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<meta name="keywords" content="C0162635, angelman syndrome, angelman syndrome chromosome region, angelman's syndrome, angelmans syndrome, as, children, puppet, disease or syndrome, happy puppet syndrome, happy puppet syndrome (formerly), happy puppet syndrome, formerly, puppet children, puppetlike syndrome, snrpn, syndrome, angelman, syndrome, happy puppet, ube3a, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Angelman syndrome (AS) is characterized by severe developmental delay or intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, gait ataxia and/or tremulousness of the limbs, and unique behavior with an apparent happy demeanor that includes frequent laughing, smiling, and excitability. Microcephaly and seizures are also common. Developmental delays are first noted at around age six months; however, the unique clinical features of AS do not become manifest until after age one year." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=58144
ConceptID=C0162635
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 3--><div class="ncbi_carousel" data-ncbicarousel-config="imageWidth:'100px',numItemsVisible:2,toggler:false"><div class="nc_header"><span class="img_strip_title">Images (3)</span></div><div class="nc_content"><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1144/bin/angelman-Image001.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1144/bin/angelman-Image001.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1144/figure/angelman.F1/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1144/bin/angelman-Image003.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1144/bin/angelman-Image003.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1144/figure/angelman.F3/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1144/bin/angelman-Image002.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1144/bin/angelman-Image002.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1144/figure/angelman.F2/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div></div></div><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Angelman syndrome<span class="h1sub">(AS)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>58144</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0162635</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>AS; HAPPY PUPPET SYNDROME; Happy puppet syndrome (formerly)</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Angelman's syndrome (76880004); Angelman syndrome (76880004); Happy puppet syndrome (76880004)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_989040"><div><strong>Unknown inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>989040</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms&#10;that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">CN307042</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary clinical entity whose mode of inheritance is unknown.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/989040">This record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_988794"><div><strong>Not genetically inherited</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>988794</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms&#10;that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">CN307044</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">clinical entity without genetic inheritance.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/988794">This record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_989040" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Unknown inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_988794" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Not genetically inherited</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Genes (locations):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="SNRPN - ID: 6638 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/6638" class="medgenPMinfo">SNRPN</a> (15q11.2); <a target="_blank" title="UBE3A - ID: 7337 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/7337" class="medgenPMinfo">UBE3A</a> (15q11.2)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007113" target="_blank">MONDO:0007113</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/105830" target="_blank">105830</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=72">ORPHA72</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK1144" target="_blank">Angelman Syndrome</a></div><div>Angelman syndrome (AS) is characterized by severe developmental delay or intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, gait ataxia and/or tremulousness of the limbs, and unique behavior with an apparent happy demeanor that includes frequent laughing, smiling, and excitability. Microcephaly and seizures are also common. Developmental delays are first noted at around age six months; however, the unique clinical features of AS do not become manifest until after age one year. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1144#angelman.Summary" target="NBK1144">Summary</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1144#angelman.Diagnosis" target="NBK1144">Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1144#angelman.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK1144">Clinical Characteristics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1144#angelman.Genetically_Related_Allelic_Dis" target="NBK1144">Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1144#angelman.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK1144">Differential Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1144#angelman.Management" target="NBK1144">Management</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1144#angelman.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK1144">Genetic Counseling</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1144#angelman.Resources" target="NBK1144">Resources</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1144#angelman.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK1144">Molecular Genetics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1144#angelman.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK1144">Chapter Notes</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1144#angelman.References" target="NBK1144">References</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
Aditi I Dagli  |  Jennifer Mathews  |  Charles A Williams   <a href="/books/NBK1144" target="NBK1144" title="NCBI Bookshelf: Angelman Syndrome">view full author information</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />Angelman syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mental retardation, movement or balance disorder, typical abnormal behaviors, and severe limitations in speech and language. Most cases are caused by absence of a maternal contribution to the imprinted region on chromosome 15q11-q13. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS; 176270) is a clinically distinct disorder resulting from paternal deletion of the same 15q11-q13 region. In addition, the chromosome 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome (608636) shows overlapping clinical features.&#13;
Clayton-Smith and Pembrey (1992) provided a review of Angelman syndrome. Cassidy and Schwartz (1998) reviewed the molecular and clinical aspects of both Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome. Horsthemke and Wagstaff (2008) provided a detailed review of the mechanisms of imprinting of the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome region.&#13;
Van Buggenhout and Fryns (2009) provided a review of Angelman syndrome and discussed genetic counseling of the disorder, which can show a recurrence risk of up to 50%, depending on the underlying genetic mechanism.  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/105830">http://www.omim.org/entry/105830</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Angelman syndrome is a complex genetic disorder that primarily affects the nervous system. Characteristic features of this condition include delayed development, intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, and problems with movement and balance (ataxia). Most affected children also have recurrent seizures (epilepsy) and a small head size (microcephaly). Delayed development becomes noticeable by the age of 6 to 12 months, and other common signs and symptoms usually appear in early childhood.<br /><br />Children with Angelman syndrome typically have a happy, excitable demeanor with frequent smiling, laughter, and hand-flapping movements. Hyperactivity and a short attention span are common. Most affected children also have difficulty sleeping and need less sleep than usual.<br /><br />With age, people with Angelman syndrome become less excitable, and the sleeping problems tend to improve. However, affected individuals continue to have intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, and seizures throughout their lives. Adults with Angelman syndrome have distinctive facial features that may be described as "coarse." Other common features include unusually fair skin with light-colored hair and an abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine (scoliosis). The life expectancy of people with this condition appears to be nearly normal.  <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/angelman-syndrome">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/angelman-syndrome</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_18127"><div><strong>Obesity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18127</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0028754</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Accumulation of substantial excess body fat.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18127">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Obesity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2018127%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1101"><div><strong>Constipation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1101</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009806</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1101">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Constipation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201101%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_436211"><div><strong>Feeding difficulties in infancy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>436211</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2674608</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Impaired feeding performance of an infant as manifested by difficulties such as weak and ineffective sucking, brief bursts of sucking, and falling asleep during sucking. There may be difficulties with chewing or maintaining attention.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/436211">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Feeding%20difficulties%20in%20infancy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20436211%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_849"><div><strong>Cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0007758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_48638"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, severe</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>48638</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036857</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Severe mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 20-34.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/48638">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20severe%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2048638%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_56235"><div><strong>EEG abnormality</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>56235</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151611</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormality observed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which is used to record of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/56235">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22EEG%20abnormality%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2056235%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57738"><div><strong>Hyperreflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57738</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57738">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperreflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057738%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66690"><div><strong>Clumsiness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66690</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0233844</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lack of physical coordination resulting in an abnormal tendency to drop items or bump into objects.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66690">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Clumsiness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066690%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_115980"><div><strong>Limb tremor</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>115980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0235081</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/115980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Limb%20tremor%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20115980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66034"><div><strong>Delayed ability to walk</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66034</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241726</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66034">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20ability%20to%20walk%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066034%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98406"><div><strong>Hyperactivity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98406</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0424295</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperactivity is a condition characterized by constant and unusually high levels of activity, even in situations where it is deemed inappropriate.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98406">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperactivity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098406%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_167799"><div><strong>Broad-based gait</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>167799</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0856863</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal gait pattern in which persons stand and walk with their feet spaced widely apart. This is often a component of cerebellar ataxia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/167799">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Broad-based%20gait%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20167799%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_167920"><div><strong>Circadian rhythm sleep disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>167920</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0877792</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any abnormality of an individual's circadian rhythm that affects the timing of sleeping and being awake is referred to as a sleep-wake disorder.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/167920">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Circadian%20rhythm%20sleep%20disorder%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20167920%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_374299"><div><strong>Paroxysmal bursts of laughter</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>374299</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839749</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/374299">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Paroxysmal%20bursts%20of%20laughter%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20374299%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_375309"><div><strong>Progressive gait ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375309</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1843885</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of gait ataxia displaying progression of clinical severity.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/375309">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Progressive%20gait%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20375309%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_337397"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, progressive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337397</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1846149</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The term progressive intellectual disability should be used if intelligence decreases/deteriorates over time.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337397">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20progressive%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20337397%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_381392"><div><strong>Motor delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>381392</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854301</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/381392">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Motor%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20381392%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_340737"><div><strong>Absent speech</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340737</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854882</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340737">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Absent%20speech%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20340737%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_344654"><div><strong>Happy demeanor</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344654</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1856115</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A conspicuously happy disposition, characterized by frequent smiling and laughing, which may be contextually inappropriate or unrelated to the situation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344654">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Happy%20demeanor%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20344654%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1646740"><div><strong>Cerebral cortical atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646740</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551583</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy of the cortex of the cerebrum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646740">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebral%20cortical%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201646740%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11348"><div><strong>Scoliosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11348</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036439</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11348">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Scoliosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011348%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113165"><div><strong>Brachycephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113165</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221356</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a decreased anterior-posterior diameter. That is, a cephalic index greater than 81%. Alternatively, an apparently shortened anteroposterior dimension (length) of the head compared to width.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113165">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Brachycephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113165%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66804"><div><strong>Hypoplasia of the maxilla</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66804</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0240310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally small dimension of the Maxilla. Usually creating a malocclusion or malalignment between the upper and lower teeth or resulting in a deficient amount of projection of the base of the nose and lower midface region.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66804">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplasia%20of%20the%20maxilla%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066804%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_608952"><div><strong>Secondary microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>608952</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431352</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Head circumference which falls below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender because of insufficient head growth after birth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/608952">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Secondary%20microcephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20608952%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_332439"><div><strong>Flat occiput</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>332439</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837402</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced convexity of the occiput (posterior part of skull).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/332439">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Flat%20occiput%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20332439%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_346841"><div><strong>Generalized hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858120</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346841">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20346841%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8484"><div><strong>Drooling</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8484</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013132</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Habitual flow of saliva out of the mouth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8484">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Drooling%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208484%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44236"><div><strong>Macroglossia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44236</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024421</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased length and width of the tongue.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44236">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Macroglossia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044236%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44238"><div><strong>Wide mouth</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44238</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024433</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between the oral commissures more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased width of the oral aperture (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44238">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Wide%20mouth%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044238%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66831"><div><strong>Protruding tongue</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66831</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241442</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Tongue extending beyond the alveolar ridges or teeth at rest.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66831">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Protruding%20tongue%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066831%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98316"><div><strong>Mandibular prognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98316</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0399526</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal prominence of the chin related to increased length of the mandible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98316">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mandibular%20prognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098316%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_337093"><div><strong>Widely spaced teeth</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337093</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1844813</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased spaces (diastemata) between most of the teeth in the same dental arch.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337093">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Widely%20spaced%20teeth%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20337093%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_102477"><div><strong>Hypopigmentation of the skin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>102477</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0162835</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduction of skin color related to a decrease in melanin production and deposition.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/102477">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20102477%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_336542"><div><strong>Fair hair</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336542</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849221</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A lesser degree of hair pigmentation than would otherwise be expected.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336542">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Fair%20hair%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20336542%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_4613"><div><strong>Exotropia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4613</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0015310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A form of strabismus with one or both eyes deviated outward.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4613">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Exotropia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%204613%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44558"><div><strong>Myopia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44558</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0027092</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nearsightedness, also known as myopia, is an eye condition that causes blurry distance vision. People who are nearsighted have more trouble seeing things that are far away (such as when driving) than things that are close up (such as when reading or using a computer). If it is not treated with corrective lenses or surgery, nearsightedness can lead to squinting, eyestrain, headaches, and significant visual impairment.\n\nNearsightedness usually begins in childhood or adolescence. It tends to worsen with age until adulthood, when it may stop getting worse (stabilize). In some people, nearsightedness improves in later adulthood.\n\nFor normal vision, light passes through the clear cornea at the front of the eye and is focused by the lens onto the surface of the retina, which is the lining of the back of the eye that contains light-sensing cells. People who are nearsighted typically have eyeballs that are too long from front to back. As a result, light entering the eye is focused too far forward, in front of the retina instead of on its surface. It is this change that causes distant objects to appear blurry. The longer the eyeball is, the farther forward light rays will be focused and the more severely nearsighted a person will be.\n\nNearsightedness is measured by how powerful a lens must be to correct it. The standard unit of lens power is called a diopter. Negative (minus) powered lenses are used to correct nearsightedness. The more severe a person's nearsightedness, the larger the number of diopters required for correction. In an individual with nearsightedness, one eye may be more nearsighted than the other.\n\nEye doctors often refer to nearsightedness less than -5 or -6 diopters as "common myopia." Nearsightedness of -6 diopters or more is commonly called "high myopia." This distinction is important because high myopia increases a person's risk of developing other eye problems that can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness. These problems include tearing and detachment of the retina, clouding of the lens (cataract), and an eye disease called glaucoma that is usually related to increased pressure within the eye. The risk of these other eye problems increases with the severity of the nearsightedness. The term "pathological myopia" is used to describe cases in which high myopia leads to tissue damage within the eye.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44558">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myopia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044558%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_45166"><div><strong>Nystagmus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>45166</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0028738</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/45166">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Nystagmus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2045166%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21337"><div><strong>Strabismus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21337">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Strabismus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021337%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_473112"><div><strong>Deeply set eye</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>473112</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423224</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/473112">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Deeply%20set%20eye%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20473112%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_108297"><div><strong>Blue irides</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>108297</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0578626</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A markedly blue coloration of the iris.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/108297">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Blue%20irides%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20108297%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8484" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Drooling</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44236" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Macroglossia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98316" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mandibular prognathia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66831" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Protruding tongue</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44238" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wide mouth</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_337093" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Widely spaced teeth</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1101" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Constipation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_436211" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Feeding difficulties in infancy</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_108297" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Blue irides</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_473112" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deeply set eye</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_4613" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Exotropia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44558" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myopia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_45166" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nystagmus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Strabismus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_336542" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fair hair</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_102477" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypopigmentation of the skin</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113165" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brachycephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_332439" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Flat occiput</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_346841" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66804" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplasia of the maxilla</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11348" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Scoliosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_608952" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Secondary microcephaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_340737" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Absent speech</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_167799" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Broad-based gait</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1646740" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebral cortical atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_167920" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Circadian rhythm sleep disorder</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66690" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Clumsiness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66034" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed ability to walk</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_56235" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">EEG abnormality</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_344654" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Happy demeanor</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98406" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperactivity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57738" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperreflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_337397" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, progressive</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_48638" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, severe</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_115980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Limb tremor</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_381392" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Motor delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_374299" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Paroxysmal bursts of laughter</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_375309" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progressive gait ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_18127" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Obesity</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0162635[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=58144">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=58144" target="_blank" href="/omim/105830">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1144/" ref="ncbi_uid=58144">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=58144" ref="ncbi_uid=58144">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Angelman syndrome</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842751" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Chromosomal anomaly with epilepsy as a major feature">Chromosomal anomaly with epilepsy as a major feature</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Angelman syndrome</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842258" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Angelman syndrome due to a point mutation">Angelman syndrome due to a point mutation</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1826135" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Angelman syndrome due to imprinting defect in 15q11-q13">Angelman syndrome due to imprinting defect in 15q11-q13</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1797757" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Angelman syndrome due to maternal 15q11q13 deletion">Angelman syndrome due to maternal 15q11q13 deletion</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1826078" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Angelman syndrome due to paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15">Angelman syndrome due to paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=90&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Angelman syndrome</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37599585">Current and emerging treatment options for Angelman syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Keary CJ,
McDougle CJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Rev Neurother</span>
2023 Jul-Dec;23(9):835-844.
Epub 2023 Aug 21
doi: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2245568.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37599585" target="_blank">37599585</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35150089">A multidisciplinary approach and consensus statement to establish standards of care for Angelman syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Duis J,
Nespeca M,
Summers J,
Bird L,
Bindels-de Heus KGCB,
Valstar MJ,
de Wit MY,
Navis C,
Ten Hooven-Radstaake M,
van Iperen-Kolk BM,
Ernst S,
Dendrinos M,
Katz T,
Diaz-Medina G,
Katyayan A,
Nangia S,
Thibert R,
Glaze D,
Keary C,
Pelc K,
Simon N,
Sadhwani A,
Heussler H,
Wheeler A,
Woeber C,
DeRamus M,
Thomas A,
Kertcher E,
DeValk L,
Kalemeris K,
Arps K,
Baym C,
Harris N,
Gorham JP,
Bohnsack BL,
Chambers RC,
Harris S,
Chambers HG,
Okoniewski K,
Jalazo ER,
Berent A,
Bacino CA,
Williams C,
Anderson A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Genomic Med</span>
2022 Mar;10(3):e1843.
Epub 2022 Feb 11
doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1843.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35150089" target="_blank">35150089</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8922964" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34203304">Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Angelman Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yang L,
Shu X,
Mao S,
Wang Y,
Du X,
Zou C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genes (Basel)</span>
2021 Jun 28;12(7)
doi: 10.3390/genes12070987.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34203304" target="_blank">34203304</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8304328" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22angelman%20syndrome%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (63)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Curated<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpCurated"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3><h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="http://www.eurogentest.org/web/files/public/unit3/ClinicalUtilityGeneCards/Indication%20criteria%20-%20AS.pdf" target="_blank">Eurogentest, 2008</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38837855">Epilepsy, EEG and chromosomal rearrangements.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Paprocka J,
Coppola A,
Cuccurullo C,
Stawicka E,
Striano P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia Open</span>
2024 Aug;9(4):1192-1232.
Epub 2024 Jun 4
doi: 10.1002/epi4.12951.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38837855" target="_blank">38837855</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11296106" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35150089">A multidisciplinary approach and consensus statement to establish standards of care for Angelman syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Duis J,
Nespeca M,
Summers J,
Bird L,
Bindels-de Heus KGCB,
Valstar MJ,
de Wit MY,
Navis C,
Ten Hooven-Radstaake M,
van Iperen-Kolk BM,
Ernst S,
Dendrinos M,
Katz T,
Diaz-Medina G,
Katyayan A,
Nangia S,
Thibert R,
Glaze D,
Keary C,
Pelc K,
Simon N,
Sadhwani A,
Heussler H,
Wheeler A,
Woeber C,
DeRamus M,
Thomas A,
Kertcher E,
DeValk L,
Kalemeris K,
Arps K,
Baym C,
Harris N,
Gorham JP,
Bohnsack BL,
Chambers RC,
Harris S,
Chambers HG,
Okoniewski K,
Jalazo ER,
Berent A,
Bacino CA,
Williams C,
Anderson A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Genomic Med</span>
2022 Mar;10(3):e1843.
Epub 2022 Feb 11
doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1843.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35150089" target="_blank">35150089</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8922964" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27615419">Angelman syndrome - insights into a rare neurogenetic disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Buiting K,
Williams C,
Horsthemke B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Neurol</span>
2016 Oct;12(10):584-93.
Epub 2016 Sep 12
doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.133.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27615419" target="_blank">27615419</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26799351">Management of Sleep Disorders in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Blackmer AB,
Feinstein JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pharmacotherapy</span>
2016 Jan;36(1):84-98.
doi: 10.1002/phar.1686.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26799351" target="_blank">26799351</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26055866">Melatonin Treatment in Children with Developmental Disabilities.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schwichtenberg AJ,
Malow BA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Clin</span>
2015 Jun;10(2):181-7.
Epub 2015 Mar 23
doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2015.02.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26055866" target="_blank">26055866</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4461836" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Angelman%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (378)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35150089">A multidisciplinary approach and consensus statement to establish standards of care for Angelman syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Duis J,
Nespeca M,
Summers J,
Bird L,
Bindels-de Heus KGCB,
Valstar MJ,
de Wit MY,
Navis C,
Ten Hooven-Radstaake M,
van Iperen-Kolk BM,
Ernst S,
Dendrinos M,
Katz T,
Diaz-Medina G,
Katyayan A,
Nangia S,
Thibert R,
Glaze D,
Keary C,
Pelc K,
Simon N,
Sadhwani A,
Heussler H,
Wheeler A,
Woeber C,
DeRamus M,
Thomas A,
Kertcher E,
DeValk L,
Kalemeris K,
Arps K,
Baym C,
Harris N,
Gorham JP,
Bohnsack BL,
Chambers RC,
Harris S,
Chambers HG,
Okoniewski K,
Jalazo ER,
Berent A,
Bacino CA,
Williams C,
Anderson A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Genomic Med</span>
2022 Mar;10(3):e1843.
Epub 2022 Feb 11
doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1843.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35150089" target="_blank">35150089</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8922964" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34203304">Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Angelman Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yang L,
Shu X,
Mao S,
Wang Y,
Du X,
Zou C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genes (Basel)</span>
2021 Jun 28;12(7)
doi: 10.3390/genes12070987.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34203304" target="_blank">34203304</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8304328" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27615419">Angelman syndrome - insights into a rare neurogenetic disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Buiting K,
Williams C,
Horsthemke B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Neurol</span>
2016 Oct;12(10):584-93.
Epub 2016 Sep 12
doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.133.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27615419" target="_blank">27615419</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26040994">Angelman Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Margolis SS,
Sell GL,
Zbinden MA,
Bird LM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurotherapeutics</span>
2015 Jul;12(3):641-50.
doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0361-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26040994" target="_blank">26040994</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4489961" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26022164">Prader-Willi, Angelman, and 15q11-q13 Duplication Syndromes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kalsner L,
Chamberlain SJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
2015 Jun;62(3):587-606.
Epub 2015 Apr 22
doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2015.03.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26022164" target="_blank">26022164</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4449422" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Angelman%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (561)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32893075">Epilepsy in Angelman syndrome: A scoping review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Samanta D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain Dev</span>
2021 Jan;43(1):32-44.
Epub 2020 Sep 4
doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.08.014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32893075" target="_blank">32893075</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7688500" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31141786">Taurine and its analogs in neurological disorders: Focus on therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jakaria M,
Azam S,
Haque ME,
Jo SH,
Uddin MS,
Kim IS,
Choi DK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Redox Biol</span>
2019 Jun;24:101223.
Epub 2019 May 21
doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101223.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31141786" target="_blank">31141786</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6536745" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27860204">Angelman syndrome: Current and emerging therapies in 2016.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tan WH,
Bird LM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet</span>
2016 Dec;172(4):384-401.
Epub 2016 Nov 8
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31536.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27860204" target="_blank">27860204</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26799351">Management of Sleep Disorders in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Blackmer AB,
Feinstein JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pharmacotherapy</span>
2016 Jan;36(1):84-98.
doi: 10.1002/phar.1686.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26799351" target="_blank">26799351</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26040994">Angelman Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Margolis SS,
Sell GL,
Zbinden MA,
Bird LM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurotherapeutics</span>
2015 Jul;12(3):641-50.
doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0361-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26040994" target="_blank">26040994</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4489961" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Angelman%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (148)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34292487">The Cost of Raising Individuals with Fragile X or Chromosome 15 Imprinting Disorders in Australia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baker EK,
Arora S,
Amor DJ,
Date P,
Cross M,
O'Brien J,
Simons C,
Rogers C,
Goodall S,
Slee J,
Cahir C,
Godler DE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Autism Dev Disord</span>
2023 Apr;53(4):1682-1692.
Epub 2021 Jul 22
doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05193-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34292487" target="_blank">34292487</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31490639">Prenatal treatment path for angelman syndrome and other neurodevelopmental disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zylka MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Autism Res</span>
2020 Jan;13(1):11-17.
Epub 2019 Sep 6
doi: 10.1002/aur.2203.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31490639" target="_blank">31490639</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7968581" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28494826">Angelman Syndrome: Identification and Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bonello D,
Camilleri F,
Calleja-Agius J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neonatal Netw</span>
2017 May 1;36(3):142-151.
doi: 10.1891/0730-0832.36.3.142.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28494826" target="_blank">28494826</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25836705">Common genetic and epigenetic syndromes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Adams DJ,
Clark DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
2015 Apr;62(2):411-26.
Epub 2015 Jan 22
doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2014.11.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25836705" target="_blank">25836705</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11310796">The mouse p (pink-eyed dilution) and human P genes, oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2), and melanosomal pH.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brilliant MH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pigment Cell Res</span>
2001 Apr;14(2):86-93.
doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0749.2001.140203.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11310796" target="_blank">11310796</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Angelman%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (120)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38837855">Epilepsy, EEG and chromosomal rearrangements.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Paprocka J,
Coppola A,
Cuccurullo C,
Stawicka E,
Striano P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia Open</span>
2024 Aug;9(4):1192-1232.
Epub 2024 Jun 4
doi: 10.1002/epi4.12951.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38837855" target="_blank">38837855</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11296106" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37104860">Validation of the Observer-Reported Communication Ability (ORCA) Measure for Individuals With Angelman Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zigler CK,
Lin L,
McFatrich M,
Lucas N,
Gordon KL,
Jones HN,
Berent A,
Panagoulias J,
Evans P,
Reeve BB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Intellect Dev Disabil</span>
2023 May 1;128(3):204-218.
doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-128.3.204.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37104860" target="_blank">37104860</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36750385">Rates of Status Epilepticus and Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy in People With Genetic Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Donnan AM,
Schneider AL,
Russ-Hall S,
Churilov L,
Scheffer IE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2023 Apr 18;100(16):e1712-e1722.
Epub 2023 Feb 7
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207080.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36750385" target="_blank">36750385</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10115508" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30349119">Insights into imprinting from parent-of-origin phased methylomes and transcriptomes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zink F,
Magnusdottir DN,
Magnusson OT,
Walker NJ,
Morris TJ,
Sigurdsson A,
Halldorsson GH,
Gudjonsson SA,
Melsted P,
Ingimundardottir H,
Kristmundsdottir S,
Alexandersson KF,
Helgadottir A,
Gudmundsson J,
Rafnar T,
Jonsdottir I,
Holm H,
Eyjolfsson GI,
Sigurdardottir O,
Olafsson I,
Masson G,
Gudbjartsson DF,
Thorsteinsdottir U,
Halldorsson BV,
Stacey SN,
Stefansson K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Genet</span>
2018 Nov;50(11):1542-1552.
Epub 2018 Oct 22
doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0232-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30349119" target="_blank">30349119</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20803658">Russell-Silver syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Eggermann T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet</span>
2010 Aug 15;154C(3):355-64.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30274.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20803658" target="_blank">20803658</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Angelman%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (328)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36833226">Status Epilepticus in Chromosomal Disorders Associated with Epilepsy: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bergonzini L,
Pruccoli J,
Pettenuzzo I,
Pugliano R,
Soliani L,
Fetta A,
Cordelli DM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genes (Basel)</span>
2023 Jan 23;14(2)
doi: 10.3390/genes14020299.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36833226" target="_blank">36833226</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9956098" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36007813">Systematic Review: Emotion Dysregulation in Syndromic Causes of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shaffer RC,
Reisinger DL,
Schmitt LM,
Lamy M,
Dominick KC,
Smith EG,
Coffman MC,
Esbensen AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry</span>
2023 May;62(5):518-557.
Epub 2022 Aug 22
doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.06.020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36007813" target="_blank">36007813</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35303699">The role of vagus nerve stimulation in genetic etiologies of drug-resistant epilepsy: a meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hajtovic S,
LoPresti MA,
Zhang L,
Katlowitz KA,
Kizek DJ,
Lam S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurosurg Pediatr</span>
2022 Jun 1;29(6):667-680.
Epub 2022 Mar 18
doi: 10.3171/2022.1.PEDS222.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35303699" target="_blank">35303699</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31869773">Interventions to improve sleep for individuals with Angelman syndrome: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Egan M,
Farrell K,
Hoey E,
McGuire BE,
Lydon HK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Res Dev Disabil</span>
2020 Feb;97:103554.
Epub 2019 Dec 20
doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103554.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31869773" target="_blank">31869773</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30014250">Movement Disorders and Syndromic Autism: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bell L,
Wittkowski A,
Hare DJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Autism Dev Disord</span>
2019 Jan;49(1):54-67.
doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3658-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30014250" target="_blank">30014250</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6331489" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Angelman%20syndrome%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162635%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (85)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162635%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F29" target="_blank">Detection of homozygosity (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162635%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A3%5F23" target="_blank">FISH-interphase (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162635%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A3%5F24" target="_blank">FISH-metaphase (15)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162635%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A3%5F31" target="_blank">Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162635%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F15" target="_blank">Methylation analysis (54)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162635%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F17" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of the entire coding region (3)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162635%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162635%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (85)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162635%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (24)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162635%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F20" target="_blank">Uniparental disomy study (UPD) (10)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162635%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (181)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=105830" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=72" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Angelman%20syndrome" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22angelman%20syndrome%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Angelman%20syndrome%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul><h3 class="subhead">Curated</h3><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eurogentest.org/web/files/public/unit3/ClinicalUtilityGeneCards/Indication%20criteria%20-%20AS.pdf">Eurogentest, 2008</a><div></div></li></ul></div>
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