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<meta name="keywords" content="C0543541, disease or syndrome, glycinuria, glycinuria with or without oxalate nephrolithiasis, glycinuria with or without oxalate urolithiasis, high urine glycine levels, hyperglycinuria, hyperglycinuria (disease), iminoglycinuria type 2, iminoglycinuria type ii, slc36a2, slc6a20-related hyperglycinuria, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="The imino acids, proline and hydroxyproline, share a renal tubular reabsorptive mechanism with glycine. Iminoglycinuria (IG; 242600), a benign inborn error of amino acid transport, is also a normal finding in neonates and infants under 6 months of age (Chesney, 2001). Early studies of families with iminoglycinuria suggested genetic complexity, with homozygotes developing IG and heterozygotes manifesting only hyperglycinuria (HG) (summary by Broer et al., 2008). A phenotype of combined glucosuria and glycinuria has been described (see 138070)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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||
UID=107456
|
||
ConceptID=C0543541
|
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-->
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||
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Hyperglycinuria</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107456</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0543541</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>GLYCINURIA WITH OR WITHOUT OXALATE NEPHROLITHIASIS; GLYCINURIA WITH OR WITHOUT OXALATE UROLITHIASIS; IMINOGLYCINURIA TYPE II; SLC6A20-Related Hyperglycinuria</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
|
||
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
|
||
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="SLC36A2 - ID: 153201 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/153201" class="medgenPMinfo">SLC36A2</a> (5q33.1)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003108">HP:0003108</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007677" target="_blank">MONDO:0007677</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/138500" target="_blank">138500</a></td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">The imino acids, proline and hydroxyproline, share a renal tubular reabsorptive mechanism with glycine. Iminoglycinuria (IG; 242600), a benign inborn error of amino acid transport, is also a normal finding in neonates and infants under 6 months of age (Chesney, 2001). Early studies of families with iminoglycinuria suggested genetic complexity, with homozygotes developing IG and heterozygotes manifesting only hyperglycinuria (HG) (summary by Broer et al., 2008). A phenotype of combined glucosuria and glycinuria has been described (see 138070). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107456"><div><strong>Hyperglycinuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107456</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0543541</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The imino acids, proline and hydroxyproline, share a renal tubular reabsorptive mechanism with glycine. Iminoglycinuria (IG; 242600), a benign inborn error of amino acid transport, is also a normal finding in neonates and infants under 6 months of age (Chesney, 2001). Early studies of families with iminoglycinuria suggested genetic complexity, with homozygotes developing IG and heterozygotes manifesting only hyperglycinuria (HG) (summary by Broer et al., 2008). A phenotype of combined glucosuria and glycinuria has been described (see 138070).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107456">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperglycinuria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107456%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_318935"><div><strong>Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>318935</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1833683</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Kleta (2006) reviewed aspects of renal stone disease. Nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis remain major public health problems of largely unknown cause. While disorders such as cystinuria (220100) and primary hyperoxaluria (see 259900) that have nephrolithiasis as a major feature have advanced understanding of the metabolic and physiologic processes of stone formation in general, they have not addressed the etiology of calcium oxalate stone formation, responsible for approximately 75% of urolithiasis cases in humans. Men are affected twice as often as women, but children show no such gender bias. The recurrence rate is also high. In populations of European ancestry, 5 to 10% of adults experience the painful precipitation of calcium oxalate in their urinary tracts. Thorleifsson et al. (2009) noted that between 35 and 65% of hypercalciuric stone formers and up to 70% of subjects with hypercalciuria have relatives with nephrolithiasis, and twin studies have estimated the heritability of kidney stones to be 56%. Genetic Heterogeneity of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis See also CAON2 (620374), caused by mutation in the OXGR1 gene (606922) on chromosome 13q32.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/318935">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Nephrolithiasis%2C%20calcium%20oxalate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20318935%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite"><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107456" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperglycinuria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_318935" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0543541[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=107456">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=107456" target="_blank" href="/omim/138500">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=107456" ref="ncbi_uid=107456">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Hyperglycinuria</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871178" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of urine homeostasis">Abnormality of urine homeostasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1785188" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal urine metabolite level">Abnormal urine metabolite level</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1054056" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal urine amino acid level">Abnormal urine amino acid level</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116067" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aminoaciduria">Aminoaciduria</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1731139" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Increased proteinogenic amino acid level in urine">Increased proteinogenic amino acid level in urine</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1727463" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Increased serine family amino acid in urine">Increased serine family amino acid in urine</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Hyperglycinuria</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_65086"><div><strong>Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65086</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0220710</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove">Individuals with medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency typically appear normal at birth, and many are diagnosed through newborn screening programs. Symptomatic individuals experience hypoketotic hypoglycemia in response to either prolonged fasting (e.g., weaning the infant from nighttime feedings) or during intercurrent and common infections (e.g., viral gastrointestinal or upper respiratory tract infections), which typically cause loss of appetite and increased energy requirements when fever is present. Untreated severe hypoglycemic episodes can be accompanied by seizures, vomiting, lethargy, coma, and death. Metabolic decompensation during these episodes can result in elevated liver transaminases and hyperammonemia. Individuals with MCAD deficiency who have experienced the effects of uncontrolled metabolic decompensation are also at risk for chronic myopathy. Early identification and avoidance of prolonged fasting can ameliorate these findings. However, children with MCAD deficiency are at risk for obesity after initiation of treatment due to the frequency of feeding.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65086">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120645"><div><strong>Proline dehydrogenase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120645</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268529</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove">Phang et al. (2001) noted that prospective studies of HPI probands identified through newborn screening as well as reports of several families have suggested that it is a metabolic disorder not clearly associated with clinical manifestations. Phang et al. (2001) concluded that HPI is a relatively benign condition in most individuals under most circumstances. However, other reports have suggested that some patients have a severe phenotype with neurologic manifestations, including epilepsy and impaired intellectual development (Jacquet et al., 2003). Genetic Heterogeneity of Hyperprolinemia See also hyperprolinemia type II (HYRPRO2; 239510), which is caused by mutation in the gene encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH, ALDH4A1; 606811) on chromosome 1p36.</div>
|
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120645">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78686"><div><strong>Glucoglycinuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78686</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268536</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78686">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82818"><div><strong>Hyperglycinemia, transient neonatal</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82818</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268560</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82818">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82822"><div><strong>Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82822</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268575</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Individuals with clinical manifestations of isovaleric acidemia (IVA) have either classic IVA identified on newborn screening or classic IVA with a later diagnosis due to a missed diagnosis or later onset of clinical manifestations. Classic IVA is characterized by acute metabolic decompensations (vomiting, poor feeding, lethargy, hypotonia, seizures, and a distinct odor of sweaty feet). Acute metabolic decompensations are typically triggered by fasting, (febrile) illness (especially gastroenteritis), or increased protein intake. Clinical deterioration often occurs within hours to days after birth. Additional manifestations of classic IVA include developmental delay, intellectual disability and/or impaired cognition, epilepsy, and movement disorder (tremor, dysmetria, extrapyramidal movements). Early treatment in those identified by newborn screening can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in individuals with classic IVA.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82822">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75694"><div><strong>Propionic acidemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75694</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268579</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The spectrum of propionic acidemia (PA) ranges from neonatal onset to late-onset disease. Neonatal-onset PA, the most common form, is characterized by a healthy newborn with poor feeding and decreased arousal in the first few days of life, followed by progressive encephalopathy of unexplained origin. Without prompt diagnosis (often through newborn screening) and management, this is followed by progressive encephalopathy manifesting as lethargy, seizures, or coma that can result in death. It is frequently accompanied by metabolic acidosis with anion gap, lactic acidosis, ketonuria, hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, and cytopenias. Individuals with late-onset PA may remain asymptomatic and suffer a metabolic crisis under catabolic stress (e.g., illness, surgery, fasting) or may experience a more insidious onset with the development of multiorgan complications including vomiting, protein intolerance, failure to thrive, hypotonia, developmental delays or regression, movement disorders, or cardiomyopathy. Isolated cardiomyopathy can be observed on rare occasions in the absence of clinical metabolic decompensation or neurocognitive deficits. Manifestations of neonatal-onset and late-onset PA over time can include growth impairment, intellectual disability, seizures, basal ganglia lesions, pancreatitis, cardiomyopathy, and chronic kidney disease. Other rarely reported complications include optic atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, and premature ovarian insufficiency.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75694">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_124342"><div><strong>Iminoglycinuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>124342</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268654</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove">The imino acids, proline and hydroxyproline, share a renal tubular reabsorptive mechanism with glycine. Iminoglycinuria (IG), a benign inborn error of amino acid transport, is also a normal finding in neonates and infants under 6 months of age (Chesney, 2001). Early studies of families with iminoglycinuria suggested genetic complexity, with homozygotes developing IG and heterozygotes manifesting only hyperglycinuria (HG; 138500) (summary by Broer et al., 2008). Iminoglycinuria also occurs as part of the generalized amino aciduria of the Fanconi renotubular syndrome (134600).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/124342">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_107456"><div><strong>Hyperglycinuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107456</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0543541</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The imino acids, proline and hydroxyproline, share a renal tubular reabsorptive mechanism with glycine. Iminoglycinuria (IG; 242600), a benign inborn error of amino acid transport, is also a normal finding in neonates and infants under 6 months of age (Chesney, 2001). Early studies of families with iminoglycinuria suggested genetic complexity, with homozygotes developing IG and heterozygotes manifesting only hyperglycinuria (HG) (summary by Broer et al., 2008). A phenotype of combined glucosuria and glycinuria has been described (see 138070).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107456">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340949"><div><strong>Indolylacroyl glycinuria with intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340949</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1855738</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340949">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347898"><div><strong>3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 2 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347898</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1859499</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">3-Methylcrotonylglycinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder of leucine catabolism. The clinical phenotype is highly variable, ranging from neonatal onset with severe neurologic involvement to asymptomatic adults. There is a characteristic organic aciduria with massive excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-methylcrotonylglycine, usually in combination with a severe secondary carnitine deficiency. MCC activity in extracts of cultured fibroblasts of patients is usually less than 2% of control (summary by Baumgartner et al., 2001). Also see 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria I (MCC1D; 210200), caused by mutation in the alpha subunit of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCCC1; 609010).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347898">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419175"><div><strong>Hyperprolinemia type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419175</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2931835</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperprolinemia type II (HYRPRO2) is an inherited abnormality in amino acid metabolism characterized by elevated plasma proline concentrations, iminoglycinuria, and the urinary excretion of delta-1-pyrroline compounds (summary by Valle et al., 1976). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hyperprolinemia, see HYRPRO1 (239500).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419175">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_478062"><div><strong>Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>478062</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3276432</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-1 (MMDS1) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder of systemic energy metabolism, resulting in weakness, respiratory failure, lack of neurologic development, lactic acidosis, and early death (Seyda et al., 2001). Genetic Heterogeneity of Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome See also MMDS2 (614299), caused by mutation in the BOLA3 gene (613183) on chromosome 2p13; MMDS3 (615330), caused by mutation in the IBA57 gene (615316) on chromosome 1q42; MMDS4 (616370), caused by mutation in the ISCA2 gene (615317) on chromosome 14q24; MMDS5 (617613), caused by mutation in the ISCA1 gene (611006) on chromosome 9q21; MMDS6 (617954), caused by mutation in the PMPCB gene (603131) on chromosome 7q22; MMDS7 (620423), caused by mutation in the GCSH gene (238330) on chromosome 16q23; MMDS8 (251900), caused by mutation in the FDX2 gene (614585) on chromosome 19p13; MMDS9A (617717) and MMDS9B (620887), both caused by mutation in the FDXR gene (103270) on chromosome 17q25.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/478062">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347898" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 2 deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78686" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glucoglycinuria</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82818" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperglycinemia, transient neonatal</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_107456" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperglycinuria</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_419175" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperprolinemia type 2</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (12)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_124342" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Iminoglycinuria</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_340949" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Indolylacroyl glycinuria with intellectual disability</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82822" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_65086" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_478062" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120645" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proline dehydrogenase deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75694" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Propionic acidemia</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36434624">The SLC6A19 gene mutation in a young man with hyperglycinuria and nephrolithiasis: a case report and literature review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pan Y,
|
||
Wang S,
|
||
Liu L,
|
||
Liu X</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Urol</span>
|
||
2022 Nov 24;22(1):190.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/s12894-022-01147-9.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36434624" target="_blank">36434624</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9700881" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35236679">Hyperglycinuria: diagnosis in middle age.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fargaly H,
|
||
Mathew S,
|
||
Rossi NF</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ Case Rep</span>
|
||
2022 Mar 2;15(3)
|
||
doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246252.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35236679" target="_blank">35236679</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8895892" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34046142">Vitamin B12 deficiency: case report and review of literature.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hasbaoui BE,
|
||
Mebrouk N,
|
||
Saghir S,
|
||
Yajouri AE,
|
||
Abilkassem R,
|
||
Agadr A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pan Afr Med J</span>
|
||
2021;38:237.
|
||
Epub 2021 Mar 4
|
||
doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.237.20967.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34046142" target="_blank">34046142</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8140678" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2464775">Nonketotic hyperglycinemia: studies in an atypical variant.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Singer HS,
|
||
Valle D,
|
||
Hayasaka K,
|
||
Tada K</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
|
||
1989 Feb;39(2 Pt 1):286-8.
|
||
doi: 10.1212/wnl.39.2.286.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2464775" target="_blank">2464775</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/5855430">Hyperglycinuria with severe neurological manifestations.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Visakorpi JK,
|
||
Donner M,
|
||
Norio R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Paediatr Fenn</span>
|
||
1965;11(2):114-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/5855430" target="_blank">5855430</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperglycinuria%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34046142">Vitamin B12 deficiency: case report and review of literature.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hasbaoui BE,
|
||
Mebrouk N,
|
||
Saghir S,
|
||
Yajouri AE,
|
||
Abilkassem R,
|
||
Agadr A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pan Afr Med J</span>
|
||
2021;38:237.
|
||
Epub 2021 Mar 4
|
||
doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.237.20967.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34046142" target="_blank">34046142</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8140678" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3840730">Adult hypophosphatemic osteomalacia: report of two cases.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rico H,
|
||
Gomez-Castresana F,
|
||
Hernandez ER,
|
||
Matute JA,
|
||
Torrubiano J,
|
||
Nunez-Torrón M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Rheumatol</span>
|
||
1985 Sep;4(3):325-34.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/BF02031617.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3840730" target="_blank">3840730</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6777152">Inhibition of the glycine cleavage system: hyperglycinemia and hyperglycinuria caused by valproic acid.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mortensen PB,
|
||
Kølvraa S,
|
||
Christensen E</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
|
||
1980 Dec;21(6):563-9.
|
||
doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1980.tb04310.x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6777152" target="_blank">6777152</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6072641">Persistent tachycardia, paroxymal hypertension, and seizures: association with hyperglycinuria, dominantly inherited microphthalmia, and cataracts.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Adams CW,
|
||
Nance WE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
|
||
1967 Nov 6;202(6):525-30.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jama.202.6.525.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6072641" target="_blank">6072641</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperglycinuria%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34046142">Vitamin B12 deficiency: case report and review of literature.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hasbaoui BE,
|
||
Mebrouk N,
|
||
Saghir S,
|
||
Yajouri AE,
|
||
Abilkassem R,
|
||
Agadr A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pan Afr Med J</span>
|
||
2021;38:237.
|
||
Epub 2021 Mar 4
|
||
doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.237.20967.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34046142" target="_blank">34046142</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8140678" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperglycinuria%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3840730">Adult hypophosphatemic osteomalacia: report of two cases.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rico H,
|
||
Gomez-Castresana F,
|
||
Hernandez ER,
|
||
Matute JA,
|
||
Torrubiano J,
|
||
Nunez-Torrón M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Rheumatol</span>
|
||
1985 Sep;4(3):325-34.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/BF02031617.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3840730" target="_blank">3840730</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/5641621">Renal tubular transport of proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine. 3. Genetic basis for more than one mode of transport in human kidney.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scriver CR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Invest</span>
|
||
1968 Apr;47(4):823-35.
|
||
doi: 10.1172/JCI105776.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/5641621" target="_blank">5641621</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC297232" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperglycinuria%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
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|
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
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|
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|
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|
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<div class="rightCol mgCol">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0543541%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (14)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0543541%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (26)</a></li>
|
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<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0543541%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (28)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Hyperglycinuria/8587" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/hyperglycinuria" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=Hyperglycinuria" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
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