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<meta name="keywords" content="C1844577, finding, finger joint hyperextensibility, hyperextensibility of the finger joints, hyperextensible digits, hyperextensible finger, hyperextensible fingers, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="The ability of the finger joints to move beyond their normal range of motion." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Hyperextensibility of the finger joints (Concept Id: C1844577)
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<!--
UID=334982
ConceptID=C1844577
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Hyperextensibility of the finger joints</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334982</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1844577</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Finger joint hyperextensibility; Hyperextensible digits; Hyperextensible finger; Hyperextensible fingers</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001187">HP:0001187</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">The ability of the finger joints to move beyond their normal range of motion. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1844577[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=334982">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=334982" ref="ncbi_uid=334982">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Hyperextensibility of the finger joints</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1728335" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal musculoskeletal physiology">Abnormal musculoskeletal physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841757" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal joint physiology">Abnormal joint physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868806" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of joint mobility">Abnormality of joint mobility</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/336793" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Joint hypermobility">Joint hypermobility</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1863538" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Small joint hypermobilty">Small joint hypermobilty</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/154359" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Finger joint hypermobility">Finger joint hypermobility</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Hyperextensibility of the finger joints</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870785" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Proximal finger joint hyperextensibility">Proximal finger joint hyperextensibility</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_61234"><div><strong>Aarskog syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>61234</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175701</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Aarskog-Scott syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the development of many parts of the body, most commonly the head and face, the hands and feet, and the genitals and urinary system (genitourinary tract). This condition mainly affects males, although females may have mild features of the syndrome.\n\nPeople with Aarskog-Scott syndrome often have distinctive facial features, such as widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), a small nose, a long area between the nose and mouth (philtrum), and a widow's peak hairline. They frequently have mild to moderate short stature during childhood, but their growth usually catches up with that of their peers during puberty. Hand abnormalities are common in this syndrome and include short fingers (brachydactyly), curved pinky fingers (fifth finger clinodactyly), webbing of the skin between some fingers (cutaneous syndactyly), and a single crease across the palm. Affected individuals can also have wide, flat feet with broad, rounded toes. Other abnormalities in people with Aarskog-Scott syndrome include heart defects and a split in the upper lip (cleft lip) with or without an opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate).\n\nMost males with Aarskog-Scott syndrome have a shawl scrotum, in which the scrotum surrounds the penis instead of hanging below. Less often, they have undescended testes (cryptorchidism) or a soft out-pouching around the belly-button (umbilical hernia) or in the lower abdomen (inguinal hernia).\n\nThe intellectual development of people with Aarskog-Scott syndrome varies widely. Most individuals with Aarskog-Scott syndrome have normal intelligence; however, some may have mild learning and behavior problems, and in rare cases, severe intellectual disability has been reported.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/61234">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75556"><div><strong>Coffin-Lowry syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75556</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265252</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The phenotypic spectrum associated with RPS6KA3 pathogenic variants is a continuum. Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS) classically manifests in males with developmental delay, intellectual disability, neurologic manifestations (hypotonia, stimulus-induced drop attacks, spastic paraparesis, and seizures), musculoskeletal manifestations (kyphoscoliosis and pectus deformity), and characteristic craniofacial and hand findings. Dental issues, sensorineural hearing loss, and obstructive sleep apnea also occur. The milder end of the continuum in males includes neurodevelopmental disabilities with or without less pronounced multisystem involvement. Heterozygous females often exhibit clinical manifestations that can be consistent with clinically defined CLS but are typically less severe than those seen in affected males. Developmental delay and intellectual disability comprise the core phenotypic findings, and quality of life and prognosis are variably affected by the presence and severity of neurologic and musculoskeletal involvement.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75556">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78654"><div><strong>Farber lipogranulomatosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78654</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268255</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The spectrum of ASAH1-related disorders ranges from Farber disease (FD) to spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME). Classic FD is characterized by onset in the first weeks of life of painful, progressive deformity of the major joints; palpable subcutaneous nodules of joints and mechanical pressure points; and a hoarse cry resulting from granulomas of the larynx and epiglottis. Life expectancy is usually less than two years. In the other less common types of FD, onset, severity, and primary manifestations vary. SMA-PME is characterized by early-childhood-onset progressive lower motor neuron disease manifest typically between ages three and seven years as proximal lower-extremity weakness, followed by progressive myoclonic and atonic seizures, tremulousness/tremor, and sensorineural hearing loss. Myoclonic epilepsy typically begins in late childhood after the onset of weakness and can include jerking of the upper limbs, action myoclonus, myoclonic status, and eyelid myoclonus. Other findings include generalized tremor, and cognitive decline. The time from disease onset to death from respiratory complications is usually five to 15 years.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78654">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78660"><div><strong>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic type, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78660</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268335</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (cEDS) is a heritable connective tissue disorder characterized by skin hyperextensibility, atrophic scarring, and generalized joint hypermobility (GJH). The skin is soft, velvety, or doughy to the touch. In addition, the skin is hyperextensible, meaning that it extends easily and snaps back after release. The skin is fragile, as manifested by splitting of the dermis following relatively minor trauma, especially over pressure points (knees, elbows) and areas prone to trauma (shins, forehead, chin). Wound healing is poor, and stretching, thinning, and pigmentation of scars is characteristic, leading to the presence of atrophic and/or hemosiderotic scars. Easy bruising is also a hallmark of cEDS. GJH is present in most but not all affected individuals, evidenced by the presence of a Beighton score of five or greater, either on examination or historically. Joint instability complications may comprise sprains and dislocations/subluxations. Mild muscle hypotonia with delayed motor development, fatigue and muscle cramps, and some skeletal morphologic alterations (scoliosis, pectus deformities, genus/hallux valgus, pes planus) are regularly observed. While aortic root dilatation and mitral valve prolapse are seen in cEDS, they are rarely clinically significant. Arterial aneurysm and rupture have been reported in a few individuals with cEDS.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78660">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98149"><div><strong>Geroderma osteodysplastica</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98149</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0432255</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Geroderma osteodysplasticum (GO) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by skin wrinkling limited to the dorsa of hands and feet and to the abdomen, bowed long bones, and osteopenia with frequent fractures. There is a distinctive facial appearance with droopy skin at the cheeks, maxillary hypoplasia, and large ears. Adult patients appear prematurely aged (summary by Rajab et al., 2008).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98149">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98483"><div><strong>Lenz-Majewski hyperostosis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98483</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0432269</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lenz-Majewski hyperostotic dwarfism is a rare condition characterized by intellectual disability, sclerosing bone dysplasia, distinct craniofacial and dental anomalies, loose skin, and distal limb anomalies, particularly brachydactyly and symphalangism. Patients have multiple radiographic abnormalities due to progressive generalized hyperostosis that affects the cranium, vertebrae, and diaphyses of tubular bones, leading to severe growth retardation (summary by Sousa et al., 2014).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98483">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_108454"><div><strong>Costello syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>108454</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0587248</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">While the majority of individuals with HRAS-related Costello syndrome (Costello syndrome) share characteristic findings affecting multiple organ systems, the phenotypic spectrum is wide, ranging from a mild or attenuated phenotype to a severe phenotype with early-lethal complications. Costello syndrome is typically characterized by failure to thrive in infancy as a result of severe postnatal feeding difficulties; short stature; developmental delay or intellectual disability; coarse facial features (full lips, large mouth, full nasal tip); curly or sparse, fine hair; loose, soft skin with deep palmar and plantar creases; papillomata of the face and perianal region; diffuse hypotonia and joint laxity with ulnar deviation of the wrists and fingers; tight Achilles tendons; and cardiac involvement including cardiac hypertrophy (usually hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), congenital heart defects (usually valvular pulmonic stenosis), and arrhythmia (usually supraventricular tachycardia, especially abnormal atrial rhythm / multifocal atrial tachycardia or ectopic atrial tachycardia). Relative or absolute macrocephaly is typical, and postnatal cerebellar overgrowth can result in the development of a Chiari I malformation with associated anomalies including hydrocephalus or syringomyelia. Individuals with Costello syndrome have an approximately 15% lifetime risk for malignant tumors including rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma in young children and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in adolescents and young adults.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/108454">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_167096"><div><strong>X-linked intellectual disability with marfanoid habitus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>167096</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796022</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">MED12-related disorders include the phenotypes of FG syndrome type 1 (FGS1), Lujan syndrome (LS), X-linked Ohdo syndrome (XLOS), Hardikar syndrome (HS), and nonspecific intellectual disability (NSID). FGS1 and LS share the clinical findings of cognitive impairment, hypotonia, and abnormalities of the corpus callosum. FGS1 is further characterized by absolute or relative macrocephaly, tall forehead, downslanted palpebral fissures, small and simple ears, constipation and/or anal anomalies, broad thumbs and halluces, and characteristic behavior. LS is further characterized by large head, tall thin body habitus, long thin face, prominent nasal bridge, high narrow palate, and short philtrum. Carrier females in families with FGS1 and LS are typically unaffected. XLOS is characterized by intellectual disability, blepharophimosis, and facial coarsening. HS has been described in females with cleft lip and/or cleft palate, biliary and liver anomalies, intestinal malrotation, pigmentary retinopathy, and coarctation of the aorta. Developmental and cognitive concerns have not been reported in females with HS. Pathogenic variants in MED12 have been reported in an increasing number of males and females with NSID, with affected individuals often having clinical features identified in other MED12-related disorders.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/167096">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_162918"><div><strong>Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Snyder type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>162918</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796160</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS) is an X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by asthenic build, facial dysmorphism with a prominent lower lip, kyphoscoliosis, osteoporosis, speech abnormalities, and seizures. Developmental delay usually presents as failure to meet early developmental milestones and then evolves to moderate to profound intellectual disability (which appears to remain stable over time) and variable motor disability. Asthenic habitus and low muscle mass usually develop during the first year, even in males who are ambulatory. During the first decade, males with SRS develop osteoporosis, resulting in fractures in the absence of trauma.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/162918">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_208672"><div><strong>Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Golden type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>208672</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796172</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare primary bone dysplasia disorder with characteristics of severe short stature, coarse facies, thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis and enlarged joints with contractures. Psychomotor delay and intellectual disability may also be associated. Radiographic features include flat vertebral bodies, lacy ossification of the metaphyses of long bones and iliac crests, and marked sclerosis of the skull base.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/208672">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_266149"><div><strong>Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>266149</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1275081</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is characterized by cardiac abnormalities (pulmonic stenosis and other valve dysplasias, septal defects, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, rhythm disturbances), distinctive craniofacial appearance, and cutaneous abnormalities (including xerosis, hyperkeratosis, ichthyosis, keratosis pilaris, ulerythema ophryogenes, eczema, pigmented moles, hemangiomas, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis). The hair is typically sparse, curly, fine or thick, and woolly or brittle; eyelashes and eyebrows may be absent or sparse. Nails may be dystrophic or fast growing. Affected individuals typically have some form of neurologic and/or cognitive delay (ranging from mild to severe). Most individuals have severe feeding issues, which can contribute to poor growth, and many require nasogastric or gastrostomy tube feeding. Many affected individuals have eye findings, including strabismus, nystagmus, refractive errors, and optic nerve hypoplasia. Seizures may be present and can be refractory to therapy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/266149">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_366028"><div><strong>Angel-shaped phalango-epiphyseal dysplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>366028</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1739384</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A form of acromelic dysplasia with the distinctive radiological sign of angel-shaped middle phalanges, a typical metacarpophalangeal pattern profile (mainly affecting first metacarpals and middle phalanges of second, third and fifth digits which all appear short), epiphyseal changes in the hips and in some, abnormal dentition and delayed bone age. A rare disease with less than 20 cases reported in the literature, however, it is likely under diagnosed. Caused by mutations in the growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene, located on chromosome 20q11.2, encoding CDMP1 (cartilage derived morphogenetic protein). CDMP1 belongs to the TGF beta super family and plays a role in bone growth and joint morphogenesis. Transmitted as an autosomal dominant condition.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/366028">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_323046"><div><strong>Marfanoid habitus with situs inversus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>323046</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836994</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/323046">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_342092"><div><strong>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type 7B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342092</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1851801</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of disorders that affect connective tissues supporting the skin, bones, blood vessels, and many other organs and tissues. Defects in connective tissues cause the signs and symptoms of these conditions, which range from mildly loose joints to life-threatening complications.\n\nThe various forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have been classified in several different ways. Originally, 11 forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were named using Roman numerals to indicate the types (type I, type II, and so on). In 1997, researchers proposed a simpler classification (the Villefranche nomenclature) that reduced the number of types to six and gave them descriptive names based on their major features. In 2017, the classification was updated to include rare forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that were identified more recently. The 2017 classification describes 13 types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.\n\nAn unusually large range of joint movement (hypermobility) occurs in most forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and it is a hallmark feature of the hypermobile type. Infants and children with hypermobility often have weak muscle tone (hypotonia), which can delay the development of motor skills such as sitting, standing, and walking. The loose joints are unstable and prone to dislocation and chronic pain. In the arthrochalasia type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, infants have hypermobility and dislocations of both hips at birth.\n\nMany people with the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes have soft, velvety skin that is highly stretchy (elastic) and fragile. Affected individuals tend to bruise easily, and some types of the condition also cause abnormal scarring. People with the classical form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome experience wounds that split open with little bleeding and leave scars that widen over time to create characteristic "cigarette paper" scars. The dermatosparaxis type of the disorder is characterized by loose skin that sags and wrinkles, and extra (redundant) folds of skin may be present.\n\nOther types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have additional signs and symptoms. The cardiac-valvular type causes severe problems with the valves that control the movement of blood through the heart. People with the kyphoscoliotic type experience severe curvature of the spine that worsens over time and can interfere with breathing by restricting lung expansion. A type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome called brittle cornea syndrome is characterized by thinness of the clear covering of the eye (the cornea) and other eye abnormalities. The spondylodysplastic type features short stature and skeletal abnormalities such as abnormally curved (bowed) limbs. Abnormalities of muscles, including hypotonia and permanently bent joints (contractures), are among the characteristic signs of the musculocontractural and myopathic forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The periodontal type causes abnormalities of the teeth and gums.\n\nBleeding problems are common in the vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and are caused by unpredictable tearing (rupture) of blood vessels and organs. These complications can lead to easy bruising, internal bleeding, a hole in the wall of the intestine (intestinal perforation), or stroke. During pregnancy, women with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome may experience rupture of the uterus. Additional forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that involve rupture of the blood vessels include the kyphoscoliotic, classical, and classical-like types.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342092">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419332"><div><strong>Osteogenesis imperfecta type 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419332</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2931093</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility and low bone mass. Due to considerable phenotypic variability, Sillence et al. (1979) developed a classification of OI subtypes based on clinical features and disease severity: OI type I, with blue sclerae (166200); perinatal lethal OI type II, also known as congenital OI (166210); OI type III, a progressively deforming form with normal sclerae (259420); and OI type IV, with normal sclerae (166220). Most forms of OI are autosomal dominant with mutations in one of the 2 genes that code for type I collagen alpha chains, COL1A1 (120150) and COL1A2 (120160).&#13; Glorieux et al. (2000) described a novel autosomal dominant form of OI, which they designated OI type V (OI5), in 7 patients. The disorder was similar to OI type IV but had distinctive clinical, histologic, and molecular characteristics. OI type V is characterized by calcification of the forearm interosseous membrane, radial head dislocation, a subphyseal metaphyseal radiodense line, and hyperplastic callus formation (summary by Cho et al., 2012). OI type V has a variable phenotype. For example, in patients with the more common c.-14C-T variant (614757.0001), distinctive radiographic findings (calcification of the forearm interosseous membrane, radial head dislocation, a subphyseal metaphyseal radiodense line, and hyperplastic callus formation) are often seen, whereas these findings are not seen in patients with the less common S40L variant (614757.0002).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419332">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462783"><div><strong>Osteogenesis imperfecta type 12</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462783</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151433</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) comprises a group of connective tissue disorders characterized by bone fragility and low bone mass. The disorder is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. OI type XII is an autosomal recessive form characterized by recurrent fractures, mild bone deformations, generalized osteoporosis, delayed teeth eruption, progressive hearing loss, no dentinogenesis imperfecta, and white sclerae (summary by Lapunzina et al., 2010).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462783">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934763"><div><strong>Progeroid and marfanoid aspect-lipodystrophy syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934763</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310796</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The marfanoid-progeroid-lipodystrophy syndrome (MFLS) is characterized by congenital lipodystrophy, premature birth with an accelerated linear growth disproportionate to weight gain, and progeroid appearance with distinct facial features, including proptosis, downslanting palpebral fissures, and retrognathia. Other characteristic features include arachnodactyly, digital hyperextensibility, myopia, dural ectasia, and normal psychomotor development (Takenouchi et al., 2013).&#13; Takenouchi et al. (2013) noted phenotypic overlap with Marfan syndrome (154700) and Shprintzen-Goldberg craniosynostosis syndrome (182212).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934763">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1639277"><div><strong>Zimmermann-Laband syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1639277</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551773</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Zimmermann-Laband syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by gingival fibromatosis, dysplastic or absent nails, hypoplasia of the distal phalanges, scoliosis, hepatosplenomegaly, hirsutism, and abnormalities of the cartilage of the nose and/or ears (summary by Balasubramanian and Parker, 2010).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Zimmermann-Laband Syndrome&#13; ZLS2 (616455) is caused by mutation in the ATP6V1B2 gene (606939) on chromosome 8p21. ZLS3 (618658) is caused by mutation in the KCNN3 gene (602983) on chromosome 1q21.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1639277">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1674767"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with central and peripheral motor dysfunction</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1674767</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193049</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with central and peripheral motor dysfunction (NEDCPMD) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder with a highly variable phenotype. At the severe end of the spectrum, patients may have hypotonia apparent from birth, necessitating mechanical respiration and tube-feeding, and global developmental delay with absence of reaction to touch and no eye contact. At the mild end of the spectrum, patients may present with infantile-onset progressive ataxia and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. The disorder is caused by mutation in the NFASC gene, which has several neuronal- and glial-specific transcripts. The variable clinical phenotype may be caused by several factors, including the severity of the mutation, the selective involvement of distinct isoforms by pathogenic variants, and the presence of genetic modifiers (summary by Monfrini et al., 2019).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1674767">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1720321"><div><strong>Rhizomelic limb shortening with dysmorphic features</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1720321</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5394173</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Rhizomelic limb shortening with dysmorphic features (RLSDF) is characterized by rhizomelic shortening of the extremities, predominantly of the upper limbs, and variable dysmorphic features, including macrocephaly, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, depressed or broad nasal bridge, and micrognathia. Hearing loss has also been observed (Sajan et al., 2019; Pagnamenta et al., 2023).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1720321">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794184"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and dysmorphic facies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794184</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5561974</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and dysmorphic facies (NEDHYDF) is characterized by global developmental delay and hypotonia apparent from birth. Affected individuals have variably impaired intellectual development, often with speech delay and delayed walking. Seizures are generally not observed, although some patients may have single seizures or late-onset epilepsy. Most patients have prominent dysmorphic facial features. Additional features may include congenital cardiac defects (without arrhythmia), nonspecific renal anomalies, joint contractures or joint hyperextensibility, dry skin, and cryptorchidism. There is significant phenotypic variability in both the neurologic and extraneurologic manifestations (summary by Tan et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794184">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1807420"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with central hypotonia and dysmorphic facies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1807420</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676944</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with central hypotonia and dysmorphic facies (NEDCHF) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by global developmental delay, impaired intellectual development, seizures, distinctive facial features, scoliosis, delayed closure of the anterior fontanel, and nonspecific brain abnormalities (Wakeling et al., 2021).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1807420">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1808104"><div><strong>Craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, and impaired intellectual development 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1808104</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5677021</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, and impaired intellectual development syndrome-1 (CFSMR1) is characterized by cranial involvement with macrocrania at birth, brachycephaly, anomalies of middle fossa structures including hypoplasia of corpus callosum, enlargement of septum pellucidum, and dilated lateral ventricles, as well as cortical atrophy and hypodensity of the gray matter. Facial dysmorphisms include flat face, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, synophrys, broad nasal bridge, cleft lip and cleft palate, and low-set posteriorly rotated ears. Patients also exhibit short neck and multiple costal and vertebral anomalies. The face is rather characteristic, and various authors have consistently reported affable/friendly personality, despite intellectual delay (summary by Alanay et al., 2014).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Craniofacial Dysmorphism, Skeletal Anomalies, and Impaired Intellectual Development Syndrome&#13; CFSMR2 (616994) is caused by mutation in the RAB5IF gene (619960) on chromosome 20q11.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1808104">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1863661"><div><strong>Neuroocular syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1863661</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5925133</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neuroocular syndrome-1 (NOC1) encompasses a broad spectrum of overlapping anomalies, with developmental delay or impaired intellectual development as a consistent finding. Eye abnormalities show marked variability in the type and severity of defects, and include anophthalmia, microphthalmia, and coloboma. Other common systemic features include congenital heart and kidney defects, hypotonia, failure to thrive, and microcephaly (summary by Chowdhury et al., 2021).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Neuroocular Syndrome&#13; See also NOC2 (168885), caused by mutation in the DAGLA gene (614015) on chromosome 11q12.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1863661">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1854940"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder, x-linked, syndromic 37</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1854940</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5935567</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder-37 (MRXS37) is a developmental disorder showing phenotypic variability and variable severity. Male mutation carriers tend to be more severely affected than female mutation carriers, some of whom may even be asymptomatic. In general, the disorder is characterized by global developmental delay with delayed walking, speech delay, impaired intellectual development that ranges from borderline low to moderate, and behavioral abnormalities, such as autism and sleeping difficulties. Many patients are able to attend mainstream schools with assistance and work under supervision. Additional more variable features include sensorineural hearing loss, ocular anomalies, feeding difficulties, dysmorphic facial features, inguinal and umbilical hernia, genitourinary defects, congenital heart defects, musculoskeletal anomalies, and endocrine dysfunction, such as hypogonadism or hyperparathyroidism (Shepherdson et al., 2024).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1854940">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_61234" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aarskog syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_366028" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Angel-shaped phalango-epiphyseal dysplasia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_266149" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75556" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Coffin-Lowry syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_108454" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Costello syndrome</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (25)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1808104" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, and impaired intellectual development 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_342092" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type 7B</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78660" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic type, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78654" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Farber lipogranulomatosis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98149" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Geroderma osteodysplastica</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1854940" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder, x-linked, syndromic 37</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98483" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lenz-Majewski hyperostosis syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_323046" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Marfanoid habitus with situs inversus</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1674767" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with central and peripheral motor dysfunction</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1807420" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with central hypotonia and dysmorphic facies</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794184" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and dysmorphic facies</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1863661" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neuroocular syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462783" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteogenesis imperfecta type 12</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_419332" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteogenesis imperfecta type 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934763" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progeroid and marfanoid aspect-lipodystrophy syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1720321" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rhizomelic limb shortening with dysmorphic features</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_208672" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Golden type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_162918" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Snyder type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_167096" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked intellectual disability with marfanoid habitus</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1639277" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Zimmermann-Laband syndrome 1</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30882419">Dorsal Block Splinting of Volar Plate Injuries at Neutral Position.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stanley EA,
Seifman MA,
Mills B,
Fay P,
Thomas DJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Plast Surg</span>
2019 May;82(5):520-522.
doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000001820.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30882419" target="_blank">30882419</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26143967">Surgical Techniques for Correction of Traumatic Hyperextension Instability of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Biomechanical Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Micev AJ,
Saucedo JM,
Kalainov DM,
Wang L,
Ma M,
Yaffe MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Am</span>
2015 Aug;40(8):1631-7.
Epub 2015 Jul 3
doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2015.05.011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26143967" target="_blank">26143967</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18580519">Surgical outcome of volar plate arthroplasty of the proximal interphalangeal joint using the Mitek micro GII suture anchor.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee LS,
Lee HM,
Hou YT,
Hung ST,
Chen JK,
Shih JT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Trauma</span>
2008 Jul;65(1):116-22.
doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181454ad4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18580519" target="_blank">18580519</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16902295">Missing creases of distal finger joints as a diagnostic clue of nail-patella syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Itin PH,
Eich G,
Fistarol SK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatology</span>
2006;213(2):153-5.
doi: 10.1159/000093857.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16902295" target="_blank">16902295</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2018071">Heterozygous fragile X female: historical, physical, cognitive, and cytogenetic features.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cronister A,
Schreiner R,
Wittenberger M,
Amiri K,
Harris K,
Hagerman RJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet</span>
1991 Feb-Mar;38(2-3):269-74.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320380221.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2018071" target="_blank">2018071</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperextensibility%20of%20the%20finger%20joints%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34815299">Clinical and molecular features of 66 patients with musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in CHST14 (mcEDS-CHST14).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Minatogawa M,
Unzaki A,
Morisaki H,
Syx D,
Sonoda T,
Janecke AR,
Slavotinek A,
Voermans NC,
Lacassie Y,
Mendoza-Londono R,
Wierenga KJ,
Jayakar P,
Gahl WA,
Tifft CJ,
Figuera LE,
Hilhorst-Hofstee Y,
Maugeri A,
Ishikawa K,
Kobayashi T,
Aoki Y,
Ohura T,
Kawame H,
Kono M,
Mochida K,
Tokorodani C,
Kikkawa K,
Morisaki T,
Kobayashi T,
Nakane T,
Kubo A,
Ranells JD,
Migita O,
Sobey G,
Kaur A,
Ishikawa M,
Yamaguchi T,
Matsumoto N,
Malfait F,
Miyake N,
Kosho T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2022 Sep;59(9):865-877.
Epub 2021 Nov 23
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107623.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34815299" target="_blank">34815299</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9411915" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31775249">Novel TNXB Variants in Two Italian Patients with Classical-Like Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Micale L,
Guarnieri V,
Augello B,
Palumbo O,
Agolini E,
Sofia VM,
Mazza T,
Novelli A,
Carella M,
Castori M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genes (Basel)</span>
2019 Nov 25;10(12)
doi: 10.3390/genes10120967.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31775249" target="_blank">31775249</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6947605" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16902295">Missing creases of distal finger joints as a diagnostic clue of nail-patella syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Itin PH,
Eich G,
Fistarol SK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatology</span>
2006;213(2):153-5.
doi: 10.1159/000093857.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16902295" target="_blank">16902295</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9031799">Diagnosis of trichothiodystrophy in 2 siblings.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bracun R,
Hemmer W,
Wolf-Abdolvahab S,
Focke M,
Botzi C,
Killian W,
Götz M,
Jarisch R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatology</span>
1997;194(1):74-6.
doi: 10.1159/000246064.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9031799" target="_blank">9031799</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8322809">Aarskog syndrome: report of a family with review and discussion of nosology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Teebi AS,
Rucquoi JK,
Meyn MS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet</span>
1993 Jun 15;46(5):501-9.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320460508.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8322809" target="_blank">8322809</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperextensibility%20of%20the%20finger%20joints%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26143967">Surgical Techniques for Correction of Traumatic Hyperextension Instability of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Biomechanical Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Micev AJ,
Saucedo JM,
Kalainov DM,
Wang L,
Ma M,
Yaffe MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Am</span>
2015 Aug;40(8):1631-7.
Epub 2015 Jul 3
doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2015.05.011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26143967" target="_blank">26143967</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21258811">Peripartum anesthetic management of a patient with brittle cornea syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ioscovich A,
Grisaru-Granovsky S,
Halpern S,
Shapiro Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Gynecol Obstet</span>
2011 Mar;283 Suppl 1:49-52.
Epub 2011 Jan 22
doi: 10.1007/s00404-011-1838-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21258811" target="_blank">21258811</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11883867">Abnormalities of GH secretion in a young girl with Floating-Harbor syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cannavò S,
Bartolone L,
Lapa D,
Venturino M,
Almoto B,
Violi A,
Trimarchi F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Endocrinol Invest</span>
2002 Jan;25(1):58-64.
doi: 10.1007/BF03343962.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11883867" target="_blank">11883867</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperextensibility%20of%20the%20finger%20joints%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31775249">Novel TNXB Variants in Two Italian Patients with Classical-Like Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Micale L,
Guarnieri V,
Augello B,
Palumbo O,
Agolini E,
Sofia VM,
Mazza T,
Novelli A,
Carella M,
Castori M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genes (Basel)</span>
2019 Nov 25;10(12)
doi: 10.3390/genes10120967.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31775249" target="_blank">31775249</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6947605" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16902295">Missing creases of distal finger joints as a diagnostic clue of nail-patella syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Itin PH,
Eich G,
Fistarol SK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatology</span>
2006;213(2):153-5.
doi: 10.1159/000093857.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16902295" target="_blank">16902295</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9674908">Zimmermann-Laband syndrome in an adult. Long-term follow-up of a patient with vascular and cardiac complications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Robertson SP,
Lipp H,
Bankier A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet</span>
1998 Jun 30;78(2):160-4.
doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980630)78:2&lt;160::aid-ajmg12&gt;3.0.co;2-l.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9674908" target="_blank">9674908</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperextensibility%20of%20the%20finger%20joints%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34815299">Clinical and molecular features of 66 patients with musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in CHST14 (mcEDS-CHST14).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Minatogawa M,
Unzaki A,
Morisaki H,
Syx D,
Sonoda T,
Janecke AR,
Slavotinek A,
Voermans NC,
Lacassie Y,
Mendoza-Londono R,
Wierenga KJ,
Jayakar P,
Gahl WA,
Tifft CJ,
Figuera LE,
Hilhorst-Hofstee Y,
Maugeri A,
Ishikawa K,
Kobayashi T,
Aoki Y,
Ohura T,
Kawame H,
Kono M,
Mochida K,
Tokorodani C,
Kikkawa K,
Morisaki T,
Kobayashi T,
Nakane T,
Kubo A,
Ranells JD,
Migita O,
Sobey G,
Kaur A,
Ishikawa M,
Yamaguchi T,
Matsumoto N,
Malfait F,
Miyake N,
Kosho T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2022 Sep;59(9):865-877.
Epub 2021 Nov 23
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107623.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34815299" target="_blank">34815299</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9411915" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31775249">Novel TNXB Variants in Two Italian Patients with Classical-Like Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Micale L,
Guarnieri V,
Augello B,
Palumbo O,
Agolini E,
Sofia VM,
Mazza T,
Novelli A,
Carella M,
Castori M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genes (Basel)</span>
2019 Nov 25;10(12)
doi: 10.3390/genes10120967.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31775249" target="_blank">31775249</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6947605" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16902295">Missing creases of distal finger joints as a diagnostic clue of nail-patella syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Itin PH,
Eich G,
Fistarol SK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatology</span>
2006;213(2):153-5.
doi: 10.1159/000093857.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16902295" target="_blank">16902295</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11883867">Abnormalities of GH secretion in a young girl with Floating-Harbor syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cannavò S,
Bartolone L,
Lapa D,
Venturino M,
Almoto B,
Violi A,
Trimarchi F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Endocrinol Invest</span>
2002 Jan;25(1):58-64.
doi: 10.1007/BF03343962.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11883867" target="_blank">11883867</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9674908">Zimmermann-Laband syndrome in an adult. Long-term follow-up of a patient with vascular and cardiac complications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Robertson SP,
Lipp H,
Bankier A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet</span>
1998 Jun 30;78(2):160-4.
doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980630)78:2&lt;160::aid-ajmg12&gt;3.0.co;2-l.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9674908" target="_blank">9674908</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperextensibility%20of%20the%20finger%20joints%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div></div>
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