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<meta name="keywords" content="C1856408, finding, infantile encephalopathy, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Encephalopathy with onset in the infantile period." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=343542
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ConceptID=C1856408
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Infantile encephalopathy</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343542</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1856408</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
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<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0007105">HP:0007105</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln">Encephalopathy with onset in the infantile period. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Infantile encephalopathy</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871309" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of prenatal development or birth">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1254" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fetal anomaly">Fetal anomaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/105425" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the nervous system">Abnormality of the nervous system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868417" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal nervous system physiology">Abnormal nervous system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/39314" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Encephalopathy">Encephalopathy</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Infantile encephalopathy</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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</div>
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||
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_124337"><div><strong>Glutaric aciduria, type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>124337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268595</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The phenotypic spectrum of untreated glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA-1) ranges from the more common form (infantile-onset disease) to the less common form (later-onset disease – i.e., after age 6 years). Of note, the GA-1 phenotype can vary widely between untreated family members with the same genotype, primarily as a function of the age at which the first acute encephalopathic crisis occurred: three months to six years in infantile-onset GA-1 and after age six years in later-onset GA-1. Characteristically these crises result in acute bilateral striatal injury and subsequent complex movement disorders. In the era of newborn screening (NBS), the prompt initiation of treatment of asymptomatic infants detected by NBS means that most individuals who would have developed manifestations of either infantile-onset or later-onset GA-1 remain asymptomatic; however, they may be at increased risk for other manifestations (e.g., renal disease) that are becoming apparent as the understanding of the natural history of treated GA-1 continues to evolve.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/124337">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_342404"><div><strong>PEHO syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342404</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1850055</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">PEHO is a severe autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by extreme cerebellar atrophy due to almost total loss of granule neurons. Affected individuals present in early infancy with hypotonia, profoundly delayed psychomotor development, optic atrophy, progressive atrophy of the cerebellum and brainstem, and dysmyelination. Most patients also develop infantile seizures that are often associated with hypsarrhythmia on EEG, and many have peripheral edema (summary by Anttonen et al., 2017).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342404">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_337956"><div><strong>PEHO-like syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337956</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1850056</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare genetic neurological disease characterized by progressive encephalopathy, early-onset seizures with a hypsarrhythmic pattern, facial and limb edema, severe hypotonia, early arrest of psychomotor development and craniofacial dysmorphism (evolving microcephaly, narrow forehead, short nose, prominent auricles, open mouth, micrognathia), in the absence of neuro-ophthalmic or neuroradiologic findings. Poor visual responsiveness, growth failure and tapering fingers are also associated. There is evidence the disease is caused by homozygous mutation in the CCDC88A gene on chromosome 2p16.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337956">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_384027"><div><strong>Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>384027</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1856974</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">TSEN54 pontocerebellar hypoplasia (TSEN54-PCH) comprises three PCH phenotypes (PCH2, 4, and 5) that share characteristic neuroradiologic and neurologic findings. The three PCH phenotypes (which differ mainly in life expectancy) were considered to be distinct entities before their molecular basis was known. PCH2. Children usually succumb before age ten years (those with PCH4 and 5 usually succumb as neonates). Children with PCH2 have generalized clonus, uncoordinated sucking and swallowing, impaired cognitive development, lack of voluntary motor development, cortical blindness, and an increased risk for rhabdomyolysis during severe infections. Epilepsy is present in approximately 50%. PCH4. Neonates often have seizures, multiple joint contractures ("arthrogryposis"), generalized clonus, and central respiratory impairment. PCH5 resembles PCH4 and has been described in one family.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/384027">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_436917"><div><strong>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>436917</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2677326</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">STXBP1 encephalopathy with epilepsy is characterized by early-onset developmental delay, intellectual disability or cognitive dysfunction, and epilepsy. The median age of onset of seizures is six weeks (range: 1 day to 13 years). Seizure types can include infantile spasms; generalized tonic-clonic, clonic, or tonic seizures; and myoclonic, atonic, absence, and focal seizures. EEG abnormalities can include focal epileptic activity, burst suppression, hypsarrhythmia, or generalized spike-and-slow waves. Other neurologic findings include abnormal tone, movement disorders (especially ataxia and dystonia), and behavioral issues and autism spectrum disorder. Feeding difficulties are common.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/436917">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_463405"><div><strong>D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>463405</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3152055</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a neurometabolic disorder first described by Chalmers et al. (1980). Clinical symptoms include developmental delay, epilepsy, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. Mild and severe phenotypes were characterized (van der Knaap et al., 1999). The severe phenotype is homogeneous and is characterized by early infantile-onset epileptic encephalopathy and, often, cardiomyopathy. The mild phenotype has a more variable clinical presentation. Genetic Heterogeneity of D-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria-2 (D2HGA2; 613657) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 gene (IDH2; 147650) on chromosome 15q26.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/463405">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_463405" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_436917" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 4</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_124337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glutaric aciduria, type 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_342404" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">PEHO syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_337956" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">PEHO-like syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_384027" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 4</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27056426">Cranial Ultrasonography in Infantile Encephalitic Beriberi: A Useful First-Line Imaging Tool for Screening and Diagnosis in Suspected Cases.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wani NA,
|
||
Qureshi UA,
|
||
Ahmad K,
|
||
Choh NA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</span>
|
||
2016 Aug;37(8):1535-40.
|
||
Epub 2016 Apr 7
|
||
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4756.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27056426" target="_blank">27056426</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7960265" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16829046">Acute infantile encephalopathy predominantly affecting the frontal lobes (AIEF): a novel clinical category and its tentative diagnostic criteria.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yamanouchi H,
|
||
Mizuguchi M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsy Res</span>
|
||
2006 Aug;70 Suppl 1:S263-8.
|
||
Epub 2006 Jul 10
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.11.027.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16829046" target="_blank">16829046</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22infantile%20encephalopathy%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37880470">Thiamine Responsive Acute Infantile Encephalopathy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gurung B,
|
||
Bhutia TD,
|
||
Chettri S,
|
||
Mummadi MK,
|
||
Bondre VP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Pediatr</span>
|
||
2024 Sep;91(9):964-966.
|
||
Epub 2023 Oct 26
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12098-023-04889-y.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37880470" target="_blank">37880470</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33999436">Mutations in HID1 Cause Syndromic Infantile Encephalopathy and Hypopituitarism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schänzer A,
|
||
Achleitner MT,
|
||
Trümbach D,
|
||
Hubert L,
|
||
Munnich A,
|
||
Ahlemeyer B,
|
||
AlAbdulrahim MM,
|
||
Greif PA,
|
||
Vosberg S,
|
||
Hummer B,
|
||
Feichtinger RG,
|
||
Mayr JA,
|
||
Wortmann SB,
|
||
Aichner H,
|
||
Rudnik-Schöneborn S,
|
||
Ruiz A,
|
||
Gabau E,
|
||
Sánchez JP,
|
||
Ellard S,
|
||
Homfray T,
|
||
Stals KL,
|
||
Wurst W,
|
||
Neubauer BA,
|
||
Acker T,
|
||
Bohlander SK,
|
||
Asensio C,
|
||
Besmond C,
|
||
Alkuraya FS,
|
||
AlSayed MD,
|
||
Hahn A,
|
||
Weber A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Neurol</span>
|
||
2021 Jul;90(1):143-158.
|
||
Epub 2021 Jun 5
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ana.26127.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33999436" target="_blank">33999436</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8351430" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28540694">Wernicke's encephalopathy in exclusive breastfed infants.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bhat JI,
|
||
Ahmed QI,
|
||
Ahangar AA,
|
||
Charoo BA,
|
||
Sheikh MA,
|
||
Syed WA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World J Pediatr</span>
|
||
2017 Oct;13(5):485-488.
|
||
Epub 2017 May 24
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12519-017-0039-0.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28540694" target="_blank">28540694</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25204757">Epilepsy and mental retardation restricted to females: X-linked epileptic infantile encephalopathy of unusual inheritance.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Duszyc K,
|
||
Terczynska I,
|
||
Hoffman-Zacharska D</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Appl Genet</span>
|
||
2015 Feb;56(1):49-56.
|
||
Epub 2014 Sep 10
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s13353-014-0243-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25204757" target="_blank">25204757</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6525236">CT-scanning in children with cerebral visual disturbance and its possible relation to hypoxia and ischaemia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Van Nieuwenhuizen O,
|
||
Willemse J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Behav Brain Res</span>
|
||
1984 Nov;14(2):143-5.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(84)90182-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6525236" target="_blank">6525236</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infantile%20encephalopathy%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (17)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34845156">Variable neurological phenotypes of homocystinuria caused by biallelic methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase variants.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Moirangthem A,
|
||
Saxena D,
|
||
Masih S,
|
||
Shambhavi A,
|
||
Nilay M,
|
||
Phadke SR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dysmorphol</span>
|
||
2022 Apr 1;31(2):59-65.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/MCD.0000000000000407.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34845156" target="_blank">34845156</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27268762">Acute Infantile Encephalopathy as Presentation of Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zeiger WA,
|
||
Sun LR,
|
||
Bosemani T,
|
||
Pearl PL,
|
||
Stafstrom CE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
|
||
2016 May;58:113-5.
|
||
Epub 2015 Nov 14
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.10.009.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27268762" target="_blank">27268762</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23622196">Neonatal seizures.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Plouin P,
|
||
Kaminska A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
||
2013;111:467-76.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00051-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23622196" target="_blank">23622196</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15021247">The latest on leukodystrophies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schiffmann R,
|
||
van der Knaap MS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Neurol</span>
|
||
2004 Apr;17(2):187-92.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/00019052-200404000-00017.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15021247" target="_blank">15021247</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12949965">PEHO and PEHO-like syndromes: report of five Australian cases.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Field MJ,
|
||
Grattan-Smith P,
|
||
Piper SM,
|
||
Thompson EM,
|
||
Haan EA,
|
||
Edwards M,
|
||
James S,
|
||
Wilkinson I,
|
||
Adès LC</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
|
||
2003 Sep 15;122A(1):6-12.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20216.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12949965" target="_blank">12949965</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infantile%20encephalopathy%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (41)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37880470">Thiamine Responsive Acute Infantile Encephalopathy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gurung B,
|
||
Bhutia TD,
|
||
Chettri S,
|
||
Mummadi MK,
|
||
Bondre VP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Pediatr</span>
|
||
2024 Sep;91(9):964-966.
|
||
Epub 2023 Oct 26
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12098-023-04889-y.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37880470" target="_blank">37880470</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36693417">Recurrent Sensory-Motor Neuropathy Mimicking CIDP as Predominant Presentation of PDH Deficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Croci C,
|
||
Cataldi M,
|
||
Baratto S,
|
||
Bruno C,
|
||
Trucco F,
|
||
Doccini S,
|
||
Romano A,
|
||
Nesti C,
|
||
Santorelli FM,
|
||
Fiorillo C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuropediatrics</span>
|
||
2023 Jun;54(3):211-216.
|
||
Epub 2023 Jan 24
|
||
doi: 10.1055/a-2018-4845.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36693417" target="_blank">36693417</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34845156">Variable neurological phenotypes of homocystinuria caused by biallelic methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase variants.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Moirangthem A,
|
||
Saxena D,
|
||
Masih S,
|
||
Shambhavi A,
|
||
Nilay M,
|
||
Phadke SR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dysmorphol</span>
|
||
2022 Apr 1;31(2):59-65.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/MCD.0000000000000407.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34845156" target="_blank">34845156</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22938964">Animal models.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Coppola A,
|
||
Moshé SL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
||
2012;107:63-98.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52898-8.00004-5.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22938964" target="_blank">22938964</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17784537">Acute encephalopathy associated with influenza and other viral infections.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mizuguchi M,
|
||
Yamanouchi H,
|
||
Ichiyama T,
|
||
Shiomi M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neurol Scand Suppl</span>
|
||
2007;186:45-56.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17784537" target="_blank">17784537</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infantile%20encephalopathy%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (10)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34717047">Infantile-onset myoclonic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: A new RARS2 phenotype.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">de Valles-Ibáñez G,
|
||
Hildebrand MS,
|
||
Bahlo M,
|
||
King C,
|
||
Coleman M,
|
||
Green TE,
|
||
Goldsmith J,
|
||
Davis S,
|
||
Gill D,
|
||
Mandelstam S,
|
||
Scheffer IE,
|
||
Sadleir LG</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia Open</span>
|
||
2022 Mar;7(1):170-180.
|
||
Epub 2021 Nov 18
|
||
doi: 10.1002/epi4.12553.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34717047" target="_blank">34717047</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8886097" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23878101">Novel mutations in SCO1 as a cause of fatal infantile encephalopathy and lactic acidosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leary SC,
|
||
Antonicka H,
|
||
Sasarman F,
|
||
Weraarpachai W,
|
||
Cobine PA,
|
||
Pan M,
|
||
Brown GK,
|
||
Brown R,
|
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Majewski J,
|
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Ha KC,
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Rahman S,
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Shoubridge EA</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
|
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2013 Oct;34(10):1366-70.
|
||
Epub 2013 Aug 12
|
||
doi: 10.1002/humu.22385.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23878101" target="_blank">23878101</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23622196">Neonatal seizures.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Plouin P,
|
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Kaminska A</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
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2013;111:467-76.
|
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doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00051-8.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23622196" target="_blank">23622196</a></div>
|
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|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22564885">Neurological findings in incontinentia pigmenti; a review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Meuwissen ME,
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Mancini GM</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Med Genet</span>
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2012 May;55(5):323-31.
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Epub 2012 May 4
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doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.04.007.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22564885" target="_blank">22564885</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2018041">Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: involvement of the mitochondrial ND1 gene and evidence for an intragenic suppressor mutation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Howell N,
|
||
Kubacka I,
|
||
Xu M,
|
||
McCullough DA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
|
||
1991 May;48(5):935-42.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2018041" target="_blank">2018041</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1683051" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infantile%20encephalopathy%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (27)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39589822">AAV9/SLC6A1 gene therapy rescues abnormal EEG patterns and cognitive behavioral deficiencies in Slc6a1-/- mice.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Guo W,
|
||
Rioux M,
|
||
Shaffo F,
|
||
Hu Y,
|
||
Yu Z,
|
||
Xing C,
|
||
Gray SJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Invest</span>
|
||
2024 Nov 26;135(3)
|
||
doi: 10.1172/JCI182235.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39589822" target="_blank">39589822</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11785923" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34717047">Infantile-onset myoclonic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: A new RARS2 phenotype.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">de Valles-Ibáñez G,
|
||
Hildebrand MS,
|
||
Bahlo M,
|
||
King C,
|
||
Coleman M,
|
||
Green TE,
|
||
Goldsmith J,
|
||
Davis S,
|
||
Gill D,
|
||
Mandelstam S,
|
||
Scheffer IE,
|
||
Sadleir LG</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia Open</span>
|
||
2022 Mar;7(1):170-180.
|
||
Epub 2021 Nov 18
|
||
doi: 10.1002/epi4.12553.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34717047" target="_blank">34717047</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8886097" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33392778">Loss of PIGK function causes severe infantile encephalopathy and extensive neuronal apoptosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen X,
|
||
Yin W,
|
||
Chen S,
|
||
Zhang W,
|
||
Li H,
|
||
Kuang H,
|
||
Zhou M,
|
||
Teng Y,
|
||
Zhang J,
|
||
Shen G,
|
||
Liang D,
|
||
Li Z,
|
||
Hu B,
|
||
Wu L</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Genet</span>
|
||
2021 May;140(5):791-803.
|
||
Epub 2021 Jan 4
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00439-020-02243-2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33392778" target="_blank">33392778</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28540694">Wernicke's encephalopathy in exclusive breastfed infants.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bhat JI,
|
||
Ahmed QI,
|
||
Ahangar AA,
|
||
Charoo BA,
|
||
Sheikh MA,
|
||
Syed WA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World J Pediatr</span>
|
||
2017 Oct;13(5):485-488.
|
||
Epub 2017 May 24
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12519-017-0039-0.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28540694" target="_blank">28540694</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27770805">A disease spectrum for ITPA variation: advances in biochemical and clinical research.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burgis NE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Biomed Sci</span>
|
||
2016 Oct 22;23(1):73.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/s12929-016-0291-y.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27770805" target="_blank">27770805</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5075207" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infantile%20encephalopathy%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (31)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Infantile%20encephalopathy" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22infantile%20encephalopathy%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=Infantile%20encephalopathy" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
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<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67cf3379b15b832ebca1fe04">Infantile encephalopathy</a>
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