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<meta name="keywords" content="C1970198, autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability caused by mutation in grik2, grik2, grik2 autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability, intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 6, intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 6, intellectual disability, autosomal recessive type 6, mental or behavioral dysfunction, mental retardation, autosomal recessive 6, mental retardation, autosomal recessive type 6, mrt6, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Any autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GRIK2 gene." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 6 (Concept Id: C1970198)
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<!--
UID=370848
ConceptID=C1970198
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 6<span class="h1sub">(MRT6)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>370848</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1970198</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 6; MRT6</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="GRIK2 - ID: 2898 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/2898" class="medgenPMinfo">GRIK2</a> (6q16.3)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012614" target="_blank">MONDO:0012614</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/611092" target="_blank">611092</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Any autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GRIK2 gene. [from <a title="Monarch Initiative" href="https://monarchinitiative.org/" class="defSource" target="_blank">MONDO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10044"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, mild</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10044</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026106</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10044">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20mild%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010044%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10234"><div><strong>Myoclonus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10234</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0027066</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10234">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myoclonus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010234%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11859"><div><strong>Torticollis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11859</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0040485</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Torticollis is a twisted neck as a result of shortening of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This short and fibrotic muscle pulls the head laterally and rotates the chin and face to the opposite end. Facial asymmetry may be a manifestation (summary by Engin et al., 1997).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11859">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Torticollis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011859%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66696"><div><strong>Postural tremor</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66696</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0234378</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of tremors that is triggered by holding a limb in a fixed position.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66696">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Postural%20tremor%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066696%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78735"><div><strong>Atonic seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0270846</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterized by a sudden loss or diminution of muscle tone without apparent preceding myoclonic or tonic event lasting about 1 to 2 seconds, involving head, trunk, jaw, or limb musculature.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78735">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Atonic%20seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078735%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140884"><div><strong>Involuntary movements</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140884</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0427086</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Involuntary contractions of muscle leading to involuntary movements of extremities, neck, trunk, or face.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140884">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Involuntary%20movements%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140884%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_811461"><div><strong>Intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20811461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_868342"><div><strong>Reduced social responsiveness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>868342</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4022736</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduced ability to participate in the back-and-forth flow of social interaction appropriate to culture and developmental level, which is normally characterized by an influence of the behavior of one person on the behavior of another person. This results in difficulty interacting with others through emotional, physical, or verbal communication.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/868342">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Reduced%20social%20responsiveness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20868342%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1638576"><div><strong>Kinetic tremor</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1638576</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551521</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Tremor that occurs during any voluntary movement. It may include visually or non-visually guided movements. Tremor during target directed movement is called intention tremor.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1638576">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Kinetic%20tremor%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201638576%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite"><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atonic seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_811461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10044" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, mild</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140884" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Involuntary movements</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1638576" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Kinetic tremor</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10234" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myoclonus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66696" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Postural tremor</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_868342" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Reduced social responsiveness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11859" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Torticollis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37165955">Genotype-phenotype correlations in RHOBTB2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Langhammer F,
Maroofian R,
Badar R,
Gregor A,
Rochman M,
Ratliff JB,
Koopmans M,
Herget T,
Hempel M,
Kortüm F,
Heron D,
Mignot C,
Keren B,
Brooks S,
Botti C,
Ben-Zeev B,
Argilli E,
Sherr EH,
Gowda VK,
Srinivasan VM,
Bakhtiari S,
Kruer MC,
Salih MA,
Kuechler A,
Muller EA,
Blocker K,
Kuismin O,
Park KL,
Kochhar A,
Brown K,
Ramanathan S,
Clark RD,
Elgizouli M,
Melikishvili G,
Tabatadze N,
Stark Z,
Mirzaa GM,
Ong J,
Grasshoff U,
Bevot A,
von Wintzingerode L,
Jamra RA,
Hennig Y,
Goldenberg P,
Al Alam C,
Charif M,
Boulouiz R,
Bellaoui M,
Amrani R,
Al Mutairi F,
Tamim AM,
Abdulwahab F,
Alkuraya FS,
Khouj EM,
Alvi JR,
Sultan T,
Hashemi N,
Karimiani EG,
Ashrafzadeh F,
Imannezhad S,
Efthymiou S,
Houlden H,
Sticht H,
Zweier C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2023 Aug;25(8):100885.
Epub 2023 May 8
doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100885.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37165955" target="_blank">37165955</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35142283">Diagnosis and genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with PKD1/TSC2 contiguous gene deletion syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shang S,
Mei Y,
Wang T,
Zheng X,
Chen K,
Xiong S,
Dong Y,
Chang Y,
Wu X,
Kong X,
Tan M,
Wu L,
Zhang Y,
Xiao Y,
Xie Y,
Cai G,
Chen X,
Li Q</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Nephrol</span>
2022 Jun;97(6):328-338.
doi: 10.5414/CN110476.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35142283" target="_blank">35142283</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28980151">Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Salen G,
Steiner RD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2017 Nov;40(6):771-781.
Epub 2017 Oct 4
doi: 10.1007/s10545-017-0093-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28980151" target="_blank">28980151</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(intellectual%20disability%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%206)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (15)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33529473">Auditory phenotype of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zalewski CK,
Sydlowski SA,
King KA,
Bianconi S,
Dang Do A,
Porter FD,
Brewer CC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2021 Apr;185(4):1131-1141.
Epub 2021 Feb 2
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62087.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33529473" target="_blank">33529473</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7994936" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27040866">Refining the phenotypical and mutational spectrum of Taybi-Linder syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Putoux A,
Alqahtani A,
Pinson L,
Paulussen AD,
Michel J,
Besson A,
Mazoyer S,
Borg I,
Nampoothiri S,
Vasiljevic A,
Uwineza A,
Boggio D,
Champion F,
de Die-Smulders CE,
Gardeitchik T,
van Putten WK,
Perez MJ,
Musizzano Y,
Razavi F,
Drunat S,
Verloes A,
Hennekam R,
Guibaud L,
Alix E,
Sanlaville D,
Lesca G,
Edery P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
2016 Dec;90(6):550-555.
Epub 2016 Jun 2
doi: 10.1111/cge.12781.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27040866" target="_blank">27040866</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21555948">Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mitchell JJ,
Trakadis YJ,
Scriver CR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2011 Aug;13(8):697-707.
doi: 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3182141b48.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21555948" target="_blank">21555948</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2118780">Etiology and recurrence risk in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hennekam RC,
Stevens CA,
Van de Kamp JJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet Suppl</span>
1990;6:56-64.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320370610.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2118780" target="_blank">2118780</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4375505">Genetic forms of pituitary dwarfism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rimoin DL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser</span>
1971 May;7(6):12-20.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4375505" target="_blank">4375505</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%206%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (104)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38581205">Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of Autosomal Recessive CA8-Related Cerebellar Ataxia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kaiyrzhanov R,
Ortigoza-Escobar JD,
Stringer BW,
Ganieva M,
Gowda VK,
Srinivasan VM,
Macaya A,
Laner A,
Onbool E,
Al-Shammari R,
Al-Owain M,
Deconinck N,
Vilain C,
Dontaine P,
Self E,
Akram R,
Hussain G,
Baig SM,
Iqbal J,
Salpietro V,
Neshatdoust M,
Kasiri M,
Yesil G,
Uygur T,
Pysden K,
Berry IR,
Alves CA,
Giacomotto J,
Houlden H,
Maroofian R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2024 Jun;39(6):983-995.
Epub 2024 Apr 6
doi: 10.1002/mds.29754.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38581205" target="_blank">38581205</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34374989">Spectrum of neuro-genetic disorders in the United Arab Emirates national population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saleh S,
Beyyumi E,
Al Kaabi A,
Hertecant J,
Barakat D,
Al Dhaheri NS,
Al-Gazali L,
Al Shamsi A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
2021 Nov;100(5):573-600.
Epub 2021 Aug 19
doi: 10.1111/cge.14044.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34374989" target="_blank">34374989</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33529473">Auditory phenotype of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zalewski CK,
Sydlowski SA,
King KA,
Bianconi S,
Dang Do A,
Porter FD,
Brewer CC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2021 Apr;185(4):1131-1141.
Epub 2021 Feb 2
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62087.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33529473" target="_blank">33529473</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7994936" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28097321">Diagnostic Yield and Novel Candidate Genes by Exome Sequencing in 152 Consanguineous Families With Neurodevelopmental Disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reuter MS,
Tawamie H,
Buchert R,
Hosny Gebril O,
Froukh T,
Thiel C,
Uebe S,
Ekici AB,
Krumbiegel M,
Zweier C,
Hoyer J,
Eberlein K,
Bauer J,
Scheller U,
Strom TM,
Hoffjan S,
Abdelraouf ER,
Meguid NA,
Abboud A,
Al Khateeb MA,
Fakher M,
Hamdan S,
Ismael A,
Muhammad S,
Abdallah E,
Sticht H,
Wieczorek D,
Reis A,
Abou Jamra R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Psychiatry</span>
2017 Mar 1;74(3):293-299.
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3798.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28097321" target="_blank">28097321</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21555948">Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mitchell JJ,
Trakadis YJ,
Scriver CR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2011 Aug;13(8):697-707.
doi: 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3182141b48.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21555948" target="_blank">21555948</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%206%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (184)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38773877">Severe congenital ichthyosiform dermatosis in CHIME syndrome successfully treated with ixekizumab.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Flowers LE,
Dyer JA,
Eisenstein KA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Dermatol</span>
2024 Nov-Dec;41(6):1166-1169.
Epub 2024 May 21
doi: 10.1111/pde.15648.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38773877" target="_blank">38773877</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32349000">Patients with Lately Diagnosed Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yunisova G,
Tufekcioglu Z,
Dogu O,
Bilgic B,
Kaleagasi H,
Akca Kalem S,
Lohmann E,
Gurvit HI,
Emre M,
Hanagasi HA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurodegener Dis</span>
2019;19(5-6):218-224.
Epub 2020 Apr 29
doi: 10.1159/000506770.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32349000" target="_blank">32349000</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28980151">Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Salen G,
Steiner RD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2017 Nov;40(6):771-781.
Epub 2017 Oct 4
doi: 10.1007/s10545-017-0093-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28980151" target="_blank">28980151</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24482108">Neurological findings and genetic alterations in patients with Kostmann syndrome and HAX1 mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Roques G,
Munzer M,
Barthez MA,
Beaufils S,
Beaupain B,
Flood T,
Keren B,
Bellanné-Chantelot C,
Donadieu J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Blood Cancer</span>
2014 Jun;61(6):1041-8.
Epub 2014 Jan 30
doi: 10.1002/pbc.24964.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24482108" target="_blank">24482108</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21555948">Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mitchell JJ,
Trakadis YJ,
Scriver CR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2011 Aug;13(8):697-707.
doi: 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3182141b48.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21555948" target="_blank">21555948</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%206%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (19)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35179230">PIGN encephalopathy: Characterizing the epileptology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bayat A,
de Valles-Ibáñez G,
Pendziwiat M,
Knaus A,
Alt K,
Biamino E,
Bley A,
Calvert S,
Carney P,
Caro-Llopis A,
Ceulemans B,
Cousin J,
Davis S,
des Portes V,
Edery P,
England E,
Ferreira C,
Freeman J,
Gener B,
Gorce M,
Heron D,
Hildebrand MS,
Jezela-Stanek A,
Jouk PS,
Keren B,
Kloth K,
Kluger G,
Kuhn M,
Lemke JR,
Li H,
Martinez F,
Maxton C,
Mefford HC,
Merla G,
Mierzewska H,
Muir A,
Monfort S,
Nicolai J,
Norman J,
O'Grady G,
Oleksy B,
Orellana C,
Orec LE,
Peinhardt C,
Pronicka E,
Rosello M,
Santos-Simarro F,
Schwaibold EMC,
Stegmann APA,
Stumpel CT,
Szczepanik E,
Terczyńska I,
Thevenon J,
Tzschach A,
Van Bogaert P,
Vittorini R,
Walsh S,
Weckhuysen S,
Weissman B,
Wolfe L,
Reymond A,
De Nittis P,
Poduri A,
Olson H,
Striano P,
Lesca G,
Scheffer IE,
Møller RS,
Sadleir LG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
2022 Apr;63(4):974-991.
Epub 2022 Feb 18
doi: 10.1111/epi.17173.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35179230" target="_blank">35179230</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28236339">Mutations of the aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases SARS and WARS2 are implicated in the etiology of autosomal recessive intellectual disability.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Musante L,
Püttmann L,
Kahrizi K,
Garshasbi M,
Hu H,
Stehr H,
Lipkowitz B,
Otto S,
Jensen LR,
Tzschach A,
Jamali P,
Wienker T,
Najmabadi H,
Ropers HH,
Kuss AW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2017 Jun;38(6):621-636.
Epub 2017 Mar 23
doi: 10.1002/humu.23205.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28236339" target="_blank">28236339</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7666399">Neuroectodermal (CHIME) syndrome: an additional case with long term follow up of all reported cases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shashi V,
Zunich J,
Kelly TE,
Fryburg JS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
1995 Jun;32(6):465-9.
doi: 10.1136/jmg.32.6.465.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7666399" target="_blank">7666399</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1050487" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2118780">Etiology and recurrence risk in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hennekam RC,
Stevens CA,
Van de Kamp JJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet Suppl</span>
1990;6:56-64.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320370610.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2118780" target="_blank">2118780</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2591069">Hereditary spastic diplegia with mental retardation in two young siblings.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gustavson KH,
Modrzewska K,
Erikson A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
1989 Dec;36(6):439-41.
doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1989.tb03373.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2591069" target="_blank">2591069</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%206%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (64)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38581205">Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of Autosomal Recessive CA8-Related Cerebellar Ataxia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kaiyrzhanov R,
Ortigoza-Escobar JD,
Stringer BW,
Ganieva M,
Gowda VK,
Srinivasan VM,
Macaya A,
Laner A,
Onbool E,
Al-Shammari R,
Al-Owain M,
Deconinck N,
Vilain C,
Dontaine P,
Self E,
Akram R,
Hussain G,
Baig SM,
Iqbal J,
Salpietro V,
Neshatdoust M,
Kasiri M,
Yesil G,
Uygur T,
Pysden K,
Berry IR,
Alves CA,
Giacomotto J,
Houlden H,
Maroofian R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2024 Jun;39(6):983-995.
Epub 2024 Apr 6
doi: 10.1002/mds.29754.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38581205" target="_blank">38581205</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37165955">Genotype-phenotype correlations in RHOBTB2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Langhammer F,
Maroofian R,
Badar R,
Gregor A,
Rochman M,
Ratliff JB,
Koopmans M,
Herget T,
Hempel M,
Kortüm F,
Heron D,
Mignot C,
Keren B,
Brooks S,
Botti C,
Ben-Zeev B,
Argilli E,
Sherr EH,
Gowda VK,
Srinivasan VM,
Bakhtiari S,
Kruer MC,
Salih MA,
Kuechler A,
Muller EA,
Blocker K,
Kuismin O,
Park KL,
Kochhar A,
Brown K,
Ramanathan S,
Clark RD,
Elgizouli M,
Melikishvili G,
Tabatadze N,
Stark Z,
Mirzaa GM,
Ong J,
Grasshoff U,
Bevot A,
von Wintzingerode L,
Jamra RA,
Hennig Y,
Goldenberg P,
Al Alam C,
Charif M,
Boulouiz R,
Bellaoui M,
Amrani R,
Al Mutairi F,
Tamim AM,
Abdulwahab F,
Alkuraya FS,
Khouj EM,
Alvi JR,
Sultan T,
Hashemi N,
Karimiani EG,
Ashrafzadeh F,
Imannezhad S,
Efthymiou S,
Houlden H,
Sticht H,
Zweier C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2023 Aug;25(8):100885.
Epub 2023 May 8
doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100885.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37165955" target="_blank">37165955</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33529473">Auditory phenotype of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zalewski CK,
Sydlowski SA,
King KA,
Bianconi S,
Dang Do A,
Porter FD,
Brewer CC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2021 Apr;185(4):1131-1141.
Epub 2021 Feb 2
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62087.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33529473" target="_blank">33529473</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7994936" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28459997">Hypomorphic mutations in POLR3A are a frequent cause of sporadic and recessive spastic ataxia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Minnerop M,
Kurzwelly D,
Wagner H,
Soehn AS,
Reichbauer J,
Tao F,
Rattay TW,
Peitz M,
Rehbach K,
Giorgetti A,
Pyle A,
Thiele H,
Altmüller J,
Timmann D,
Karaca I,
Lennarz M,
Baets J,
Hengel H,
Synofzik M,
Atasu B,
Feely S,
Kennerson M,
Stendel C,
Lindig T,
Gonzalez MA,
Stirnberg R,
Sturm M,
Roeske S,
Jung J,
Bauer P,
Lohmann E,
Herms S,
Heilmann-Heimbach S,
Nicholson G,
Mahanjah M,
Sharkia R,
Carloni P,
Brüstle O,
Klopstock T,
Mathews KD,
Shy ME,
de Jonghe P,
Chinnery PF,
Horvath R,
Kohlhase J,
Schmitt I,
Wolf M,
Greschus S,
Amunts K,
Maier W,
Schöls L,
Nürnberg P,
Zuchner S,
Klockgether T,
Ramirez A,
Schüle R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2017 Jun 1;140(6):1561-1578.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awx095.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28459997" target="_blank">28459997</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6402316" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28236339">Mutations of the aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases SARS and WARS2 are implicated in the etiology of autosomal recessive intellectual disability.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Musante L,
Püttmann L,
Kahrizi K,
Garshasbi M,
Hu H,
Stehr H,
Lipkowitz B,
Otto S,
Jensen LR,
Tzschach A,
Jamali P,
Wienker T,
Najmabadi H,
Ropers HH,
Kuss AW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2017 Jun;38(6):621-636.
Epub 2017 Mar 23
doi: 10.1002/humu.23205.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28236339" target="_blank">28236339</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%206%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (117)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32533820">Clinical, Immunologic and Molecular Spectrum of Patients with Immunodeficiency, Centromeric Instability, and Facial Anomalies (ICF) Syndrome: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kiaee F,
Zaki-Dizaji M,
Hafezi N,
Almasi-Hashiani A,
Hamedifar H,
Sabzevari A,
Shirkani A,
Zian Z,
Jadidi-Niaragh F,
Aghamahdi F,
Goudarzvand M,
Yazdani R,
Abolhassani H,
Aghamohammadi A,
Azizi G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets</span>
2021;21(4):664-672.
doi: 10.2174/1871530320666200613204426.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32533820" target="_blank">32533820</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%206%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970198%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (8)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970198%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F29" target="_blank">Detection of homozygosity (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970198%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (9)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970198%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (2)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970198%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (11)</a></total></li>
</ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=611092" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Intellectual%20disability,%20autosomal%20recessive%206" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_121">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(intellectual%20disability%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%206)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=138244" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=2898[geneid]" target="_blank">View GRIK2 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/262072968" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=611092" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Consumer_resources">Consumer resources</h1><a sid="116" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Mental+retardation%2C+autosomal+recessive+6/8842" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/intellectual_developmental_disorder_autosomal_recessive_6" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Intellectual%20disability,%20autosomal%20recessive%206" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/22542/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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<h3>Reviews</h3>
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<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Intellectual%20disability,%20autosomal%20recessive%206" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=1&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
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<a href="/pubmed?term=Intellectual%20disability,%20autosomal%20recessive%206%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=2&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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<h3>Related information</h3>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=370848" ref="log$=recordlinks">ClinVar</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related medical variations</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=370848" ref="log$=recordlinks">Gene</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in NCBI Gene</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970198[DISCUI]" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in GTR</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970198[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Clinical tests in GTR</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/mesh?LinkName=medgen_mesh&amp;from_uid=370848" ref="log$=recordlinks">MeSH</a>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/omim?LinkName=medgen_omim&amp;from_uid=370848" ref="log$=recordlinks">OMIM</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related records in OMIM</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/omim?LinkName=medgen_omim_gene&amp;from_uid=370848" ref="log$=recordlinks">OMIM(Genes)</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">OMIM records containing genes associated with phenotypes registered in MedGen</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pmc?LinkName=medgen_pmc&amp;from_uid=370848" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC Articles</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in PubMed Central Links</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed&amp;from_uid=370848" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related literature resources in PubMed</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_omim&amp;from_uid=370848" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed (OMIM)</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related literature resources in PubMed</div>
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