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<meta name="keywords" content="C4021527, abdominal wall muscle weakness, finding, lax abdominal musculature, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Decreased strength of the abdominal musculature." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Abdominal wall muscle weakness (Concept Id: C4021527)
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<!--
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-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Abdominal wall muscle weakness</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867169</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021527</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Lax abdominal musculature</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0009023">HP:0009023</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Decreased strength of the abdominal musculature. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Abdominal wall muscle weakness</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1763488" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867380" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the musculature">Abnormality of the musculature</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868777" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal muscle physiology">Abnormal muscle physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/57735" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Muscle weakness">Muscle weakness</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Abdominal wall muscle weakness</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/533911" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Beevor sign">Beevor sign</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_124344"><div><strong>Vitamin D-dependent rickets, type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>124344</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268689</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Vitamin D-dependent rickets is a disorder of bone development that leads to softening and weakening of the bones (rickets). There are several forms of the condition that are distinguished primarily by their genetic causes: type 1A (VDDR1A), type 1B (VDDR1B), and type 2A (VDDR2A). There is also evidence of a very rare form of the condition, called type 2B (VDDR2B), although not much is known about this form.\n\nThe signs and symptoms of vitamin D-dependent rickets begin within months after birth, and most are the same for all types of the condition. The weak bones often cause bone pain and delayed growth and have a tendency to fracture. When affected children begin to walk, they may develop abnormally curved (bowed) legs because the bones are too weak to bear weight. Impaired bone development also results in widening of the areas near the ends of bones where new bone forms (metaphyses), especially in the knees, wrists, and ribs. Some people with vitamin D-dependent rickets have dental abnormalities such as thin tooth enamel and frequent cavities. Poor muscle tone (hypotonia) and muscle weakness are also common in this condition, and some affected individuals develop seizures.\n\nIn vitamin D-dependent rickets, there is an imbalance of certain substances in the blood. An early sign in all types of the condition is low levels of the mineral calcium (hypocalcemia), which is essential for the normal formation of bones and teeth. Affected individuals also develop high levels of a hormone involved in regulating calcium levels called parathyroid hormone (PTH), which leads to a condition called secondary hyperparathyroidism. Low levels of a mineral called phosphate (hypophosphatemia) also occur in affected individuals. Vitamin D-dependent rickets types 1 and 2 can be grouped by blood levels of a hormone called calcitriol, which is the active form of vitamin D; individuals with VDDR1A and VDDR1B have abnormally low levels of calcitriol and individuals with VDDR2A and VDDR2B have abnormally high levels.\n\nHair loss (alopecia) can occur in VDDR2A, although not everyone with this form of the condition has alopecia. Affected individuals can have sparse or patchy hair or no hair at all on their heads. Some affected individuals are missing body hair as well.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/124344">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_90989"><div><strong>Vitamin D-dependent rickets type II with alopecia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>90989</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0342646</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2A (VDDR2A) is caused by a defect in the vitamin D receptor gene. This defect leads to an increase in the circulating ligand, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Most patients have total alopecia in addition to rickets.&#13; VDDR2B (600785) is a form of vitamin D-dependent rickets with a phenotype similar to VDDR2A but a normal vitamin D receptor, in which end-organ resistance to vitamin D has been shown to be caused by a nuclear ribonucleoprotein that interferes with the vitamin D receptor-DNA interaction.&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of rickets due to disorders in vitamin D metabolism or action, see vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1A (VDDR1A; 264700).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/90989">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_231160"><div><strong>Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>231160</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1321551</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is characterized by: delayed motor and cognitive milestones and mild-to-moderate intellectual disability; craniosynostosis of the coronal, sagittal, or lambdoid sutures; distinctive craniofacial features; and musculoskeletal findings including olichostenomelia, arachnodactyly, camptodactyly, pectus excavatum or carinatum, scoliosis, joint hypermobility or contractures, pes planus, foot malposition, and C1-C2 spine malformation. Cardiovascular anomalies may include mitral valve prolapse, secundum atrial septal defect, and aortic root dilatation. Minimal subcutaneous fat, abdominal wall defects, and myopia are also characteristic findings.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/231160">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_394255"><div><strong>Diastasis recti and weakness of the linea alba</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>394255</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2677303</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/394255">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815799"><div><strong>Inclusion body myopathy with early-onset Paget disease with or without frontotemporal dementia 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815799</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3809469</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone (PDB) and/or frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) is characterized by adult-onset proximal and distal muscle weakness (clinically resembling a limb-girdle muscular dystrophy syndrome), early-onset PDB, and premature frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Muscle weakness progresses to involve other limb and respiratory muscles. PDB involves focal areas of increased bone turnover that typically lead to spine and/or hip pain and localized enlargement and deformity of the long bones; pathologic fractures occur on occasion. Early stages of FTD are characterized by dysnomia, dyscalculia, comprehension deficits, and paraphasic errors, with minimal impairment of episodic memory; later stages are characterized by inability to speak, auditory comprehension deficits for even one-step commands, alexia, and agraphia. Mean age at diagnosis for muscle disease and PDB is 42 years; for FTD, 56 years. Dilated cardiomyopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson disease are now known to be part of the spectrum of findings associated with IBMPFD.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815799">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648316"><div><strong>Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal dominant 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648316</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748295</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Calpainopathy is characterized by symmetric and progressive weakness of proximal limb-girdle muscles. Clinical findings of calpainopathy include the tendency to walk on tiptoe, difficulty in running, scapular winging, waddling gait, laxity of the abdominal muscles, Achilles tendon shortening, and scoliosis. Affected individuals typically do not have cardiac involvement or intellectual disability. Three autosomal recessive calpainopathy phenotypes have been identified based on the distribution of muscle weakness and age at onset: Pelvifemoral limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) (Leyden-Möbius LGMD) phenotype, the most frequently observed calpainopathy phenotype, in which muscle weakness is first evident in the pelvic girdle and later in the shoulder girdle, with onset that may occur as early as before age 12 years or as late as after age 30 years. Scapulohumeral LGMD (Erb LGMD) phenotype, usually a milder phenotype with infrequent early onset, in which muscle weakness is first evident in the shoulder girdle and later in the pelvic girdle. HyperCKemia, usually observed in children or young individuals, in which individuals are asymptomatic and have high serum creatine kinase (CK) concentrations. The autosomal dominant form of calpainopathy is clinically variable, ranging from almost asymptomatic to wheelchair dependence after age 60 years in a few individuals; phenotype is generally milder than the recessive form.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648316">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684735"><div><strong>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 77</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5231405</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome-4 (MCAHS4) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by onset of refractory seizures in the first months of life. Patients have severe global developmental delay, and may have additional variable features, including dysmorphic or coarse facial features, visual defects, and mild skeletal or renal anomalies. At the cellular level, the disorder is caused by a defect in the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), and thus affects the expression of GPI-anchored proteins at the cell surface (summary by Starr et al., 2019).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of MCAHS, see MCAHS1 (614080).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350.&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GPI biosynthesis defects, see GPIBD1 (610293).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684735">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1727901"><div><strong>Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1727901</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5399970</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) typically presents with weakness of the facial muscles, the stabilizers of the scapula, or the dorsiflexors of the foot. Severity is highly variable. Weakness is slowly progressive and approximately 20% of affected individuals eventually require a wheelchair. Life expectancy is not shortened.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1727901">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1812978"><div><strong>Inclusion body myopathy and brain white matter abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1812978</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676909</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Inclusion body myopathy and brain white matter abnormalities (IBMWMA) is an autosomal dominant adult-onset disorder characterized predominantly by proximal limb girdle muscle weakness affecting the lower and upper limbs and resulting in gait difficulties and scapular winging. Additional features may include dysarthria, dysphagia, low back pain, and hyporeflexia. EMG is consistent with a myopathic process, although neuropathic findings have also been shown. Muscle biopsy shows fiber type variation, internal nuclei, rimmed vacuoles, and cytoplasmic protein aggregates or inclusions. Serum creatine kinase is usually elevated. Cognitive impairment or frontotemporal dementia occurs in some patients. The disorder is slowly progressive; some patients become wheelchair-bound after many years. Rare patients with this mutation develop ALS; some have both myopathy and ALS. Brain imaging shows white matter abnormalities using diffusion tensor imaging. The disorder is classified as multisystem proteinopathy-6 (MSP6) due to the characteristic disease mechanism of protein misfolding and abnormal tissue deposition (summary by Leoni et al., 2021).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1812978">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 77</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_394255" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Diastasis recti and weakness of the linea alba</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1727901" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1812978" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Inclusion body myopathy and brain white matter abnormalities</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815799" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Inclusion body myopathy with early-onset Paget disease with or without frontotemporal dementia 3</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (9)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648316" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal dominant 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_231160" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_90989" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vitamin D-dependent rickets type II with alopecia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_124344" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vitamin D-dependent rickets, type 1</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29512814">Diastasis recti abdominis - a review of treatment methods.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Michalska A,
Rokita W,
Wolder D,
Pogorzelska J,
Kaczmarczyk K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ginekol Pol</span>
2018;89(2):97-101.
doi: 10.5603/GP.a2018.0016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29512814" target="_blank">29512814</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22786479">Biofeedback and/or sphincter exercises for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Norton C,
Cody JD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2012 Jul 11;2012(7):CD002111.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002111.pub3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22786479" target="_blank">22786479</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11365095" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16855987">Biofeedback and/or sphincter exercises for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Norton C,
Cody JD,
Hosker G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2006 Jul 19;(3):CD002111.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002111.pub2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16855987" target="_blank">16855987</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(abdominal%20wall%20muscle%20weakness)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (13)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37019456">Managing respiratory muscle weakness during weaning from invasive ventilation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bureau C,
Van Hollebeke M,
Dres M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Respir Rev</span>
2023 Jun 30;32(168)
Epub 2023 Apr 5
doi: 10.1183/16000617.0205-2022.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37019456" target="_blank">37019456</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10074167" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36026550">Updated guideline for closure of abdominal wall incisions from the European and American Hernia Societies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Deerenberg EB,
Henriksen NA,
Antoniou GA,
Antoniou SA,
Bramer WM,
Fischer JP,
Fortelny RH,
Gök H,
Harris HW,
Hope W,
Horne CM,
Jensen TK,
Köckerling F,
Kretschmer A,
López-Cano M,
Malcher F,
Shao JM,
Slieker JC,
de Smet GHJ,
Stabilini C,
Torkington J,
Muysoms FE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Surg</span>
2022 Nov 22;109(12):1239-1250.
doi: 10.1093/bjs/znac302.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36026550" target="_blank">36026550</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10364727" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31759521">Effect of pelvic floor muscle training on postpartum sexual function and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hadizadeh-Talasaz Z,
Sadeghi R,
Khadivzadeh T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2019 Nov;58(6):737-747.
doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.09.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31759521" target="_blank">31759521</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29512814">Diastasis recti abdominis - a review of treatment methods.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Michalska A,
Rokita W,
Wolder D,
Pogorzelska J,
Kaczmarczyk K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ginekol Pol</span>
2018;89(2):97-101.
doi: 10.5603/GP.a2018.0016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29512814" target="_blank">29512814</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24268942">Effects of exercise on diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle in the antenatal and postnatal periods: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Benjamin DR,
van de Water AT,
Peiris CL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Physiotherapy</span>
2014 Mar;100(1):1-8.
Epub 2013 Oct 5
doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2013.08.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24268942" target="_blank">24268942</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abdominal%20wall%20muscle%20weakness%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (295)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37019456">Managing respiratory muscle weakness during weaning from invasive ventilation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bureau C,
Van Hollebeke M,
Dres M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Respir Rev</span>
2023 Jun 30;32(168)
Epub 2023 Apr 5
doi: 10.1183/16000617.0205-2022.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37019456" target="_blank">37019456</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10074167" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37010819">Post-herpetic abdominal pseudohernia-A case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cheng YJ,
Ong S,
Koh WL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Australas J Dermatol</span>
2023 May;64(2):e162-e164.
Epub 2023 Apr 3
doi: 10.1111/ajd.14027.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37010819" target="_blank">37010819</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17880838">Posterior compartment defect repair in vaginal surgery: update on surgical techniques.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ginger VA,
Kobashi KC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Urol Rep</span>
2007 Sep;8(5):387-93.
doi: 10.1007/s11934-007-0036-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17880838" target="_blank">17880838</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10858803">Weakness of the pelvic floor: urological consequences.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thakar R,
Stanton SL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hosp Med</span>
2000 Apr;61(4):259-66.
doi: 10.12968/hosp.2000.61.4.1314.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10858803" target="_blank">10858803</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2146943">Beevor's sign and facioscapulohumeral dystrophy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Awerbuch GI,
Nigro MA,
Wishnow R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Neurol</span>
1990 Nov;47(11):1208-9.
doi: 10.1001/archneur.1990.00530110066018.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2146943" target="_blank">2146943</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abdominal%20wall%20muscle%20weakness%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (182)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39129175">A review of the role for pelvic floor physiotherapy in postmenopausal women with urinary incontinence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Walgren LA,
Wade C,
Dessaulles M,
Martin Ginis K,
Locke J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Post Reprod Health</span>
2024 Dec;30(4):239-245.
Epub 2024 Aug 11
doi: 10.1177/20533691241272830.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39129175" target="_blank">39129175</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37019456">Managing respiratory muscle weakness during weaning from invasive ventilation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bureau C,
Van Hollebeke M,
Dres M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Respir Rev</span>
2023 Jun 30;32(168)
Epub 2023 Apr 5
doi: 10.1183/16000617.0205-2022.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37019456" target="_blank">37019456</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10074167" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36026550">Updated guideline for closure of abdominal wall incisions from the European and American Hernia Societies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Deerenberg EB,
Henriksen NA,
Antoniou GA,
Antoniou SA,
Bramer WM,
Fischer JP,
Fortelny RH,
Gök H,
Harris HW,
Hope W,
Horne CM,
Jensen TK,
Köckerling F,
Kretschmer A,
López-Cano M,
Malcher F,
Shao JM,
Slieker JC,
de Smet GHJ,
Stabilini C,
Torkington J,
Muysoms FE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Surg</span>
2022 Nov 22;109(12):1239-1250.
doi: 10.1093/bjs/znac302.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36026550" target="_blank">36026550</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10364727" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31759521">Effect of pelvic floor muscle training on postpartum sexual function and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hadizadeh-Talasaz Z,
Sadeghi R,
Khadivzadeh T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2019 Nov;58(6):737-747.
doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.09.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31759521" target="_blank">31759521</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24268942">Effects of exercise on diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle in the antenatal and postnatal periods: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Benjamin DR,
van de Water AT,
Peiris CL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Physiotherapy</span>
2014 Mar;100(1):1-8.
Epub 2013 Oct 5
doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2013.08.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24268942" target="_blank">24268942</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abdominal%20wall%20muscle%20weakness%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (151)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36031308">Motor neuron, peripheral nerve, and neuromuscular junction disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vianello A,
Racca F,
Vita GL,
Pierucci P,
Vita G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
2022;189:259-270.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-91532-8.00014-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36031308" target="_blank">36031308</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23052177">Spinal cord compression: an unusual presentation of malignant pleural mesothelioma. A case report and review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mensi C,
Termine L,
Garberi A,
Meroni S,
Levi D,
Balzarini L,
Riboldi L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tumori</span>
2012 Jul-Aug;98(4):e92-7.
doi: 10.1700/1146.12651.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23052177" target="_blank">23052177</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17880838">Posterior compartment defect repair in vaginal surgery: update on surgical techniques.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ginger VA,
Kobashi KC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Urol Rep</span>
2007 Sep;8(5):387-93.
doi: 10.1007/s11934-007-0036-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17880838" target="_blank">17880838</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17034039">Needle electromyography of the rectus abdominis in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xu Y,
Zheng J,
Zhang S,
Kang D,
Zhang J,
Fan D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Muscle Nerve</span>
2007 Mar;35(3):383-5.
doi: 10.1002/mus.20659.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17034039" target="_blank">17034039</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10430011">Anal incontinence after obstetric third- /fourth-degree laceration. One-year follow-up after pelvic floor exercises.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sander P,
Bjarnesen J,
Mouritsen L,
Fuglsang-Frederiksen A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct</span>
1999;10(3):177-81.
doi: 10.1007/s001920050041.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10430011" target="_blank">10430011</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abdominal%20wall%20muscle%20weakness%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (133)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Redi U,
Kaciulyte J,
Marino D,
Nanni J,
Lo Torto F,
Marcasciano M,
Ribuffo D,
Alfano C,
Mazzocchi M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci</span>
2023 Sep;27(17):8234-8244.
doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202309_33584.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37750652" target="_blank">37750652</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35297466">Muscle Area and Density Assessed by Abdominal Computed Tomography in Healthy Adults: Effect of Normal Aging and Derivation of Reference Values.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">De Marco D,
Mamane S,
Choo W,
Mullie L,
Xue X,
Afilalo M,
Afilalo J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Nutr Health Aging</span>
2022;26(2):243-246.
doi: 10.1007/s12603-022-1746-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35297466" target="_blank">35297466</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33381940">Two Cases of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy 2 in Korea.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee JH,
Park HJ,
Seong MW,
Park SS,
Choi YC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Yonsei Med J</span>
2021 Jan;62(1):95-98.
doi: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.1.95.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33381940" target="_blank">33381940</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7820446" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27988341">Can lumbosacral orthoses cause trunk muscle weakness? A systematic review of literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Azadinia F,
Ebrahimi E Takamjani,
Kamyab M,
Parnianpour M,
Cholewicki J,
Maroufi N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Spine J</span>
2017 Apr;17(4):589-602.
Epub 2016 Dec 14
doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.12.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27988341" target="_blank">27988341</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2146943">Beevor's sign and facioscapulohumeral dystrophy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Awerbuch GI,
Nigro MA,
Wishnow R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Neurol</span>
1990 Nov;47(11):1208-9.
doi: 10.1001/archneur.1990.00530110066018.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2146943" target="_blank">2146943</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rodríguez-Longobardo C,
López-Torres O,
Guadalupe-Grau A,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sports Health</span>
2024 Sep-Oct;16(5):766-775.
Epub 2023 Sep 9
doi: 10.1177/19417381231195305.
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36026550">Updated guideline for closure of abdominal wall incisions from the European and American Hernia Societies.</a></div>
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Henriksen NA,
Antoniou GA,
Antoniou SA,
Bramer WM,
Fischer JP,
Fortelny RH,
Gök H,
Harris HW,
Hope W,
Horne CM,
Jensen TK,
Köckerling F,
Kretschmer A,
López-Cano M,
Malcher F,
Shao JM,
Slieker JC,
de Smet GHJ,
Stabilini C,
Torkington J,
Muysoms FE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Surg</span>
2022 Nov 22;109(12):1239-1250.
doi: 10.1093/bjs/znac302.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36026550" target="_blank">36026550</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10364727" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33227494">Self-reported symptoms in women with diastasis rectus abdominis: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fuentes Aparicio L,
Rejano-Campo M,
Donnelly GM,
Vicente-Campos V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod</span>
2021 Sep;50(7):101995.
Epub 2020 Nov 20
doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101995.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33227494" target="_blank">33227494</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31759521">Effect of pelvic floor muscle training on postpartum sexual function and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hadizadeh-Talasaz Z,
Sadeghi R,
Khadivzadeh T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2019 Nov;58(6):737-747.
doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.09.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31759521" target="_blank">31759521</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24268942">Effects of exercise on diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle in the antenatal and postnatal periods: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Benjamin DR,
van de Water AT,
Peiris CL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Physiotherapy</span>
2014 Mar;100(1):1-8.
Epub 2013 Oct 5
doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2013.08.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24268942" target="_blank">24268942</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abdominal%20wall%20muscle%20weakness%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (21)</a></div></div>
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