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<meta name="keywords" content="C0599035, deficiency of ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferase, deficiency, oat, deficiency, okt, deficiency, ornithine aminotransferase, deficiency, ornithine-delta-aminotransferase, disease or syndrome, high blood ornithine levels, hyperornithinemia, oat - ornithine oxo-acid aminotransferase deficiency, oat deficiency, okt deficiency, ornithine aminotransferase deficiency, ornithine delta aminotransferase deficiency, ornithine keto acid aminotransferase deficiency, ornithine ketoacid aminotransferase deficiency, ornithine ketoacid transaminase deficiency, ornithine oxo-acid aminotransferase deficiency, ornithine-delta-aminotransferase deficiency, ornithine-oxo-acid amino acid transferase deficiency, ornithinemia, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina, which is often shortened to gyrate atrophy, is an inherited disorder characterized by progressive vision loss. People with this disorder have an ongoing loss of cells (atrophy) in the retina, which is the specialized light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye, and in a nearby tissue layer called the choroid. During childhood, they begin experiencing nearsightedness (myopia), difficulty seeing in low light (night blindness), and loss of side (peripheral) vision. Over time, their field of vision continues to narrow, resulting in tunnel vision. Many people with gyrate atrophy also develop clouding of the lens of the eyes (cataracts). These progressive vision changes lead to blindness by about the age of 50.\n\nMost people with gyrate atrophy have no symptoms other than vision loss, but some have additional features of the disorder. Occasionally, newborns with gyrate atrophy develop excess ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia), which may lead to poor feeding, vomiting, seizures, or coma. Neonatal hyperammonemia associated with gyrate atrophy generally responds quickly to treatment and does not recur after the newborn period.\n\nGyrate atrophy usually does not affect intelligence; however, abnormalities may be observed in brain imaging or other neurological testing. In some cases, mild to moderate intellectual disability is associated with gyrate atrophy.\n\nGyrate atrophy may also cause disturbances in the nerves connecting the brain and spinal cord to muscles and sensory cells (peripheral nervous system). In some people with the disorder these abnormalities lead to numbness, tingling, or pain in the hands or feet, while in others they are detectable only by electrical testing of the nerve impulses.\n\nIn some people with gyrate atrophy, a particular type of muscle fibers (type II fibers) break down over time. While this muscle abnormality usually causes no symptoms, it may result in mild weakness." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=109343
ConceptID=C0599035
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Hyperornithinemia</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>109343</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0599035</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Ornithinemia</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Deficiency of ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferase (276426004); Ornithine oxo-acid aminotransferase deficiency (276426004); Ornithine aminotransferase deficiency (276426004); Ornithine ketoacid transaminase deficiency (276426004); OKT deficiency (276426004); Ornithine-oxo-acid amino acid transferase deficiency (276426004); Ornithine-delta-aminotransferase deficiency (276426004); OAT - Ornithine oxo-acid aminotransferase deficiency (276426004); OAT deficiency (276426004); Hyperornithinemia (33985005)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0012026">HP:0012026</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/258870" target="_blank">258870</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina, which is often shortened to gyrate atrophy, is an inherited disorder characterized by progressive vision loss. People with this disorder have an ongoing loss of cells (atrophy) in the retina, which is the specialized light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye, and in a nearby tissue layer called the choroid. During childhood, they begin experiencing nearsightedness (myopia), difficulty seeing in low light (night blindness), and loss of side (peripheral) vision. Over time, their field of vision continues to narrow, resulting in tunnel vision. Many people with gyrate atrophy also develop clouding of the lens of the eyes (cataracts). These progressive vision changes lead to blindness by about the age of 50.<br /><br />Most people with gyrate atrophy have no symptoms other than vision loss, but some have additional features of the disorder. Occasionally, newborns with gyrate atrophy develop excess ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia), which may lead to poor feeding, vomiting, seizures, or coma. Neonatal hyperammonemia associated with gyrate atrophy generally responds quickly to treatment and does not recur after the newborn period.<br /><br />Gyrate atrophy usually does not affect intelligence; however, abnormalities may be observed in brain imaging or other neurological testing. In some cases, mild to moderate intellectual disability is associated with gyrate atrophy.<br /><br />Gyrate atrophy may also cause disturbances in the nerves connecting the brain and spinal cord to muscles and sensory cells (peripheral nervous system). In some people with the disorder these abnormalities lead to numbness, tingling, or pain in the hands or feet, while in others they are detectable only by electrical testing of the nerve impulses.<br /><br />In some people with gyrate atrophy, a particular type of muscle fibers (type II fibers) break down over time. While this muscle abnormality usually causes no symptoms, it may result in mild weakness. [from <a title="MedlinePlus Genetics" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" class="defSource" target="_blank">MedlinePlus Genetics</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0599035[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=109343">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=109343" target="_blank" href="/omim/258870">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=109343" ref="ncbi_uid=109343">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Hyperornithinemia</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1701080" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating metabolite concentration">Abnormal circulating metabolite concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1864085" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating organic compound concentration">Abnormal circulating organic compound concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1684666" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating carboxylic acid concentration">Abnormal circulating carboxylic acid concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871177" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating amino acid concentration">Abnormal circulating amino acid concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1744482" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating non-proteinogenic amino acid concentration">Abnormal circulating non-proteinogenic amino acid concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868668" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating ornithine concentration">Abnormal circulating ornithine concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Hyperornithinemia</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=3349&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Hyperornithinemia</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_6695"><div><strong>Ornithine aminotransferase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6695</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018425</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GACR) due to deficiency of ornithine aminotransferase is clinically characterized by a triad of progressive chorioretinal degeneration, early cataract formation, and type II muscle fiber atrophy. Characteristic chorioretinal atrophy with progressive constriction of the visual fields leads to blindness at the latest during the sixth decade of life. Patients generally have normal intelligence (summary by Peltola et al., 2002).&#13; See 238970 for another hyperornithinemia syndrome.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6695">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82815"><div><strong>Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82815</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268540</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is a disorder of the urea cycle and ornithine degradation pathway. Clinical manifestations and age of onset vary among individuals even in the same family. Neonatal onset (~8% of affected individuals). Manifestations of hyperammonemia usually begin 24-48 hours after feeding begins and can include lethargy, somnolence, refusal to feed, vomiting, tachypnea with respiratory alkalosis, and/or seizures. Infantile, childhood, and adult onset (~92%). Affected individuals may present with: Chronic neurocognitive deficits (including developmental delay, ataxia, spasticity, learning disabilities, cognitive deficits, and/or unexplained seizures); Acute encephalopathy secondary to hyperammonemic crisis precipitated by a variety of factors; and Chronic liver dysfunction (unexplained elevation of liver transaminases with or without mild coagulopathy, with or without mild hyperammonemia and protein intolerance). Neurologic findings and cognitive abilities can continue to deteriorate despite early metabolic control that prevents hyperammonemia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82815">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82815" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_6695" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ornithine aminotransferase deficiency</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30982989">Suggested guidelines for the diagnosis and management of urea cycle disorders: First revision.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Häberle J,
Burlina A,
Chakrapani A,
Dixon M,
Karall D,
Lindner M,
Mandel H,
Martinelli D,
Pintos-Morell G,
Santer R,
Skouma A,
Servais A,
Tal G,
Rubio V,
Huemer M,
Dionisi-Vici C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2019 Nov;42(6):1192-1230.
Epub 2019 May 15
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12100.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30982989" target="_blank">30982989</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29094226">Aminoacidopathies: Prevalence, Etiology, Screening, and Treatment Options.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wasim M,
Awan FR,
Khan HN,
Tawab A,
Iqbal M,
Ayesha H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biochem Genet</span>
2018 Apr;56(1-2):7-21.
Epub 2017 Nov 1
doi: 10.1007/s10528-017-9825-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29094226" target="_blank">29094226</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2929667">Potential for the prenatal diagnosis of hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, and homocitrullinuria syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chadefaux B,
Bonnefont JP,
Rabier D,
Shih VE,
Saudubray JM,
Kamoun P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet</span>
1989 Feb;32(2):264.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320320228.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2929667" target="_blank">2929667</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22hyperornithinemia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (7)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33243052">A novel c.980C&gt;G variant in OAT results in identifiable gyrate atrophy phenotype associated with retinal detachment in a young female.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Magliyah M,
Alsalamah AK,
AlOtaibi M,
Nowilaty SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ophthalmic Genet</span>
2021 Apr;42(2):204-208.
Epub 2020 Nov 26
doi: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1843185.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33243052" target="_blank">33243052</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29094226">Aminoacidopathies: Prevalence, Etiology, Screening, and Treatment Options.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wasim M,
Awan FR,
Khan HN,
Tawab A,
Iqbal M,
Ayesha H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biochem Genet</span>
2018 Apr;56(1-2):7-21.
Epub 2017 Nov 1
doi: 10.1007/s10528-017-9825-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29094226" target="_blank">29094226</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22465082">Long-term follow-up of four patients affected by HHH syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kim SZ,
Song WJ,
Nyhan WL,
Ficicioglu C,
Mandell R,
Shih VE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Chim Acta</span>
2012 Jul 11;413(13-14):1151-5.
Epub 2012 Mar 23
doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.03.015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22465082" target="_blank">22465082</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8670789">Heterogeneity and uniqueness of ornithine aminotransferase mutations found in Japanese gyrate atrophy patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mashima Y,
Shiono T,
Tamai M,
Inana G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Eye Res</span>
1996 Jul;15(7):792-6.
doi: 10.3109/02713689609003464.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8670789" target="_blank">8670789</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3684217">Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. The ocular disease progresses in juvenile patients despite normal or near normal plasma ornithine concentration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vannas-Sulonen K,
Simell O,
Sipilä I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ophthalmology</span>
1987 Nov;94(11):1428-33.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3684217" target="_blank">3684217</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperornithinemia%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (27)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32242103">CUGC for hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Martinelli D,
Fiermonte G,
Häberle J,
Boenzi S,
Goffredo BM,
Travaglini L,
Agolini E,
Porcelli V,
Dionisi-Vici C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
2020 Jul;28(7):982-987.
Epub 2020 Apr 2
doi: 10.1038/s41431-020-0616-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32242103" target="_blank">32242103</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7316770" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30982989">Suggested guidelines for the diagnosis and management of urea cycle disorders: First revision.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Häberle J,
Burlina A,
Chakrapani A,
Dixon M,
Karall D,
Lindner M,
Mandel H,
Martinelli D,
Pintos-Morell G,
Santer R,
Skouma A,
Servais A,
Tal G,
Rubio V,
Huemer M,
Dionisi-Vici C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2019 Nov;42(6):1192-1230.
Epub 2019 May 15
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12100.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30982989" target="_blank">30982989</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29844061">Argininemia, Hyperornithinemia, and 3-Hydroxyisovaleric Aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tal G,
Dar DE,
Idin A,
Korman SH,
Dumin E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Chem</span>
2018 Jun;64(6):978-980.
doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.286617.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29844061" target="_blank">29844061</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29094226">Aminoacidopathies: Prevalence, Etiology, Screening, and Treatment Options.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wasim M,
Awan FR,
Khan HN,
Tawab A,
Iqbal M,
Ayesha H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biochem Genet</span>
2018 Apr;56(1-2):7-21.
Epub 2017 Nov 1
doi: 10.1007/s10528-017-9825-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29094226" target="_blank">29094226</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25874378">The hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Martinelli D,
Diodato D,
Ponzi E,
Monné M,
Boenzi S,
Bertini E,
Fiermonte G,
Dionisi-Vici C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2015 Mar 11;10:29.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0242-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25874378" target="_blank">25874378</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4358699" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperornithinemia%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (59)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30058227">Lactate/pyruvate in hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ono H,
Tamada T,
Shigematsu Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Int</span>
2018 Aug;60(8):762-764.
Epub 2018 Jul 30
doi: 10.1111/ped.13608.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30058227" target="_blank">30058227</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7207523">Supplementary creatine as a treatment for gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sipilä I,
Rapola J,
Simell O,
Vannas A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
1981 Apr 9;304(15):867-70.
doi: 10.1056/NEJM198104093041503.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7207523" target="_blank">7207523</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7395865">Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinemia: biochemical and histologic studies and response to vitamin B6.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kennaway NG,
Weleber RG,
Buist NR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
1980 Jul;32(4):529-41.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7395865" target="_blank">7395865</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1686127" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7355975">Clinical and biochemical heterogeneity in gyrate atrophy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kaiser-Kupfer MI,
Valle D,
Bron AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Ophthalmol</span>
1980 Feb;89(2):219-22.
doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(80)90114-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7355975" target="_blank">7355975</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/740364">Ocular and biochemical abnormalities in gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Berson EL,
Schmidt SY,
Shih VE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ophthalmology</span>
1978 Oct;85(10):1018-27.
doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(78)35588-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/740364" target="_blank">740364</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperornithinemia%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (34)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33243052">A novel c.980C&gt;G variant in OAT results in identifiable gyrate atrophy phenotype associated with retinal detachment in a young female.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Magliyah M,
Alsalamah AK,
AlOtaibi M,
Nowilaty SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ophthalmic Genet</span>
2021 Apr;42(2):204-208.
Epub 2020 Nov 26
doi: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1843185.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33243052" target="_blank">33243052</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25874378">The hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Martinelli D,
Diodato D,
Ponzi E,
Monné M,
Boenzi S,
Bertini E,
Fiermonte G,
Dionisi-Vici C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2015 Mar 11;10:29.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0242-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25874378" target="_blank">25874378</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4358699" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22465082">Long-term follow-up of four patients affected by HHH syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kim SZ,
Song WJ,
Nyhan WL,
Ficicioglu C,
Mandell R,
Shih VE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Chim Acta</span>
2012 Jul 11;413(13-14):1151-5.
Epub 2012 Mar 23
doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.03.015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22465082" target="_blank">22465082</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3684217">Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. The ocular disease progresses in juvenile patients despite normal or near normal plasma ornithine concentration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vannas-Sulonen K,
Simell O,
Sipilä I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ophthalmology</span>
1987 Nov;94(11):1428-33.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3684217" target="_blank">3684217</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/740364">Ocular and biochemical abnormalities in gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Berson EL,
Schmidt SY,
Shih VE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ophthalmology</span>
1978 Oct;85(10):1018-27.
doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(78)35588-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/740364" target="_blank">740364</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperornithinemia%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (19)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39597062">Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria Syndrome in Vietnamese Patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nguyen KN,
Tran VK,
Nguyen NL,
Can TBN,
Dang TKG,
Nguyen TH,
Do TTM,
Phuong LT,
Tran TH,
Ta TV,
Tu NH,
Vu CD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medicina (Kaunas)</span>
2024 Nov 16;60(11)
doi: 10.3390/medicina60111877.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39597062" target="_blank">39597062</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11596723" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35711415">Immune Alterations in a Patient With Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria Syndrome: A Case Report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Silvera-Ruiz SM,
Gemperle C,
Peano N,
Olivero V,
Becerra A,
Häberle J,
Gruppi A,
Larovere LE,
Motrich RD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
2022;13:861516.
Epub 2022 May 27
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861516.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35711415" target="_blank">35711415</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9196877" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20077096">Quantitation of orotic acid in urine using isotope dilution-selected ion gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen J,
Bennett MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Methods Mol Biol</span>
2010;603:445-51.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-459-3_43.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20077096" target="_blank">20077096</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8838382">Ciliated cultured dermal fibroblasts in a patient with hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia and homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Haust MD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pathol Res Pract</span>
1995 Oct;191(10):1062-5.
doi: 10.1016/s0344-0338(11)80613-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8838382" target="_blank">8838382</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/711502">Hyperornithinemia and gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina. Report of a case.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stoppoloni G,
Prisco F,
Santinelli R,
Tolone C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Helv Paediatr Acta</span>
1978 Nov;33(4-5):429-33.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/711502" target="_blank">711502</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperornithinemia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (35)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25874378">The hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Martinelli D,
Diodato D,
Ponzi E,
Monné M,
Boenzi S,
Bertini E,
Fiermonte G,
Dionisi-Vici C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2015 Mar 11;10:29.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0242-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25874378" target="_blank">25874378</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4358699" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperornithinemia%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0599035%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (1)</a></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Hyperornithinemia" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22hyperornithinemia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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