or without overlying cortical dysplasia).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65141">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Megalencephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065141%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_543022"><div><strong>Focal impaired awareness seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>543022</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0270834</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Focal impaired awareness seizure (or focal seizure with impaired or lost awareness) is a type of focal-onset seizure characterized by some degree (which may be partial) of impairment of the person's awareness of themselves or their surroundings at any point during the seizure.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/543022">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Focal%20impaired%20awareness%20seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20543022%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_138005"><div><strong>Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>138005</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0344482</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/138005">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplasia%20of%20the%20corpus%20callosum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20138005%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892508"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, profound</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892508</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3161330</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Profound mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 20.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892508">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20profound%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892508%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_811461"><div><strong>Intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20811461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44042"><div><strong>Kyphosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44042</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0022821</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44042">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Kyphosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044042%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_67453"><div><strong>Frontal bossing</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>67453</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221354</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/67453">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Frontal%20bossing%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2067453%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96528"><div><strong>Narrow chest</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96528</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0426790</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced width of the chest from side to side, associated with a reduced distance from the sternal notch to the tip of the shoulder.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96528">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Narrow%20chest%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096528%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_263149"><div><strong>Lumbar hyperlordosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>263149</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1184923</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal accentuation of the inward curvature of the spine in the lumbar region.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/263149">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lumbar%20hyperlordosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20263149%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_257035"><div><strong>Exostoses</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>257035</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1442903</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An exostosis is a benign growth the projects outward from the bone surface. It is capped by cartilage, and arises from a bone that develops from cartilage.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/257035">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Exostoses%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20257035%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_335010"><div><strong>Platyspondyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335010</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1844704</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance between the vertebral endplates.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335010">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Platyspondyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20335010%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_347888"><div><strong>Femoral bowing</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347888</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859461</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bowing (abnormal curvature) of the femur.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347888">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Femoral%20bowing%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20347888%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_348813"><div><strong>Small foramen magnum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>348813</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1861217</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal narrowing of the foramen magnum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/348813">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Small%20foramen%20magnum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20348813%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_400926"><div><strong>Wide anterior fontanel</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>400926</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866134</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Enlargement of the anterior fontanelle with respect to age-dependent norms.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/400926">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Wide%20anterior%20fontanel%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20400926%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_745757"><div><strong>Macrocephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>745757</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2243051</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/745757">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Macrocephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20745757%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96907"><div><strong>Respiratory distress</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96907</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0476273</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Respiratory distress is objectively observable as the physical or emotional consequences from the experience of dyspnea. The physical presentation of respiratory distress is generally referred to as labored breathing, while the sensation of respiratory distress is called shortness of breath or dyspnea.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96907">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Respiratory%20distress%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096907%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_257837"><div><strong>Respiratory failure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>257837</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1145670</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A severe form of respiratory insufficiency characterized by inadequate gas exchange such that the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be maintained within normal limits.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/257837">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Respiratory%20failure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20257837%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_854403"><div><strong>Central apnea</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854403</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3887548</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Apnea resulting from depression of the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata. There is a lack of respiratory effort rather than obstruction of airflow.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854403">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Central%20apnea%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20854403%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2335"><div><strong>Brain abscess</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2335</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0006105</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A collection of pus, immune cells, and other material in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2335">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Brain%20abscess%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202335%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_155436"><div><strong>Recurrent otitis media</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>155436</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0747085</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased susceptibility to otitis media, as manifested by recurrent episodes of otitis media.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/155436">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Recurrent%20otitis%20media%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20155436%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_373112"><div><strong>Depressed nasal bridge</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373112</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836542</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373112">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Depressed%20nasal%20bridge%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20373112%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_339938"><div><strong>Midface retrusion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>339938</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853242</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/339938">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Midface%20retrusion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20339938%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_54"><div><strong>Acanthosis nigricans</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>54</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0000889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A dermatosis characterized by thickened, hyperpigmented plaques, typically on the intertriginous surfaces and neck.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/54">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Acanthosis%20nigricans%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2054%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11452"><div><strong>Skin tags</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11452</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0037293</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cutaneous skin tags also known as acrochorda or fibroepithelial polyps are small benign tumors that may either form secondarily over time primarily in areas where the skin forms creases, such as the neck, armpit or groin or may also be present at birth, in which case they usually occur in the periauricular region.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11452">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Skin%20tags%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011452%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_154379"><div><strong>Redundant skin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>154379</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0581342</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loose and sagging skin often associated with loss of skin elasticity.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/154379">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Redundant%20skin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20154379%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_341602"><div><strong>Palmoplantar cutis laxa</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341602</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1856714</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loose, wrinkled skin of hands and feet.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341602">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Palmoplantar%20cutis%20laxa%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20341602%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_654"><div><strong>Breech presentation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>654</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0006157</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A position of the fetus at delivery in which the fetus enters the birth canal with the buttocks or feet first.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/654">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Breech%20presentation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20654%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_4613"><div><strong>Exotropia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4613</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0015310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A form of strabismus with one or both eyes deviated outward.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4613">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Exotropia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%204613%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78759"><div><strong>High myopia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78759</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0271183</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A severe form of myopia with greater than -6.00 diopters.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78759">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22High%20myopia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078759%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_373112" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Depressed nasal bridge</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_339938" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Midface retrusion</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107808" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mesomelia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_357122" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rhizomelia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_332360" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tibial bowing</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_654" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Breech presentation</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9169" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congestive heart failure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_425404" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonary arterial hypertension</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1368658" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gastroesophageal reflux</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_4613" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Exotropia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78759" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">High myopia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_56379" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Irregular menstruation</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the immune system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2335" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brain abscess</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_155436" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Recurrent otitis media</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_54" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Acanthosis nigricans</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_341602" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Palmoplantar cutis laxa</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_154379" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Redundant skin</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11452" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Skin tags</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_257035" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Exostoses</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_347888" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Femoral bowing</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_67453" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Frontal bossing</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44042" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Kyphosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_263149" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lumbar hyperlordosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_745757" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Macrocephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96528" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Narrow chest</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_335010" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Platyspondyly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_348813" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Small foramen magnum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_400926" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wide anterior fontanel</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_543022" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal impaired awareness seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9335" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hydrocephalus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_138005" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_811461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892508" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, profound</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_48638" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, severe</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65141" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Megalencephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the respiratory system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_854403" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Central apnea</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96907" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Respiratory distress</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_257837" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Respiratory failure</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Constitutional symptom</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_41977" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bowel incontinence</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_22579" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Urinary incontinence</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_235586" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hearing impairment</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_168053" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Disproportionate short stature</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3931" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Severe short stature</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Neoplasm</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21801" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Uterine leiomyoma</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2674173[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=393098">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=393098" ref="ncbi_uid=393098">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842866" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia">FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=11632&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38871502">Primary disease of adipose tissue: When to think about and how to evaluate it in clinical practice?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vatier C,
Vigouroux C,
Mosbah H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Endocrinol (Paris)</span>
2024 Jun;85(3):190-194.
Epub 2024 Jun 13
doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.019.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38871502" target="_blank">38871502</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32843252">Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome in a brother-sister pair in Kuwait: Diagnosis and 5 year follow up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Al-Kandari H,
Al-Abdulrazzaq D,
Al-Jaser F,
Al-Mulla F,
Davidsson L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prim Care Diabetes</span>
2021 Feb;15(1):175-177.
Epub 2020 Aug 23
doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.07.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32843252" target="_blank">32843252</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15258677">Clinical profiles, occurrence, and management of adolescent patients with HAIR-AN syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Omar HA,
Logsdon S,
Richards J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">ScientificWorldJournal</span>
2004 Jul 8;4:507-11.
doi: 10.1100/tsw.2004.106.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15258677" target="_blank">15258677</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5956509" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(severe%20achondroplasia-developmental%20delay-acanthosis%20nigricans%20syndrome)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29241752">Acanthosis nigricans and the metabolic syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karadağ AS,
You Y,
Danarti R,
Al-Khuzaei S,
Chen W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
2018 Jan-Feb;36(1):48-53.
Epub 2017 Sep 8
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29241752" target="_blank">29241752</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21525795">Congenital syndromes of severe insulin resistance.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Huang-Doran I,
Savage DB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Endocrinol Rev</span>
2011 Mar;8(3):190-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21525795" target="_blank">21525795</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18844715">The clinical evaluation of hirsutism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Somani N,
Harrison S,
Bergfeld WF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatol Ther</span>
2008 Sep-Oct;21(5):376-91.
doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2008.00219.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18844715" target="_blank">18844715</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15475230">Obesity and dermatology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scheinfeld NS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
2004 Jul-Aug;22(4):303-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.01.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15475230" target="_blank">15475230</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3058472">Hyperinsulinemia and ovarian hyperandrogenism. Cause and effect.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barbieri RL,
Hornstein MD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am</span>
1988 Dec;17(4):685-703.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3058472" target="_blank">3058472</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Severe%20achondroplasia-developmental%20delay-acanthosis%20nigricans%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (62)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29241752">Acanthosis nigricans and the metabolic syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karadağ AS,
You Y,
Danarti R,
Al-Khuzaei S,
Chen W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
2018 Jan-Feb;36(1):48-53.
Epub 2017 Sep 8
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29241752" target="_blank">29241752</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27943005">Skin manifestations of Cushing's syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stratakis CA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Endocr Metab Disord</span>
2016 Sep;17(3):283-286.
doi: 10.1007/s11154-016-9399-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27943005" target="_blank">27943005</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5181654" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22498245">Metabolic insights from extreme human insulin resistance phenotypes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stears A,
O'Rahilly S,
Semple RK,
Savage DB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2012 Apr;26(2):145-57.
doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.09.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22498245" target="_blank">22498245</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19189695">Severe acanthosis nigricans in a 17 year-old female with partial lipodystrophic syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Valizadeh N,
Tehrani MR,
Amoli MM,
Bandarian F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab</span>
2008 Nov;21(11):1027-8.
doi: 10.1515/jpem.2008.21.11.1027.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19189695" target="_blank">19189695</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15475230">Obesity and dermatology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scheinfeld NS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
2004 Jul-Aug;22(4):303-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.01.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15475230" target="_blank">15475230</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Severe%20achondroplasia-developmental%20delay-acanthosis%20nigricans%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (102)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28274354">Hormonal therapies for acne.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barros B,
Thiboutot D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
2017 Mar-Apr;35(2):168-172.
Epub 2016 Oct 27
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.10.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28274354" target="_blank">28274354</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27688650">Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Recent solutions, unresolved issues, and future research directions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Clemente MG,
Mandato C,
Poeta M,
Vajro P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World J Gastroenterol</span>
2016 Sep 28;22(36):8078-93.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i36.8078.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27688650" target="_blank">27688650</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5037077" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19622626">Acanthosis nigricans and insulin sensitivity in patients with achondroplasia and hypochodroplasia due to FGFR3 mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alatzoglou KS,
Hindmarsh PC,
Brain C,
Torpiano J,
Dattani MT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2009 Oct;94(10):3959-63.
Epub 2009 Jul 21
doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-0322.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19622626" target="_blank">19622626</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19189695">Severe acanthosis nigricans in a 17 year-old female with partial lipodystrophic syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Valizadeh N,
Tehrani MR,
Amoli MM,
Bandarian F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab</span>
2008 Nov;21(11):1027-8.
doi: 10.1515/jpem.2008.21.11.1027.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19189695" target="_blank">19189695</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17035653">Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 31-2006. A 15-year-old girl with severe obesity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hoppin AG,
Katz ES,
Kaplan LM,
Lauwers GY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2006 Oct 12;355(15):1593-602.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMcpc069023.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17035653" target="_blank">17035653</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Severe%20achondroplasia-developmental%20delay-acanthosis%20nigricans%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (47)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34388723">Clinical signs, interventions, and treatment course of three different treatment protocols in patients with Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">de Planque CA,
Wall SA,
Dalton L,
Paternoster G,
Arnaud É,
van Veelen MC,
Versnel SL,
Johnson D,
Jayamohan J,
Mathijssen IMJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurosurg Pediatr</span>
2021 Oct 1;28(4):425-431.
Epub 2021 Aug 13
doi: 10.3171/2021.2.PEDS20933.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34388723" target="_blank">34388723</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32843252">Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome in a brother-sister pair in Kuwait: Diagnosis and 5 year follow up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Al-Kandari H,
Al-Abdulrazzaq D,
Al-Jaser F,
Al-Mulla F,
Davidsson L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prim Care Diabetes</span>
2021 Feb;15(1):175-177.
Epub 2020 Aug 23
doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.07.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32843252" target="_blank">32843252</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29241752">Acanthosis nigricans and the metabolic syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karadağ AS,
You Y,
Danarti R,
Al-Khuzaei S,
Chen W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
2018 Jan-Feb;36(1):48-53.
Epub 2017 Sep 8
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29241752" target="_blank">29241752</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15475230">Obesity and dermatology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scheinfeld NS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
2004 Jul-Aug;22(4):303-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.01.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15475230" target="_blank">15475230</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9541110">Costello syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Philip N,
Sigaudy S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
1998 Mar;35(3):238-40.
doi: 10.1136/jmg.35.3.238.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9541110" target="_blank">9541110</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1051249" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Severe%20achondroplasia-developmental%20delay-acanthosis%20nigricans%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (39)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37322357">Unravelling the pathogenesis of foramen magnum stenosis in patients with severe achondroplasia: a CT-based comparison with age-matched controls and FGFR3 craniosynostosis syndromes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang CH,
D'Arco F,
Borghi A,
Picariello S,
Cheung M,
Irving M,
Thompson D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Childs Nerv Syst</span>
2023 Dec;39(12):3491-3499.
Epub 2023 Jun 15
doi: 10.1007/s00381-023-06005-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37322357" target="_blank">37322357</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37181686">Cardiometabolic risk factors among children who are affected by overweight, obesity and severe obesity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nur Zati Iwani AK,
Jalaludin MY,
Roslan FA,
Mansor F,
Md Zain F,
Hong JYH,
Zin RMWM,
Yahya A,
Ishak Z,
Selamat R,
Mokhtar AH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Public Health</span>
2023;11:1097675.
Epub 2023 Apr 27
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1097675.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37181686" target="_blank">37181686</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10173091" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35234134">Biallelic POC1A variants cause syndromic severe insulin resistance with muscle cramps.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mericq V,
Huang-Doran I,
Al-Naqeb D,
Basaure J,
Castiglioni C,
de Bruin C,
Hendriks Y,
Bertini E,
Alkuraya FS,
Losekoot M,
Al-Rubeaan K,
Semple RK,
Wit JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Endocrinol</span>
2022 Mar 23;186(5):543-552.
doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-0609.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35234134" target="_blank">35234134</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9010808" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28274349">Sex hormones and acne.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ju Q,
Tao T,
Hu T,
Karadağ AS,
Al-Khuzaei S,
Chen W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
2017 Mar-Apr;35(2):130-137.
Epub 2016 Oct 27
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.10.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28274349" target="_blank">28274349</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10696568">The molecular and genetic basis of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 disorders: the achondroplasia family of skeletal dysplasias, Muenke craniosynostosis, and Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vajo Z,
Francomano CA,
Wilkin DJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocr Rev</span>
2000 Feb;21(1):23-39.
doi: 10.1210/edrv.21.1.0387.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10696568" target="_blank">10696568</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Severe%20achondroplasia-developmental%20delay-acanthosis%20nigricans%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (57)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2674173%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (13)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2674173%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2674173%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (16)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2674173%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (8)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2674173%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (19)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(severe%20achondroplasia-developmental%20delay-acanthosis%20nigricans%20syndrome)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Severe%20achondroplasia-developmental%20delay-acanthosis%20nigricans%20syndrome%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=134934" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=2261[geneid]" target="_blank">View FGFR3 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/255522834" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=616482" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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