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<meta name="keywords" content="C0342770, disease or syndrome, fh, fmrd, fumarase deficiency, fumarate hydratase deficiency, fumaric aciduria, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Fumarate hydratase (FH) deficiency results in severe neonatal and early infantile encephalopathy that is characterized by poor feeding, failure to thrive, hypotonia, lethargy, and seizures. Dysmorphic facial features include frontal bossing, depressed nasal bridge, and widely spaced eyes. Many affected individuals are microcephalic. A spectrum of brain abnormalities are seen on magnetic resonance imaging, including cerebral atrophy, enlarged ventricles and generous extra-axial cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) spaces, delayed myelination for age, thinning of the corpus callosum, and an abnormally small brain stem. Brain malformations including bilateral polymicrogyria and absence of the corpus callosum can also be observed. Development is severely affected: most affected individuals are nonverbal and nonambulatory, and many die during early childhood. Less severely affected individuals with moderate cognitive impairment and long-term survival have been reported." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=87458
|
||
ConceptID=C0342770
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Fumarase deficiency<span class="h1sub">(FMRD)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87458</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0342770</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>FMRD; Fumarate Hydratase Deficiency; Fumaric aciduria</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Fumarase deficiency (237983002); Fumarate hydratase deficiency (237983002)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
|
||
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
|
||
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="FH - ID: 2271 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/2271" class="medgenPMinfo">FH</a> (1q43)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0011730" target="_blank">MONDO:0011730</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/606812" target="_blank">606812</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=24">ORPHA24</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK1506" target="_blank">Fumarate Hydratase Deficiency</a></div><div>Fumarate hydratase (FH) deficiency results in severe neonatal and early infantile encephalopathy that is characterized by poor feeding, failure to thrive, hypotonia, lethargy, and seizures. Dysmorphic facial features include frontal bossing, depressed nasal bridge, and widely spaced eyes. Many affected individuals are microcephalic. A spectrum of brain abnormalities are seen on magnetic resonance imaging, including cerebral atrophy, enlarged ventricles and generous extra-axial cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) spaces, delayed myelination for age, thinning of the corpus callosum, and an abnormally small brain stem. Brain malformations including bilateral polymicrogyria and absence of the corpus callosum can also be observed. Development is severely affected: most affected individuals are nonverbal and nonambulatory, and many die during early childhood. Less severely affected individuals with moderate cognitive impairment and long-term survival have been reported. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1506#fum.Summary" target="NBK1506">Summary</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1506#fum.Diagnosis" target="NBK1506">Diagnosis</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1506#fum.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK1506">Clinical Characteristics</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1506#fum.Genetically_Related_Allelic_Disorder" target="NBK1506">Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1506#fum.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK1506">Differential Diagnosis</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1506#fum.Management" target="NBK1506">Management</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1506#fum.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK1506">Genetic Counseling</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1506#fum.Resources" target="NBK1506">Resources</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1506#fum.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK1506">Molecular Genetics</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1506#fum.References" target="NBK1506">References</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1506#fum.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK1506">Chapter Notes</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
|
||
David Coman | Kamil R Kranc | John Christodoulou <a href="/books/NBK1506" target="NBK1506" title="NCBI Bookshelf: Fumarate Hydratase Deficiency">view full author information</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />Fumarase deficiency (FMRD) is a severe autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by early-onset hypotonia, profound psychomotor retardation, and brain abnormalities, such as agenesis of the corpus callosum, gyral defects, and ventriculomegaly. Many patients show neonatal distress, metabolic acidosis, and/or encephalopathy (summary by Kerrigan et al., 2000 and Mroch et al., 2012). <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/606812">http://www.omim.org/entry/606812</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Fumarase deficiency is a condition that primarily affects the nervous system, especially the brain. Affected infants may have an abnormally small head size (microcephaly), abnormal brain structure, severe developmental delay, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and failure to gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive). They may also experience seizures. Some people with this disorder have unusual facial features, including a prominent forehead (frontal bossing), low-set ears, a small jaw (micrognathia), widely spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism), and a depressed nasal bridge. An enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly) may also be associated with this disorder, as well as an excess of red blood cells (polycythemia) or deficiency of white blood cells (leukopenia) in infancy. Affected individuals usually survive only a few months, but a few have lived into early adulthood. <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fumarase-deficiency">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fumarase-deficiency</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87533"><div><strong>Cutaneous leiomyoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87533</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0346064</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of leiomyoma of the skin.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87533">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cutaneous%20leiomyoma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087533%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_116067"><div><strong>Aminoaciduria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116067</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0238621</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An increased concentration of an amino acid in the urine.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/116067">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aminoaciduria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20116067%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1771435"><div><strong>Increased urine succinate level</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1771435</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5421603</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The concentration of succinate in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1771435">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20urine%20succinate%20level%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201771435%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1842100"><div><strong>Elevated urine fumaric acid level</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1842100</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5826557</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The concentration of fumaric acid in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1842100">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20urine%20fumaric%20acid%20level%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201842100%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87490"><div><strong>Perimembranous ventricular septal defect</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87490</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0344925</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A ventricular septal defect that is confluent with and involves the membranous septum and is bordered by an atrioventricular valve, not including the type 3 VSDs.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87490">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Perimembranous%20ventricular%20septal%20defect%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087490%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_746019"><div><strong>Failure to thrive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>746019</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2315100</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/746019">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Failure%20to%20thrive%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20746019%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_416"><div><strong>Ascites</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>416</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0003962</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (between the layers of the peritoneum that lines the abdomen).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/416">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ascites%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20416%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3042"><div><strong>Intrahepatic cholestasis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3042</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0008372</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in the small bile ducts within the liver.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3042">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intrahepatic%20cholestasis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203042%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_88444"><div><strong>Liver failure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>88444</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0085605</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A disorder characterized by the inability of the liver to metabolize chemicals in the body. Causes include cirrhosis and drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Signs and symptoms include jaundice and encephalopathy. Laboratory test results reveal abnormal plasma levels of ammonia, bilirubin, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/88444">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Liver%20failure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2088444%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105440"><div><strong>Necrotizing enterocolitis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105440</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0520459</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Inflammation of the intestine leading to bacterial invasion causing cellular damage and death which causes necrosis of the colon and intestine.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105440">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Necrotizing%20enterocolitis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105440%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11586"><div><strong>Status epilepticus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11586</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0038220</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Status epilepticus is a type of prolonged seizure resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms which lead to abnormally prolonged seizures (after time point t1). It is a condition that can have long-term consequences (after time point t2), including neuronal death, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks, depending on the type and duration of seizures.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11586">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Status%20epilepticus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011586%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_104498"><div><strong>Corpus callosum, agenesis of</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>104498</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0175754</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The corpus callosum is the largest fiber tract in the central nervous system and the major interhemispheric fiber bundle in the brain. Formation of the corpus callosum begins as early as 6 weeks' gestation, with the first fibers crossing the midline at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation, and completion of the basic shape by age 18 to 20 weeks (Schell-Apacik et al., 2008). Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most frequent malformations in brain with a reported incidence ranging between 0.5 and 70 in 10,000 births. ACC is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition, which can be observed either as an isolated condition or as a manifestation in the context of a congenital syndrome (see MOLECULAR GENETICS and Dobyns, 1996). Also see mirror movements-1 and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum (MRMV1; 157600). Schell-Apacik et al. (2008) noted that there is confusion in the literature regarding radiologic terminology concerning partial absence of the corpus callosum, where various designations have been used, including hypogenesis, hypoplasia, partial agenesis, or dysgenesis.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/104498">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Corpus%20callosum%2C%20agenesis%20of%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20104498%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_116012"><div><strong>Cerebral atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116012</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0235946</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/116012">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebral%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20116012%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78604"><div><strong>Lissencephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78604</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0266463</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A spectrum of malformations of cortical development caused by insufficient neuronal migration that subsumes the terms agyria, pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia. See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78604">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lissencephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078604%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78605"><div><strong>Polymicrogyria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78605</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0266464</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Polymicrogyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical layering (lamination) and an excessive number of small gyri (folds).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78605">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Polymicrogyria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078605%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87376"><div><strong>Choroid plexus cyst</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87376</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0338597</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A cyst occurring within the choroid plexus within a cerebral ventricle.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87376">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Choroid%20plexus%20cyst%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087376%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_334226"><div><strong>Hypoplasia of the brainstem</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334226</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1842688</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the brainstem.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/334226">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplasia%20of%20the%20brainstem%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20334226%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_436570"><div><strong>Open operculum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>436570</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2675973</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the operculum.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/436570">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Open%20operculum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20436570%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892508"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, profound</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892508</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3161330</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Profound mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 20.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892508">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20profound%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892508%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_480553"><div><strong>Ventriculomegaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>480553</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3278923</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/480553">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ventriculomegaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20480553%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1853271"><div><strong>Abnormal speech pattern</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1853271</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3687424</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality in the sound (volume) or cadence (rate) of speech.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1853271">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20speech%20pattern%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201853271%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_18552"><div><strong>Polycythemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18552</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0032461</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Polycythemia is diagnosed if the red blood cell count, the hemoglobin level, and the red blood cell volume all exceed the upper limits of normal.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18552">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Polycythemia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2018552%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_67453"><div><strong>Frontal bossing</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>67453</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0221354</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/67453">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Frontal%20bossing%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2067453%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_338607"><div><strong>Relative macrocephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338607</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1849075</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A relatively mild degree of macrocephaly in which the head circumference is not above two standard deviations from the mean, but appears dysproportionately large when other factors such as body stature are taken into account.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338607">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Relative%20macrocephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20338607%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_387876"><div><strong>Reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>387876</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1857657</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduced amount of fat tissue in the lowest layer of the integument. This feature can be appreciated by a reduced skinfold thickness.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/387876">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Reduced%20subcutaneous%20adipose%20tissue%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20387876%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_346841"><div><strong>Generalized hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1858120</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346841">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20346841%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1644158"><div><strong>Microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644158</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551563</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644158">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microcephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201644158%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1717"><div><strong>Lactic acidosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1717</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0001125</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal buildup of lactic acid in the body, leading to acidification of the blood and other bodily fluids.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1717">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lactic%20acidosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201717%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65117"><div><strong>Metabolic acidosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65117</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0220981</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Metabolic acidosis (MA) is characterized by a fall in blood pH due to a reduction of serum bicarbonate concentration. This can occur as a result of either the accumulation of acids (high anion gap MA) or the loss of bicarbonate from the gastrointestinal tract or the kidney (hyperchloremic MA). By definition, MA is not due to a respirary cause.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65117">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Metabolic%20acidosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065117%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_86321"><div><strong>Hyperbilirubinemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>86321</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0311468</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An increased amount of bilirubin in the blood.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/86321">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperbilirubinemia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2086321%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_343007"><div><strong>Decreased fumarate hydratase activity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343007</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1853903</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of Krebs cycle metabolism that is characterized by a decreased rate of fumarate hydratase activity.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343007">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20fumarate%20hydratase%20activity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20343007%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66814"><div><strong>High palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66814</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0240635</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66814">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22High%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066814%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_537025"><div><strong>Conjunctival icterus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>537025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0240962</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Conjunctival icterus is a condition where there is yellowing of the whites of the eyes. This is most commonly seen in patients who have liver disease.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/537025">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Conjunctival%20icterus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20537025%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_373112"><div><strong>Depressed nasal bridge</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373112</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1836542</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373112">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Depressed%20nasal%20bridge%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20373112%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326648"><div><strong>Anteverted nares</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326648</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1840077</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326648">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anteverted%20nares%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326648%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_69133"><div><strong>Pallor</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>69133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0241137</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally pale skin.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/69133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pallor%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2069133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6936"><div><strong>Polyhydramnios</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6936</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0020224</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of excess amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6936">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Polyhydramnios%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206936%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_869105"><div><strong>Bilateral fetal pyelectasis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>869105</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4023523</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A bilateral form of fetal pyelectasis.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/869105">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bilateral%20fetal%20pyelectasis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20869105%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9373"><div><strong>Hypertelorism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9373</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0020534</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9373">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypertelorism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209373%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_18180"><div><strong>Optic atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18180</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0029124</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18180">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Optic%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2018180%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_777085"><div><strong>Visual impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>777085</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3665347</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Visual impairment (or vision impairment) is vision loss (of a person) to such a degree as to qualify as an additional support need through a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from either disease, trauma, or congenital or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction, medication, or surgery.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/777085">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Visual%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20777085%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7664"><div><strong>Mitochondrial swelling</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7664</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0026244</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Cell or Molecular Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The mitochondrial matrix refers to the substance occupying the space enclosed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, which contains enzymes, DNA, granules, and inclusions of protein crystals, glycogen, and lipid. Mitochondrial swelling refers to an increase in size of the mitochondrial matrix. This phenomenon is thought to be related to a permeabilized inner membrane that originates a large swelling in the mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondrial swelling may distend the outer membrane until it ruptures.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7664">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mitochondrial%20swelling%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207664%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormal cellular phenotype</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7664" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial swelling</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_18552" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polycythemia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326648" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anteverted nares</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_537025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Conjunctival icterus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_373112" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Depressed nasal bridge</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66814" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">High palate</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_343007" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased fumarate hydratase activity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_86321" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperbilirubinemia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1717" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lactic acidosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65117" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Metabolic acidosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_869105" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bilateral fetal pyelectasis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6936" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polyhydramnios</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87490" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Perimembranous ventricular septal defect</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_416" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ascites</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3042" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intrahepatic cholestasis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_88444" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Liver failure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105440" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Necrotizing enterocolitis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9373" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertelorism</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_18180" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Optic atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_777085" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Visual impairment</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_116067" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aminoaciduria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1842100" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated urine fumaric acid level</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1771435" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased urine succinate level</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_69133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pallor</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_67453" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Frontal bossing</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_346841" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1644158" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_387876" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_338607" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Relative macrocephaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1853271" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal speech pattern</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_116012" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebral atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87376" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Choroid plexus cyst</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_104498" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Corpus callosum, agenesis of</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_334226" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplasia of the brainstem</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892508" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, profound</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78604" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lissencephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_436570" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Open operculum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78605" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polymicrogyria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11586" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Status epilepticus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_480553" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ventriculomegaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_746019" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Failure to thrive</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Neoplasm</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87533" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cutaneous leiomyoma</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0342770[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=87458">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=87458" target="_blank" href="/omim/136850">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1506/" ref="ncbi_uid=87458">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=87458" ref="ncbi_uid=87458">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Fumarase deficiency</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842470" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mitochondrial disease with epilepsy">Mitochondrial disease with epilepsy</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Fumarase deficiency</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&data_id=156&PatId=3376&search=Disease_Classif_Simple&new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Fumarase deficiency</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36455867">Opening Pandora's box: abnormal genetic carrier screening and need for lifetime follow-up.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Strauss TS,
|
||
Boniferro E,
|
||
Brockhoff E,
|
||
Johnson A,
|
||
Schneider E,
|
||
Grubman O,
|
||
Cole D,
|
||
Hussain F,
|
||
Ashmead G,
|
||
Al-Ibraheemi Z,
|
||
Brustman L</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM</span>
|
||
2023 Mar;5(3):100820.
|
||
Epub 2022 Nov 28
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100820.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36455867" target="_blank">36455867</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22fumarase%20deficiency%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36773955">Fumarate Hydratase Variants and Their Association With Paraganglioma/Pheochromocytoma.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zavoshi S,
|
||
Lu E,
|
||
Boutros PC,
|
||
Zhang L,
|
||
Harari A,
|
||
Hatchell KE,
|
||
Nielsen SM,
|
||
Esplin ED,
|
||
Ouyang K,
|
||
Nykamp K,
|
||
Wilde B,
|
||
Christofk H,
|
||
Shuch B</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urology</span>
|
||
2023 Jun;176:106-114.
|
||
Epub 2023 Feb 10
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.11.053.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36773955" target="_blank">36773955</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33052056">Fumarase Deficiency: A Case With a New Pathogenic Mutation and a Review of the Literature.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Peetsold M,
|
||
Goorden S,
|
||
Breuning M,
|
||
Williams M,
|
||
Bakker J,
|
||
Jacobs E,
|
||
Hussaarts-Odijk L,
|
||
Peeters C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Child Neurol</span>
|
||
2021 Mar;36(4):310-323.
|
||
Epub 2020 Oct 14
|
||
doi: 10.1177/0883073820962931.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33052056" target="_blank">33052056</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21560188">Clinical and biochemical heterogeneity associated with fumarase deficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ottolenghi C,
|
||
Hubert L,
|
||
Allanore Y,
|
||
Brassier A,
|
||
Altuzarra C,
|
||
Mellot-Draznieks C,
|
||
Bekri S,
|
||
Goldenberg A,
|
||
Veyrieres S,
|
||
Boddaert N,
|
||
Barbier V,
|
||
Valayannopoulos V,
|
||
Slama A,
|
||
Chrétien D,
|
||
Ricquier D,
|
||
Marret S,
|
||
Frebourg T,
|
||
Rabier D,
|
||
Munnich A,
|
||
de Keyzer Y,
|
||
Toulhoat H,
|
||
de Lonlay P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
|
||
2011 Sep;32(9):1046-52.
|
||
Epub 2011 Jul 12
|
||
doi: 10.1002/humu.21534.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21560188" target="_blank">21560188</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16575891">Fumarase deficiency caused by homozygous P131R mutation and paternal partial isodisomy of chromosome 1.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zeng WQ,
|
||
Gao H,
|
||
Brueton L,
|
||
Hutchin T,
|
||
Gray G,
|
||
Chakrapani A,
|
||
Olpin S,
|
||
Shih VE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
|
||
2006 May 1;140(9):1004-9.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31186.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16575891" target="_blank">16575891</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2824920">Mitochondrial myopathies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">DiMauro S,
|
||
Bonilla E,
|
||
Zeviani M,
|
||
Servidei S,
|
||
DeVivo DC,
|
||
Schon EA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
|
||
1987;10 Suppl 1:113-28.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/BF01812852.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2824920" target="_blank">2824920</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fumarase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (10)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27541980">Fumarase deficiency: a rare disorder on the crossroads of clinical and metabolic genetics, neurology and cancer.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Prasad C,
|
||
Napier MP,
|
||
Rupar CA,
|
||
Prasad C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dysmorphol</span>
|
||
2017 Apr;26(2):117-120.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/MCD.0000000000000148.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27541980" target="_blank">27541980</a></div>
|
||
|
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22772160">Infantile metabolic encephalopathy due to fumarase deficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saini AG,
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Singhi P</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Child Neurol</span>
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2013 Apr;28(4):535-7.
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Epub 2012 Jul 6
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doi: 10.1177/0883073812447286.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22772160" target="_blank">22772160</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22595425">Mild fumarase deficiency and a trial of low protein diet.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kimonis VE,
|
||
Steller J,
|
||
Sahai I,
|
||
Grange DK,
|
||
Shoemaker J,
|
||
Zelaya BM,
|
||
Mandell R,
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Shih K,
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Shih V</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
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2012 Sep;107(1-2):241-2.
|
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Epub 2012 Apr 20
|
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doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.04.010.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22595425" target="_blank">22595425</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16151915">Fumarase deficiency presenting with periventricular cysts.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Loeffen J,
|
||
Smeets R,
|
||
Voit T,
|
||
Hoffmann G,
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Smeitink J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
|
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2005;28(5):799-800.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s10545-005-0044-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16151915" target="_blank">16151915</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8734035">Congenital fumarase deficiency presenting with hypotonia and areflexia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Narayanan V,
|
||
Diven W,
|
||
Ahdab-Barmada M</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Child Neurol</span>
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1996 May;11(3):252-5.
|
||
doi: 10.1177/088307389601100321.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8734035" target="_blank">8734035</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fumarase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (17)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22595425">Mild fumarase deficiency and a trial of low protein diet.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kimonis VE,
|
||
Steller J,
|
||
Sahai I,
|
||
Grange DK,
|
||
Shoemaker J,
|
||
Zelaya BM,
|
||
Mandell R,
|
||
Shih K,
|
||
Shih V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
|
||
2012 Sep;107(1-2):241-2.
|
||
Epub 2012 Apr 20
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.04.010.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22595425" target="_blank">22595425</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fumarase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23612258">Mild clinical presentation and prolonged survival of a patient with fumarase deficiency due to the combination of a known and a novel mutation in FH gene.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ezgu F,
|
||
Krejci P,
|
||
Wilcox WR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gene</span>
|
||
2013 Jul 25;524(2):403-6.
|
||
Epub 2013 Apr 20
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.026.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23612258" target="_blank">23612258</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21560188">Clinical and biochemical heterogeneity associated with fumarase deficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ottolenghi C,
|
||
Hubert L,
|
||
Allanore Y,
|
||
Brassier A,
|
||
Altuzarra C,
|
||
Mellot-Draznieks C,
|
||
Bekri S,
|
||
Goldenberg A,
|
||
Veyrieres S,
|
||
Boddaert N,
|
||
Barbier V,
|
||
Valayannopoulos V,
|
||
Slama A,
|
||
Chrétien D,
|
||
Ricquier D,
|
||
Marret S,
|
||
Frebourg T,
|
||
Rabier D,
|
||
Munnich A,
|
||
de Keyzer Y,
|
||
Toulhoat H,
|
||
de Lonlay P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
|
||
2011 Sep;32(9):1046-52.
|
||
Epub 2011 Jul 12
|
||
doi: 10.1002/humu.21534.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21560188" target="_blank">21560188</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16151915">Fumarase deficiency presenting with periventricular cysts.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Loeffen J,
|
||
Smeets R,
|
||
Voit T,
|
||
Hoffmann G,
|
||
Smeitink J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
|
||
2005;28(5):799-800.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s10545-005-0044-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16151915" target="_blank">16151915</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11171647">Flux-balance analysis of mitochondrial energy metabolism: consequences of systemic stoichiometric constraints.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ramakrishna R,
|
||
Edwards JS,
|
||
McCulloch A,
|
||
Palsson BO</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol</span>
|
||
2001 Mar;280(3):R695-704.
|
||
doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.3.R695.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11171647" target="_blank">11171647</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9635293">Molecular analysis and prenatal diagnosis of human fumarase deficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Coughlin EM,
|
||
Christensen E,
|
||
Kunz PL,
|
||
Krishnamoorthy KS,
|
||
Walker V,
|
||
Dennis NR,
|
||
Chalmers RA,
|
||
Elpeleg ON,
|
||
Whelan D,
|
||
Pollitt RJ,
|
||
Ramesh V,
|
||
Mandell R,
|
||
Shih VE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
|
||
1998 Apr;63(4):254-62.
|
||
doi: 10.1006/mgme.1998.2684.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9635293" target="_blank">9635293</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fumarase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28492150">Selective Screening for Organic Acidurias and Amino Acidopathies in Pakistani Children.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sherazi NA,
|
||
Khan AH,
|
||
Jafri L,
|
||
Jamil A,
|
||
Khan NA,
|
||
Afroze B</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Coll Physicians Surg Pak</span>
|
||
2017 Apr;27(4):218-221.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28492150" target="_blank">28492150</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21560188">Clinical and biochemical heterogeneity associated with fumarase deficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ottolenghi C,
|
||
Hubert L,
|
||
Allanore Y,
|
||
Brassier A,
|
||
Altuzarra C,
|
||
Mellot-Draznieks C,
|
||
Bekri S,
|
||
Goldenberg A,
|
||
Veyrieres S,
|
||
Boddaert N,
|
||
Barbier V,
|
||
Valayannopoulos V,
|
||
Slama A,
|
||
Chrétien D,
|
||
Ricquier D,
|
||
Marret S,
|
||
Frebourg T,
|
||
Rabier D,
|
||
Munnich A,
|
||
de Keyzer Y,
|
||
Toulhoat H,
|
||
de Lonlay P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
|
||
2011 Sep;32(9):1046-52.
|
||
Epub 2011 Jul 12
|
||
doi: 10.1002/humu.21534.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21560188" target="_blank">21560188</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20549362">Fumaric aciduria: an overview and the first Brazilian case report.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Allegri G,
|
||
Fernandes MJ,
|
||
Scalco FB,
|
||
Correia P,
|
||
Simoni RE,
|
||
Llerena JC Jr,
|
||
de Oliveira ML</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
|
||
2010 Aug;33(4):411-9.
|
||
Epub 2010 Jun 15
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9134-2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20549362" target="_blank">20549362</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11171647">Flux-balance analysis of mitochondrial energy metabolism: consequences of systemic stoichiometric constraints.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ramakrishna R,
|
||
Edwards JS,
|
||
McCulloch A,
|
||
Palsson BO</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol</span>
|
||
2001 Mar;280(3):R695-704.
|
||
doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.3.R695.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11171647" target="_blank">11171647</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9635293">Molecular analysis and prenatal diagnosis of human fumarase deficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Coughlin EM,
|
||
Christensen E,
|
||
Kunz PL,
|
||
Krishnamoorthy KS,
|
||
Walker V,
|
||
Dennis NR,
|
||
Chalmers RA,
|
||
Elpeleg ON,
|
||
Whelan D,
|
||
Pollitt RJ,
|
||
Ramesh V,
|
||
Mandell R,
|
||
Shih VE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
|
||
1998 Apr;63(4):254-62.
|
||
doi: 10.1006/mgme.1998.2684.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9635293" target="_blank">9635293</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fumarase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
<div id="messagearea_bottom">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class=" bottom">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
||
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
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||
<div class="rightCol mgCol">
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342770%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A1%5F1" target="_blank">Analyte (1)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342770%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (49)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342770%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A1%5F2" target="_blank">Enzyme assay (2)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342770%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (7)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342770%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (64)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342770%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (12)</a></li>
|
||
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342770%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (72)</a></total></li>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&start=1&limit=10&sort=score%20desc&field=number&search=606812" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=24" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Fumarase%20deficiency" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_121">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22fumarase%20deficiency%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Fumarase%20deficiency%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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||
</div>
|
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|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_115">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&start=1&limit=10&sort=score%20desc&field=number&search=136850" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=2271[geneid]" target="_blank">View FH variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/241666449" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=606812" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Fumaric+Aciduria/2963" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/fumarase_deficiency" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=Fumarase%20deficiency" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fumarase-deficiency" target="_blank">MedlinePlusGenetics (GHR)</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6476/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
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|
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|
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<div class="portlet brieflink">
|
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<h3>Reviews</h3>
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||
<a href="/pubmed/20301679" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=1&linkpostotal=3" target="_blank"><span class="gene_reviews">GeneReviews</span></a>
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
<a href="/pubmed?term=Fumarase%20deficiency%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=3&linkpostotal=3" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
|
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|
||
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||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
<!-- MedGen supplemental column ends here -->
|
||
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|
||
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<h3>Related information</h3>
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in GTR</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342770[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Clinical tests in GTR</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/mesh?LinkName=medgen_mesh&from_uid=87458" ref="log$=recordlinks">MeSH</a>
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related records in OMIM</div>
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|
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|
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed&from_uid=87458" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a>
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<li class="brieflinkpopper">
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_bookshelf_cited&from_uid=87458" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed (Bookshelf cited)</a>
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed based on citations in GeneReviews and Medical Genetics Summaries</div>
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</li>
|
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<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&from_uid=87458" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed (GeneReviews)</a>
|
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">GeneReviews in PubMed</div>
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</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_omim&from_uid=87458" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed (OMIM)</a>
|
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related literature resources in PubMed</div>
|
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|
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|
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<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67ca7292a68b6b5afc9b5ae7">Fumarase deficiency</a>
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<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Fumarase deficiency<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div>
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<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67ca7290f4a390645e6d973e">C0016788[trait identifier] AND "Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invita... <span class="number">(369)</span></a>
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<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">C0016788[trait identifier] AND "Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp"[submitter]<div class="brieflinkpopdesc">Search</div></div>
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