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<meta name="keywords" content="C0085614, atrioventricular block first degree, atrioventricular block, first degree, atrioventricular block, first-degree, av block first degree, disease or syndrome, first degree atrioventricular block, first degree av block, first degree heart block, first-degree atrioventricular block, incomplete atrioventricular block, first degree, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Delay of conduction through the atrioventricular node, which is manifested as prolongation of the PR interval in the electrocardiogram (EKG). All atrial impulses reach the ventricles." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>First degree atrioventricular block (Concept Id: C0085614)
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<!--
UID=43215
ConceptID=C0085614
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">First degree atrioventricular block</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>43215</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0085614</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>First degree heart block</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>First degree atrioventricular block (270492004); First degree heart block (270492004); Incomplete atrioventricular block, first degree (270492004)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011705">HP:0011705</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0000466" target="_blank">MONDO:0000466</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Delay of conduction through the atrioventricular node, which is manifested as prolongation of the PR interval in the electrocardiogram (EKG). All atrial impulses reach the ventricles. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">First degree atrioventricular block</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116727" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the cardiovascular system">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869166" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology">Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1393551" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of cardiovascular system electrophysiology">Abnormality of cardiovascular system electrophysiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2039" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cardiac arrhythmia">Cardiac arrhythmia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/42363" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Heart block">Heart block</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/13956" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Atrioventricular block">Atrioventricular block</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">First degree atrioventricular block</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120524"><div><strong>Holt-Oram syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120524</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265264</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) is characterized by upper-limb defects, congenital heart malformation, and cardiac conduction disease. Upper-limb malformations may be unilateral, bilateral/symmetric, or bilateral/asymmetric and can range from triphalangeal or absent thumb(s) to phocomelia. Other upper-limb malformations can include unequal arm length caused by aplasia or hypoplasia of the radius, fusion or anomalous development of the carpal and thenar bones, abnormal forearm pronation and supination, abnormal opposition of the thumb, sloping shoulders, and restriction of shoulder joint movement. An abnormal carpal bone is present in all affected individuals and may be the only evidence of disease. A congenital heart malformation is present in 75% of individuals with HOS and most commonly involves the septum. Atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect can vary in number, size, and location. Complex congenital heart malformations can also occur in individuals with HOS. Individuals with HOS with or without a congenital heart malformation are at risk for cardiac conduction disease. While individuals may present at birth with sinus bradycardia and first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, AV block can progress unpredictably to a higher grade including complete heart block with and without atrial fibrillation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120524">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98048"><div><strong>Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2, autosomal dominant</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98048</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0410190</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is characterized by the clinical triad of: joint contractures that begin in early childhood; slowly progressive muscle weakness and wasting initially in a humero-peroneal distribution that later extends to the scapular and pelvic girdle muscles; and cardiac involvement that may manifest as palpitations, presyncope and syncope, poor exercise tolerance, and congestive heart failure along with variable cardiac rhythm disturbances. Age of onset, severity, and progression of muscle and cardiac involvement demonstrate both inter- and intrafamilial variability. Clinical variability ranges from early onset with severe presentation in childhood to late onset with slow progression in adulthood. In general, joint contractures appear during the first two decades, followed by muscle weakness and wasting. Cardiac involvement usually occurs after the second decade and respiratory function may be impaired in some individuals.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98048">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_258500"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>258500</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1449563</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">LMNA-related dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by left ventricular enlargement and/or reduced systolic function preceded (sometimes by many years) by or accompanied by conduction system disease and/or arrhythmias. LMNA-related DCM usually presents in early to mid-adulthood with symptomatic conduction system disease or arrhythmias, or with symptomatic DCM including heart failure or embolus from a left ventricular mural thrombus. Sudden cardiac death can occur, and in some instances is the presenting manifestation; sudden cardiac death may occur with minimal or no systolic dysfunction.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/258500">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_320273"><div><strong>Sick sinus syndrome 2, autosomal dominant</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>320273</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1834144</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Sick sinus syndrome (also known as sinus node dysfunction) is a group of related heart conditions that can affect how the heart beats. "Sick sinus" refers to the sino-atrial (SA) node, which is an area of specialized cells in the heart that functions as a natural pacemaker. The SA node generates electrical impulses that start each heartbeat. These signals travel from the SA node to the rest of the heart, signaling the heart (cardiac) muscle to contract and pump blood. In people with sick sinus syndrome, the SA node does not function normally. In some cases, it does not produce the right signals to trigger a regular heartbeat. In others, abnormalities disrupt the electrical impulses and prevent them from reaching the rest of the heart.\n\nSick sinus syndrome tends to cause the heartbeat to be too slow (bradycardia), although occasionally the heartbeat is too fast (tachycardia). In some cases, the heartbeat rapidly switches from being too fast to being too slow, a condition known as tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome. Symptoms related to abnormal heartbeats can include dizziness, light-headedness, fainting (syncope), a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations), and confusion or memory problems. During exercise, many affected individuals experience chest pain, difficulty breathing, or excessive tiredness (fatigue). Once symptoms of sick sinus syndrome appear, they usually worsen with time. However, some people with the condition never experience any related health problems.\n\nSick sinus syndrome occurs most commonly in older adults, although it can be diagnosed in people of any age. The condition increases the risk of several life-threatening problems involving the heart and blood vessels. These include a heart rhythm abnormality called atrial fibrillation, heart failure, cardiac arrest, and stroke.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/320273">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349005"><div><strong>Left ventricular noncompaction 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349005</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858725</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is characterized by numerous prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses in hypertrophied and hypokinetic segments of the left ventricle (Sasse-Klaassen et al., 2004). The mechanistic basis is thought to be an intrauterine arrest of myocardial development with lack of compaction of the loose myocardial meshwork. LVNC may occur in isolation or in association with congenital heart disease. Distinctive morphologic features can be recognized on 2-dimensional echocardiography (Kurosaki et al., 1999). Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium is sometimes referred to as spongy myocardium. Stollberger et al. (2002) commented that the term 'isolated LVNC,' meaning LVNC without coexisting cardiac abnormalities, is misleading, because additional cardiac abnormalities are found in nearly all patients with LVNC.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Left Ventricular Noncompaction&#13; A locus for autosomal dominant left ventricular noncompaction has been identified on chromosome 11p15 (LVNC2; 609470).&#13; LVNC3 (see 605906) is caused by mutation in the LDB3 gene (605906) on chromosome 10q23. LVNC4 (see 613424) is caused by mutation in the ACTC1 gene (102540) on chromosome 15q14. LVNC5 (see 613426) is caused by mutation in the MYH7 gene (160760) on chromosome 14q12. LVNC6 (see 601494) is caused by mutation in the TNNT2 gene (191045) on chromosome 1q32. LVNC7 (615092) is caused by mutation in the MIB1 gene (608677) on chromosome 18q11. LVNC8 (615373) is caused by mutation in the PRDM16 gene (605557) on chromosome 1p36. LVNC9 (see 611878) is caused by mutation in the TPM1 gene (191010) on chromosome 15q22. LVNC10 (615396) is caused by mutation in the MYBPC3 gene (600958) on chromosome 11p11.&#13; LVNC can also occur as part of an X-linked disorder, Barth syndrome (302060), caused by mutation in the TAZ gene (300394) on chromosome Xq28.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349005">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_350526"><div><strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350526</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1861862</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">While most people with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are symptom-free or have only mild symptoms, this condition can have serious consequences. It can cause abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that may be life threatening. People with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have an increased risk of sudden death, even if they have no other symptoms of the condition. A small number of affected individuals develop potentially fatal heart failure, which may require heart transplantation.\n\nNonfamilial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy tends to be milder. This form typically begins later in life than familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and affected individuals have a lower risk of serious cardiac events and sudden death than people with the familial form.\n\nThe symptoms of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are variable, even within the same family. Many affected individuals have no symptoms. Other people with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may experience chest pain; shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion; a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations); lightheadedness; dizziness; and fainting.\n\nIn familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac thickening usually occurs in the interventricular septum, which is the muscular wall that separates the lower left chamber of the heart (the left ventricle) from the lower right chamber (the right ventricle). In some people, thickening of the interventricular septum impedes the flow of oxygen-rich blood from the heart, which may lead to an abnormal heart sound during a heartbeat (heart murmur) and other signs and symptoms of the condition. Other affected individuals do not have physical obstruction of blood flow, but the pumping of blood is less efficient, which can also lead to symptoms of the condition. Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often begins in adolescence or young adulthood, although it can develop at any time throughout life.\n\nHypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart condition characterized by thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart (cardiac) muscle. When multiple members of a family have the condition, it is known as familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy also occurs in people with no family history; these cases are considered nonfamilial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. </div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350526">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_382031"><div><strong>Brugada syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>382031</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2673193</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Brugada syndrome is characterized by cardiac conduction abnormalities (ST segment abnormalities in leads V1-V3 on EKG and a high risk for ventricular arrhythmias) that can result in sudden death. Brugada syndrome presents primarily during adulthood, although age at diagnosis may range from infancy to late adulthood. The mean age of sudden death is approximately 40 years. Clinical presentations may also include sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS; death of a child during the first year of life without an identifiable cause) and sudden unexpected nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS), a typical presentation in individuals from Southeast Asia. Other conduction defects can include first-degree AV block, intraventricular conduction delay, right bundle branch block, and sick sinus syndrome.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/382031">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462308"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1V</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462308</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150958</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PSEN2 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462308">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_463620"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1U</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>463620</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3160720</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PSEN1 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/463620">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_886881"><div><strong>Steinert myotonic dystrophy syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>886881</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3250443</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystem disorder that affects skeletal and smooth muscle as well as the eye, heart, endocrine system, and central nervous system. The clinical findings, which span a continuum from mild to severe, have been categorized into three somewhat overlapping phenotypes: mild, classic, and congenital. Mild DM1 is characterized by cataract and mild myotonia (sustained muscle contraction); life span is normal. Classic DM1 is characterized by muscle weakness and wasting, myotonia, cataract, and often cardiac conduction abnormalities; adults may become physically disabled and may have a shortened life span. Congenital DM1 is characterized by hypotonia and severe generalized weakness at birth, often with respiratory insufficiency and early death; intellectual disability is common.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/886881">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815528"><div><strong>Pulmonary hypertension, primary, 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815528</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3809198</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary pulmonary hypertension is a rare progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure in the absence of common causes of pulmonary hypertension, such as chronic heart, lung, or thromboembolic disease. There is often vascular remodeling. The clinical presentation can be nonspecific, and patients often receive a diagnosis late in their clinical course (summary by Ma et al., 2013).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary pulmonary hypertension, see PPH1 (178600).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815528">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_816468"><div><strong>Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>816468</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3810138</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia-13 (ARVD13) is characterized by progressive fibrofatty myocardial replacement, primarily of the right ventricle. The main clinical features are structural and functional abnormalities of the ventricles, electrocardiographic depolarization/repolarization changes, reentrant arrhythmias, and sudden death (summary by van Hengel et al., 2013).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/816468">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934603"><div><strong>Atrial fibrillation, familial, 18</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934603</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310636</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial atrial fibrillation is an inherited abnormality of the heart's normal rhythm. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by episodes of uncoordinated electrical activity (fibrillation) in the heart's upper chambers (the atria), which cause a fast and irregular heartbeat. If untreated, this abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) can lead to dizziness, chest pain, a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations), shortness of breath, or fainting (syncope). Atrial fibrillation also increases the risk of stroke and sudden death. Complications of atrial fibrillation can occur at any age, although some people with this heart condition never experience any health problems associated with the disorder.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934603">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1384302"><div><strong>MYPN-related myopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1384302</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4479186</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital myopathy-24 (CMYO24) is an autosomal recessive congenital myopathy characterized by onset of slowly progressive muscle weakness in the first decade. Affected individuals present with gait difficulties due to proximal muscle weakness and atrophy mainly affecting the lower limbs and neck. Muscle biopsy shows nemaline bodies. Some patients may have mild cardiac or respiratory involvement, but they do not have respiratory failure (summary by Miyatake et al., 2017).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of congenital myopathy, see 117000.&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nemaline myopathy, see 256030.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1384302">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1646392"><div><strong>Atrial standstill 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646392</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551959</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrial standstill (AS) is a rare condition characterized by the absence of electrical and mechanical activity in the atria. On surface ECG, AS is distinguished by bradycardia, junctional (usually narrow complex) escape rhythm, and absence of the P wave. Nearly 50% of patients with AS experience syncope. AS can be persistent or transient, and diffuse or partial (summary by Fazelifar et al., 2005).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646392">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1720295"><div><strong>Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 1, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1720295</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5243475</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is characterized by the clinical triad of: joint contractures that begin in early childhood; slowly progressive muscle weakness and wasting initially in a humero-peroneal distribution that later extends to the scapular and pelvic girdle muscles; and cardiac involvement that may manifest as palpitations, presyncope and syncope, poor exercise tolerance, and congestive heart failure along with variable cardiac rhythm disturbances. Age of onset, severity, and progression of muscle and cardiac involvement demonstrate both inter- and intrafamilial variability. Clinical variability ranges from early onset with severe presentation in childhood to late onset with slow progression in adulthood. In general, joint contractures appear during the first two decades, followed by muscle weakness and wasting. Cardiac involvement usually occurs after the second decade and respiratory function may be impaired in some individuals.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1720295">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823998"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and visual impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823998</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774225</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and visual impairment (NEDMVIC) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay, impaired intellectual development, facial dysmorphism, and microcephaly (Ziegler et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823998">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_816468" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 13</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934603" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial fibrillation, familial, 18</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1646392" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial standstill 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_382031" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brugada syndrome 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_258500" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1A</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (17)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_463620" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1U</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462308" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1V</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1720295" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 1, X-linked</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98048" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2, autosomal dominant</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120524" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Holt-Oram syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_350526" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349005" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Left ventricular noncompaction 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1384302" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">MYPN-related myopathy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823998" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and visual impairment</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815528" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonary hypertension, primary, 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_320273" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sick sinus syndrome 2, autosomal dominant</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_886881" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Steinert myotonic dystrophy syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38103766">Risk Assessment of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients With Preexisting Right Bundle Branch Block.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sugiyama Y,
Miyashita H,
Yokoyama H,
Ochiai T,
Shishido K,
Jalanko M,
Yamanaka F,
Vähäsilta T,
Saito S,
Laine M,
Moriyama N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Cardiol</span>
2024 Feb 15;213:151-160.
Epub 2023 Dec 15
doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.12.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38103766" target="_blank">38103766</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19584727">Prevention of complete heart block in children of mothers with anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La autoantibodies: detection and treatment of first-degree atrioventricular block.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mevorach D,
Elchalal U,
Rein AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Rheumatol</span>
2009 Sep;21(5):478-82.
doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32832ed817.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19584727" target="_blank">19584727</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17334913">First-degree atrioventricular block. Clinical manifestations, indications for pacing, pacemaker management &amp; consequences during cardiac resynchronization.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barold SS,
Ilercil A,
Leonelli F,
Herweg B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Interv Card Electrophysiol</span>
2006 Nov;17(2):139-52.
Epub 2007 Mar 2
doi: 10.1007/s10840-006-9065-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17334913" target="_blank">17334913</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22first%20degree%20atrioventricular%20block%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33059398">Electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abela M,
Sharma S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Minerva Cardiol Angiol</span>
2021 Oct;69(5):533-556.
Epub 2020 Oct 15
doi: 10.23736/S2724-5683.20.05331-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33059398" target="_blank">33059398</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26827074">Oral fingolimod in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (INFORMS): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lublin F,
Miller DH,
Freedman MS,
Cree BAC,
Wolinsky JS,
Weiner H,
Lubetzki C,
Hartung HP,
Montalban X,
Uitdehaag BMJ,
Merschhemke M,
Li B,
Putzki N,
Liu FC,
Häring DA,
Kappos L;
INFORMS study investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2016 Mar 12;387(10023):1075-1084.
Epub 2016 Jan 28
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01314-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26827074" target="_blank">26827074</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15667036">Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lin SH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mayo Clin Proc</span>
2005 Jan;80(1):99-105.
doi: 10.1016/S0025-6196(11)62965-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15667036" target="_blank">15667036</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7884199">Beta blocker toxicity after overdose: when do symptoms develop in adults?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Love JN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Emerg Med</span>
1994 Nov-Dec;12(6):799-802.
doi: 10.1016/0736-4679(94)90487-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7884199" target="_blank">7884199</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6373267">First degree atrioventricular block.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bexton RS,
Camm AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J</span>
1984 Mar;5 Suppl A:107-9.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/5.suppl_a.107.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6373267" target="_blank">6373267</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22First%20degree%20atrioventricular%20block%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (185)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26827074">Oral fingolimod in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (INFORMS): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lublin F,
Miller DH,
Freedman MS,
Cree BAC,
Wolinsky JS,
Weiner H,
Lubetzki C,
Hartung HP,
Montalban X,
Uitdehaag BMJ,
Merschhemke M,
Li B,
Putzki N,
Liu FC,
Häring DA,
Kappos L;
INFORMS study investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2016 Mar 12;387(10023):1075-1084.
Epub 2016 Jan 28
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01314-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26827074" target="_blank">26827074</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23873008">Association of WPW syndrome and first-degree atrioventricular block: electrocardiographic diagnosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang Y,
Liu R,
Chen Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Herz</span>
2014 Nov;39(7):834-6.
Epub 2013 Jul 21
doi: 10.1007/s00059-013-3877-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23873008" target="_blank">23873008</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23791585">First-degree atrioventricular block and pseudopacemaker syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Laurent G,
Eicher JC,
Wolf JE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Cardiovasc Dis</span>
2013 Dec;106(12):690-3.
Epub 2012 Dec 21
doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2012.02.014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23791585" target="_blank">23791585</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15667036">Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lin SH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mayo Clin Proc</span>
2005 Jan;80(1):99-105.
doi: 10.1016/S0025-6196(11)62965-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15667036" target="_blank">15667036</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/5573383">Electrophysiological significance of first degree atrioventricular block with intraventricular conduction disturbance.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rosen KM,
Rahimtoola SH,
Chuquimia R,
Loeb HS,
Gunnar RM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
1971 Apr;43(4):491-502.
doi: 10.1161/01.cir.43.4.491.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/5573383" target="_blank">5573383</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22First%20degree%20atrioventricular%20block%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (191)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26827074">Oral fingolimod in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (INFORMS): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lublin F,
Miller DH,
Freedman MS,
Cree BAC,
Wolinsky JS,
Weiner H,
Lubetzki C,
Hartung HP,
Montalban X,
Uitdehaag BMJ,
Merschhemke M,
Li B,
Putzki N,
Liu FC,
Häring DA,
Kappos L;
INFORMS study investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2016 Mar 12;387(10023):1075-1084.
Epub 2016 Jan 28
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01314-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26827074" target="_blank">26827074</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23440164">Significance of first-degree atrioventricular block in acute endocarditis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Atallah PC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Intern Med</span>
2013 May 13;173(9):724, 726.
doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.3334a.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23440164" target="_blank">23440164</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19901148">Reversal of first-degree atrioventricular block in Fabry disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Blum A,
Podovitzky O,
Sheiman J,
Khasin M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Intern Med</span>
2009 Nov 9;169(20):1925-6.
doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.334.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19901148" target="_blank">19901148</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7884199">Beta blocker toxicity after overdose: when do symptoms develop in adults?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Love JN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Emerg Med</span>
1994 Nov-Dec;12(6):799-802.
doi: 10.1016/0736-4679(94)90487-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7884199" target="_blank">7884199</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/831549">First-degree atrioventricular block during lithium carbonate treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jaffe CM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Psychiatry</span>
1977 Jan;134(1):88-9.
doi: 10.1176/ajp.134.1.88.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/831549" target="_blank">831549</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22First%20degree%20atrioventricular%20block%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (144)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33115257">First-degree atrioventricular block in acute anterior myocardial infarction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zabeh A,
Jahanafrouz M,
Kazemi B,
Pourafkari L,
Davarmoin G,
Separham A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann</span>
2021 May;29(4):254-259.
Epub 2020 Oct 28
doi: 10.1177/0218492320971489.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33115257" target="_blank">33115257</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32146896">Prognostic Implication of First-Degree Atrioventricular Block in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Higuchi S,
Minami Y,
Shoda M,
Shirotani S,
Saito C,
Haruki S,
Gotou M,
Yagishita D,
Ejima K,
Hagiwara N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Heart Assoc</span>
2020 Mar 17;9(6):e015064.
Epub 2020 Mar 9
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.015064.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32146896" target="_blank">32146896</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7335505" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19901148">Reversal of first-degree atrioventricular block in Fabry disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Blum A,
Podovitzky O,
Sheiman J,
Khasin M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Intern Med</span>
2009 Nov 9;169(20):1925-6.
doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.334.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19901148" target="_blank">19901148</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7884199">Beta blocker toxicity after overdose: when do symptoms develop in adults?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Love JN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Emerg Med</span>
1994 Nov-Dec;12(6):799-802.
doi: 10.1016/0736-4679(94)90487-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7884199" target="_blank">7884199</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6373267">First degree atrioventricular block.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bexton RS,
Camm AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J</span>
1984 Mar;5 Suppl A:107-9.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/5.suppl_a.107.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6373267" target="_blank">6373267</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22First%20degree%20atrioventricular%20block%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (124)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33115257">First-degree atrioventricular block in acute anterior myocardial infarction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zabeh A,
Jahanafrouz M,
Kazemi B,
Pourafkari L,
Davarmoin G,
Separham A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann</span>
2021 May;29(4):254-259.
Epub 2020 Oct 28
doi: 10.1177/0218492320971489.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33115257" target="_blank">33115257</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33059398">Electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abela M,
Sharma S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Minerva Cardiol Angiol</span>
2021 Oct;69(5):533-556.
Epub 2020 Oct 15
doi: 10.23736/S2724-5683.20.05331-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33059398" target="_blank">33059398</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26879241">Prolonged PR interval, first-degree heart block and adverse cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kwok CS,
Rashid M,
Beynon R,
Barker D,
Patwala A,
Morley-Davies A,
Satchithananda D,
Nolan J,
Myint PK,
Buchan I,
Loke YK,
Mamas MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Heart</span>
2016 May;102(9):672-80.
Epub 2016 Feb 15
doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308956.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26879241" target="_blank">26879241</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25245870">Glyphosate-based herbicides potently affect cardiovascular system in mammals: review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gress S,
Lemoine S,
Séralini GE,
Puddu PE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cardiovasc Toxicol</span>
2015 Apr;15(2):117-26.
doi: 10.1007/s12012-014-9282-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25245870" target="_blank">25245870</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7884199">Beta blocker toxicity after overdose: when do symptoms develop in adults?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Love JN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Emerg Med</span>
1994 Nov-Dec;12(6):799-802.
doi: 10.1016/0736-4679(94)90487-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7884199" target="_blank">7884199</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22First%20degree%20atrioventricular%20block%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (119)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34775652">Predictors for the risk of permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang T,
Ou A,
Xia P,
Tian J,
Wang H,
Cheng Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Card Surg</span>
2022 Feb;37(2):377-405.
Epub 2021 Nov 14
doi: 10.1111/jocs.16129.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34775652" target="_blank">34775652</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33289527">Predictors of pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation according to kind of prosthesis and risk profile: a systematic review and contemporary meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bruno F,
D'Ascenzo F,
Vaira MP,
Elia E,
Omedè P,
Kodali S,
Barbanti M,
Rodès-Cabau J,
Husser O,
Sossalla S,
Van Mieghem NM,
Bax J,
Hildick-Smith D,
Munoz-Garcia A,
Pollari F,
Fischlein T,
Budano C,
Montefusco A,
Gallone G,
De Filippo O,
Rinaldi M,
la Torre M,
Salizzoni S,
Atzeni F,
Pocar M,
Conrotto F,
De Ferrari GM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes</span>
2021 Mar 15;7(2):143-153.
doi: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa089.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33289527" target="_blank">33289527</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29897909">Electrocardiographic abnormalities in Chagas disease in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rojas LZ,
Glisic M,
Pletsch-Borba L,
Echeverría LE,
Bramer WM,
Bano A,
Stringa N,
Zaciragic A,
Kraja B,
Asllanaj E,
Chowdhury R,
Morillo CA,
Rueda-Ochoa OL,
Franco OH,
Muka T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS Negl Trop Dis</span>
2018 Jun;12(6):e0006567.
Epub 2018 Jun 13
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006567.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29897909" target="_blank">29897909</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5999094" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28333936">Adenosine for postoperative analgesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jin X,
Mi W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS One</span>
2017;12(3):e0173518.
Epub 2017 Mar 23
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173518.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28333936" target="_blank">28333936</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5363816" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26879241">Prolonged PR interval, first-degree heart block and adverse cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kwok CS,
Rashid M,
Beynon R,
Barker D,
Patwala A,
Morley-Davies A,
Satchithananda D,
Nolan J,
Myint PK,
Buchan I,
Loke YK,
Mamas MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Heart</span>
2016 May;102(9):672-80.
Epub 2016 Feb 15
doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308956.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26879241" target="_blank">26879241</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22First%20degree%20atrioventricular%20block%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=First%20degree%20atrioventricular%20block" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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