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<meta name="keywords" content="C1865349, disease or syndrome, ee, eme, encephalopathy, ethylmalonic, encephalopathy, petechiae, and ethylmalonic aciduria, epema syndrome, ethe1, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, syndrome of encephalopathy, petechiae, and ethylmalonic aciduria, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is a severe, early-onset, progressive disorder characterized by developmental delay / mild-to-severe intellectual disability; generalized infantile hypotonia that evolves into hypertonia, spasticity, and (in some instances) dystonia; generalized tonic-clonic seizures; and generalized microvascular damage (diffuse and spontaneous relapsing petechial purpura, hemorrhagic suffusions of mucosal surfaces, and chronic hemorrhagic diarrhea). Infants sometimes have frequent vomiting and loss of social interaction. Speech is delayed and in some instances absent. Swallowing difficulties and failure to thrive are common. Children may be unable to walk without support and may be wheelchair bound. Neurologic deterioration accelerates following intercurrent infectious illness, and the majority of children die in the first decade." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=355966
|
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ConceptID=C1865349
|
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Ethylmalonic encephalopathy<span class="h1sub">(EE)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355966</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1865349</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>EE; Encephalopathy, petechiae, and ethylmalonic aciduria; EPEMA syndrome; Syndrome of encephalopathy, petechiae, and ethylmalonic aciduria</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Ethylmalonic encephalopathy (723307008)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
|
||
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
|
||
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="ETHE1 - ID: 23474 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/23474" class="medgenPMinfo">ETHE1</a> (19q13.31)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0011229" target="_blank">MONDO:0011229</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/602473" target="_blank">602473</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=51188">ORPHA51188</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK453432" target="_blank">Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy</a></div><div>Ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is a severe, early-onset, progressive disorder characterized by developmental delay / mild-to-severe intellectual disability; generalized infantile hypotonia that evolves into hypertonia, spasticity, and (in some instances) dystonia; generalized tonic-clonic seizures; and generalized microvascular damage (diffuse and spontaneous relapsing petechial purpura, hemorrhagic suffusions of mucosal surfaces, and chronic hemorrhagic diarrhea). Infants sometimes have frequent vomiting and loss of social interaction. Speech is delayed and in some instances absent. Swallowing difficulties and failure to thrive are common. Children may be unable to walk without support and may be wheelchair bound. Neurologic deterioration accelerates following intercurrent infectious illness, and the majority of children die in the first decade. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK453432#ee.Summary" target="NBK453432">Summary</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK453432#ee.Diagnosis" target="NBK453432">Diagnosis</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK453432#ee.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK453432">Clinical Characteristics</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK453432#ee.Genetically_Related_Allelic_Disorders" target="NBK453432">Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK453432#ee.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK453432">Differential Diagnosis</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK453432#ee.Management" target="NBK453432">Management</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK453432#ee.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK453432">Genetic Counseling</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK453432#ee.Resources" target="NBK453432">Resources</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK453432#ee.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK453432">Molecular Genetics</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK453432#ee.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK453432">Chapter Notes</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK453432#ee.References" target="NBK453432">References</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
|
||
Ivano Di Meo | Costanza Lamperti | Valeria Tiranti <a href="/books/NBK453432" target="NBK453432" title="NCBI Bookshelf: Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy">view full author information</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />Ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is an autosomal recessive severe metabolic disorder of infancy affecting the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and peripheral vessels. The disorder is characterized by neurodevelopmental delay and regression, prominent pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, recurrent petechiae, orthostatic acrocyanosis, and chronic diarrhea. Brain MRI shows necrotic lesions in deep gray matter structures. Death usually occurs in the first decade of life (summary by Drousiotou et al., 2011). <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/602473">http://www.omim.org/entry/602473</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is an inherited disorder that affects several body systems, particularly the nervous system. Neurological signs and symptoms include delayed development and the loss of previously acquired skills (developmental regression), weak muscle tone (hypotonia), seizures, and abnormal movements. The body's network of blood vessels (the vascular system) is also affected. Children with this disorder often develop rashes of tiny red spots (petechiae) caused by bleeding under the skin and blue discoloration in the hands and feet due to reduced oxygen in the blood (acrocyanosis). Chronic diarrhea is another common feature of ethylmalonic encephalopathy.<br /><br />The signs and symptoms of ethylmalonic encephalopathy are apparent at birth or begin in the first few months of life. Problems with the nervous system typically worsen over time, and most affected individuals survive only into early childhood. <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ethylmalonic-encephalopathy">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ethylmalonic-encephalopathy</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_355967"><div><strong>Ethylmalonic aciduria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355967</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1865353</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The concentration of ethylmalonic acid in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355967">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ethylmalonic%20aciduria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20355967%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_746019"><div><strong>Failure to thrive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>746019</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2315100</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/746019">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Failure%20to%20thrive%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20746019%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65429"><div><strong>Feeding difficulties</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65429</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0232466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65429">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Feeding%20difficulties%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065429%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96036"><div><strong>Chronic diarrhea</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96036</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0401151</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of chronic diarrhea, which is usually taken to mean diarrhea that has persisted for over 4 weeks.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96036">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Chronic%20diarrhea%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096036%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_849"><div><strong>Cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0007758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_19708"><div><strong>Babinski sign</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19708</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0034935</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19708">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Babinski%20sign%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2019708%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_39314"><div><strong>Encephalopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39314</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0085584</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Encephalopathy is a term that means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. In general, encephalopathy is manifested by an altered mental state.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39314">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Encephalopathy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2039314%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_115941"><div><strong>Abnormality of extrapyramidal motor function</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>115941</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0234133</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A neurological condition related to lesions of the basal ganglia leading to typical abnormalities including akinesia (inability to initiate changes in activity and perform volitional movements rapidly and easily), muscular rigidity (continuous contraction of muscles with constant resistance to passive movement), chorea (widespread arrhythmic movements of a forcible, rapid, jerky, and restless nature), athetosis (inability to sustain the muscles of the fingers, toes, or other group of muscles in a fixed position), and akathisia (inability to remain motionless).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/115941">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormality%20of%20extrapyramidal%20motor%20function%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20115941%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324613"><div><strong>Developmental regression</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324613</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1836830</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of developmental skills, as manifested by loss of developmental milestones.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324613">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Developmental%20regression%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324613%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_811461"><div><strong>Intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3714756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20811461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892349"><div><strong>Focal T2 hyperintense basal ganglia lesion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892349</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4024926</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A lighter than expected T2 signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the basal ganglia. This term refers to a localized hyperintensity affecting a particular region of the basal ganglia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892349">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Focal%20T2%20hyperintense%20basal%20ganglia%20lesion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892349%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_867360"><div><strong>Cytochrome C oxidase-negative muscle fibers</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867360</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4021724</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally reduced activity of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase in muscle tissue.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/867360">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cytochrome%20C%20oxidase-negative%20muscle%20fibers%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20867360%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1717"><div><strong>Lactic acidosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1717</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0001125</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal buildup of lactic acid in the body, leading to acidification of the blood and other bodily fluids.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1717">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lactic%20acidosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201717%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1787414"><div><strong>Elevated circulating butyrylcarnitine concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1787414</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5539599</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Concentration of O-butyrylcarnitine in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1787414">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%20butyrylcarnitine%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201787414%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1863545"><div><strong>Elevated circulating thiosulfate concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1863545</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5937485</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The concentration of thiosulfate in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1863545">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%20thiosulfate%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201863545%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10680"><div><strong>Petechiae</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10680</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0031256</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Petechiae are pinpoint-sized reddish/purple spots, resembling a rash, that appear just under the skin or a mucous membrane when capillaries have ruptured and some superficial bleeding into the skin has happened. This term refers to an abnormally increased susceptibility to developing petechiae.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10680">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Petechiae%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010680%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65138"><div><strong>Acrocyanosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65138</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0221347</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Bluish discoloration of the skin of the hands or feet.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65138">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Acrocyanosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065138%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_870311"><div><strong>Abnormal retinal vascular morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>870311</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4024753</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A structural abnormality of retinal vasculature.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/870311">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20retinal%20vascular%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20870311%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1787414" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating butyrylcarnitine concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1863545" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating thiosulfate concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1717" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lactic acidosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96036" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chronic diarrhea</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65429" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Feeding difficulties</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_870311" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal retinal vascular morphology</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_355967" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ethylmalonic aciduria</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65138" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Acrocyanosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10680" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Petechiae</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_867360" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cytochrome C oxidase-negative muscle fibers</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_115941" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormality of extrapyramidal motor function</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_19708" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Babinski sign</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324613" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental regression</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_39314" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Encephalopathy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892349" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal T2 hyperintense basal ganglia lesion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_811461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_746019" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Failure to thrive</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1865349[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=355966">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=355966" target="_blank" href="/omim/602473">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK453432/" ref="ncbi_uid=355966">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=355966" ref="ncbi_uid=355966">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Ethylmalonic encephalopathy</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842822" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Unspecified inborn mitochondrial disorder">Unspecified inborn mitochondrial disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Ethylmalonic encephalopathy</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&data_id=156&PatId=10672&search=Disease_Classif_Simple&new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Ethylmalonic encephalopathy</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34274260">Ethylmalonic encephalopathy: phenotype-genotype description and review of its management.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cardelo Autero N,
|
||
Cordón Martínez AM,
|
||
Ramos-Fernández JM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurologia (Engl Ed)</span>
|
||
2021 Nov-Dec;36(9):729-731.
|
||
Epub 2021 Jul 15
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2021.01.003.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34274260" target="_blank">34274260</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33053453">Clinical Therapeutic Management of Human Mitochondrial Disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Finsterer J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
|
||
2020 Dec;113:66-74.
|
||
Epub 2020 Jul 6
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.07.004.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33053453" target="_blank">33053453</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22ethylmalonic%20encephalopathy%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Curated<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpCurated"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3><h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Glutaric-Aciduria-Type-2-ACT-Sheet.pdf" target="_blank">American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Newborn Screening ACT Sheet, Elevated C4 and C5 +/- Other Acylcarnitines, Glutaric Acidemia II (GA-II) (MADD), 2022</a></h3>
|
||
<h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/C4-C5-Elevated-Algorithm.pdf" target="_blank">American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Algorithm, Glutaric Acidemia II (GA-II)/ MADD, Riboflavin Metabolism Disorder, Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy: C4 and C5 elevated +/- other elevated acylcarnitines (AC), 2022</a></h3>
|
||
<h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/C4.pdf" target="_blank">American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Newborn Screening ACT Sheet, Elevated C4 Acylcarnitine, Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (SCAD) Deficiency, 2022</a></h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35668433">AAV-vector based gene therapy for mitochondrial disease: progress and future perspectives.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hanaford AR,
|
||
Cho YJ,
|
||
Nakai H</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
|
||
2022 Jun 6;17(1):217.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/s13023-022-02324-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35668433" target="_blank">35668433</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9169410" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33000152">Lessons Learned from Inherited Metabolic Disorders of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids Metabolism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kožich V,
|
||
Stabler S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Nutr</span>
|
||
2020 Oct 1;150(Suppl 1):2506S-2517S.
|
||
doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa134.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33000152" target="_blank">33000152</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26194912">Mitochondrial diseases caused by toxic compound accumulation: from etiopathology to therapeutic approaches.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Di Meo I,
|
||
Lamperti C,
|
||
Tiranti V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">EMBO Mol Med</span>
|
||
2015 Oct;7(10):1257-66.
|
||
doi: 10.15252/emmm.201505040.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26194912" target="_blank">26194912</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4604682" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21249436">Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis in organic acidurias: insights from human and animal studies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wajner M,
|
||
Goodman SI</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bioenerg Biomembr</span>
|
||
2011 Feb;43(1):31-8.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s10863-011-9324-0.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21249436" target="_blank">21249436</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18593870">Identification of new mutations in the ETHE1 gene in a cohort of 14 patients presenting with ethylmalonic encephalopathy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mineri R,
|
||
Rimoldi M,
|
||
Burlina AB,
|
||
Koskull S,
|
||
Perletti C,
|
||
Heese B,
|
||
von Döbeln U,
|
||
Mereghetti P,
|
||
Di Meo I,
|
||
Invernizzi F,
|
||
Zeviani M,
|
||
Uziel G,
|
||
Tiranti V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
|
||
2008 Jul;45(7):473-8.
|
||
doi: 10.1136/jmg.2008.058271.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18593870" target="_blank">18593870</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ethylmalonic%20encephalopathy%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35165146">Ethylmalonic encephalopathy masquerading as meningococcemia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Horton A,
|
||
Hong KM,
|
||
Pandithan D,
|
||
Allen M,
|
||
Killick C,
|
||
Goergen S,
|
||
Springer A,
|
||
Phelan D,
|
||
Marty M,
|
||
Halligan R,
|
||
Lee J,
|
||
Pitt J,
|
||
Chong B,
|
||
Christodoulou J,
|
||
Lunke S,
|
||
Stark Z,
|
||
Fahey M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud</span>
|
||
2022 Feb;8(2)
|
||
Epub 2022 Mar 24
|
||
doi: 10.1101/mcs.a006193.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35165146" target="_blank">35165146</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8958906" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33053453">Clinical Therapeutic Management of Human Mitochondrial Disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Finsterer J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
|
||
2020 Dec;113:66-74.
|
||
Epub 2020 Jul 6
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.07.004.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33053453" target="_blank">33053453</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29464661">An unusual cause of cavitating leukoencephalopathy: ethylmalonic encephalopathy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cavusoglu D,
|
||
Hismi BO,
|
||
Dundar NO,
|
||
Oztekin O,
|
||
Koc A,
|
||
Canda E,
|
||
Arican P,
|
||
Gencpinar P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neurol Belg</span>
|
||
2018 Jun;118(2):309-312.
|
||
Epub 2018 Feb 20
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s13760-018-0902-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29464661" target="_blank">29464661</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29089323">Ethylmalonic Aciduria in an Infant with Neurological and Skin Presentation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Peake RWA,
|
||
Rodan LH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Chem</span>
|
||
2017 Nov;63(11):1771-1773.
|
||
doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.279497.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29089323" target="_blank">29089323</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27966587">Differential protein expression in metallothionein protection from depleted uranium-induced nephrotoxicity.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hao Y,
|
||
Huang J,
|
||
Liu C,
|
||
Li H,
|
||
Liu J,
|
||
Zeng Y,
|
||
Yang Z,
|
||
Li R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Rep</span>
|
||
2016 Dec 14;6:38942.
|
||
doi: 10.1038/srep38942.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27966587" target="_blank">27966587</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5155243" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ethylmalonic%20encephalopathy%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (33)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29526615">Response to medical and a novel dietary treatment in newborn screen identified patients with ethylmalonic encephalopathy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Boyer M,
|
||
Sowa M,
|
||
Di Meo I,
|
||
Eftekharian S,
|
||
Steenari MR,
|
||
Tiranti V,
|
||
Abdenur JE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
|
||
2018 May;124(1):57-63.
|
||
Epub 2018 Feb 14
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.02.008.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29526615" target="_blank">29526615</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23284046">Altered sulfide (H(2)S) metabolism in ethylmalonic encephalopathy.</a></div>
|
||
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20657580">Combined treatment with oral metronidazole and N-acetylcysteine is effective in ethylmalonic encephalopathy.</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ethylmalonic%20encephalopathy%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (10)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
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Di Meo I,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37589888">Disruption of Bioenergetics in the Intestine of Wistar Rats Caused by Hydrogen Sulfide and Thiosulfate: A Potential Mechanism of Chronic Hemorrhagic Diarrhea in Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy.</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32485156">Identification of a novel homozygous nonsense variant in a Chinese patient with ethylmalonic encephalopathy and a genotype-phenotype spectrum review.</a></div>
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Han D,
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27074420" target="_blank">27074420</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McCoy JG,
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Bingman CA,
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Bitto E,
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Holdorf MM,
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ethylmalonic%20encephalopathy%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (16)</a></div></div>
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1865349%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A1%5F1" target="_blank">Analyte (7)</a></li>
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<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1865349%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (45)</a></li>
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<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1865349%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F18" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of select exons (2)</a></li>
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<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1865349%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (10)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1865349%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (64)</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1865349%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (17)</a></li>
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<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1865349%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (80)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22ethylmalonic%20encephalopathy%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Ethylmalonic%20encephalopathy%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul><h3 class="subhead">Curated</h3><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Glutaric-Aciduria-Type-2-ACT-Sheet.pdf">ACMG ACT, 2022</a><div>American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Newborn Screening ACT Sheet, Elevated C4 and C5 +/- Other Acylcarnitines, Glutaric Acidemia II (GA-II) (MADD), 2022</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/C4-C5-Elevated-Algorithm.pdf">ACMG Algorithm,</a><div>American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Algorithm, Glutaric Acidemia II (GA-II)/ MADD, Riboflavin Metabolism Disorder, Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy: C4 and C5 elevated +/- other elevated acylcarnitines (AC), 2022</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/C4.pdf">ACMG ACT, 2022</a><div>American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Newborn Screening ACT Sheet, Elevated C4 Acylcarnitine, Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (SCAD) Deficiency, 2022</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_115">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&start=1&limit=10&sort=score%20desc&field=number&search=608451" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=23474[geneid]" target="_blank">View ETHE1 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/193290100" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=602473" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
|
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</div>
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_116">
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Ethylmalonic+Encephalopathy/2662" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/encephalopathy_ethylmalonic" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=Ethylmalonic%20encephalopathy" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ethylmalonic-encephalopathy" target="_blank">MedlinePlusGenetics (GHR)</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/2198/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<a href="/pubmed?term=Ethylmalonic%20encephalopathy%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=3&linkpostotal=3" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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|
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|
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=355966" ref="log$=recordlinks">ClinVar</a>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C1865349[DISCUI]" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR</a>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C1865349[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Clinical tests in GTR</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/mesh?LinkName=medgen_mesh&from_uid=355966" ref="log$=recordlinks">MeSH</a>
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<li class="brieflinkpopper">
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&from_uid=355966" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed (GeneReviews)</a>
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">GeneReviews in PubMed</div>
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<li class="brieflinkpopper">
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_omim&from_uid=355966" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed (OMIM)</a>
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<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67ca71a684f3725e595b7a7c">Ethylmalonic encephalopathy</a>
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<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67ca71a384f3725e595b6d85">C0040028[trait identifier] AND "Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invita... <span class="number">(649)</span></a>
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