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<!--
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-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Micrographia</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66806</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0240341</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Micrographia (725122008)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0031908">HP:0031908</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Abnormally small-sized handwriting is formally defined as an impairment of fine motor skills, which mainly manifests as a progressive or stable reduction in amplitude during a writing task. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Micrographia</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871309" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of prenatal development or birth">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1254" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fetal anomaly">Fetal anomaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/105425" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the nervous system">Abnormality of the nervous system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868417" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal nervous system physiology">Abnormal nervous system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868938" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of mental function">Abnormality of mental function</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Micrographia</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_381211"><div><strong>Neuroferritinopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>381211</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1853578</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neuroferritinopathy is an adult-onset progressive movement disorder characterized by chorea or dystonia and speech and swallowing deficits. The movement disorder typically affects one or two limbs and progresses to become more generalized within 20 years of disease onset. When present, asymmetry in the movement abnormalities remains throughout the course of the disorder. Most individuals develop a characteristic orofacial action-specific dystonia related to speech that leads to dysarthrophonia. Frontalis overactivity and orolingual dyskinesia are common. Cognitive deficits and behavioral issues become major problems with time.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/381211">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_357008"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant Parkinson disease 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>357008</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1868595</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Parkinson disease is the second most common neurogenic disorder after Alzheimer disease (AD; 104300), affecting approximately 1% of the population over age 50. Clinical manifestations include resting tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Additional features are characteristic postural abnormalities, dysautonomia, dystonic cramps, and dementia (Polymeropoulos et al., 1996).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Parkinson disease, see 168600.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/357008">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_463618"><div><strong>Parkinson disease, late-onset</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>463618</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3160718</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Gaucher disease (GD) encompasses a continuum of clinical findings from a perinatal-lethal disorder to an asymptomatic type. The characterization of three major clinical types (1, 2, and 3) and two clinical forms (perinatal-lethal and cardiovascular) is useful in determining prognosis and management. Cardiopulmonary complications have been described with all the clinical phenotypes, although varying in frequency and severity. Type 1 GD is characterized by the presence of clinical or radiographic evidence of bone disease (osteopenia, focal lytic or sclerotic lesions, and osteonecrosis), hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, lung disease, and the absence of primary central nervous system disease. Type 2 GD is characterized by primary central nervous system disease with onset before age two years, limited psychomotor development, and a rapidly progressive course with death by age two to four years. Type 3 GD is characterized by primary central nervous system disease with childhood onset, a more slowly progressive course, and survival into the third or fourth decade. The perinatal-lethal form is associated with ichthyosiform or collodion skin abnormalities or with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. The cardiovascular form is characterized by calcification of the aortic and mitral valves, mild splenomegaly, corneal opacities, and supranuclear ophthalmoplegia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/463618">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1637664"><div><strong>Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1637664</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551624</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a neurodegenerative disorder with characteristic calcium deposits in the basal ganglia and other brain areas visualized on neuroimaging. Most affected individuals are in good health during childhood and young adulthood and typically present in the fourth to fifth decade with a gradually progressive movement disorder and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The movement disorder first manifests as clumsiness, fatigability, unsteady gait, slow or slurred speech, dysphagia, involuntary movements, or muscle cramping. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, often the first or most prominent manifestations, range from mild difficulty with concentration and memory to changes in personality and/or behavior, to psychosis and dementia. Seizures of various types occur frequently, some individuals experience chronic headache and vertigo; urinary urgency or incontinence may be present.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1637664">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1640811"><div><strong>Supranuclear palsy, progressive, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1640811</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551863</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The spectrum of clinical manifestations of MAPT-related frontotemporal dementia (MAPT-FTD) has expanded from its original description of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonian manifestations to include changes in behavior, motor function, memory, and/or language. A recent retrospective study suggested that the majority of affected individuals have either behavioral changes consistent with a diagnosis of behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) or, less commonly, a parkinsonian syndrome (i.e., progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome, or Parkinson disease). Fewer than 5% of people with MAPT-FTD have primary progressive aphasia or Alzheimer disease. Clinical presentation may differ between and within families with the same MAPT variant. MAPT-FTD is a progressive disorder that commonly ends with a relatively global dementia in which some affected individuals become mute. Progression of motor impairment in affected individuals results in some becoming chairbound and others bedbound. Mean disease duration is 9.3 (SD: 6.4) years but is individually variable and can be more than 30 years in some instances.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1640811">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_357008" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant Parkinson disease 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1637664" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_381211" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neuroferritinopathy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_463618" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Parkinson disease, late-onset</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1640811" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Supranuclear palsy, progressive, 1</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31525530">Invalidation of Parkinson's disease diagnosis after years of follow-up based on clinical, radiological and neurophysiological examination.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Coarelli G,
Garcin B,
Roze E,
Vidailhet M,
Degos B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Sci</span>
2019 Nov 15;406:116454.
Epub 2019 Sep 9
doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116454.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31525530" target="_blank">31525530</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1754609">Extrapyramidal symptoms and their relationship to clinical efficacy under perphenazine treatment. A controlled prospective handwriting-test study in 22 acutely ill schizophrenic patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gerken A,
Wetzel H,
Benkert O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pharmacopsychiatry</span>
1991 Jul;24(4):132-7.
doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1014456.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1754609" target="_blank">1754609</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4082913">Memory and psychomotor impairment following high-dose interferon treatment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Iivanainen M,
Laaksonen R,
Niemi ML,
Färkkilä M,
Bergström L,
Mattson K,
Niiranen A,
Cantell K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neurol Scand</span>
1985 Nov;72(5):475-80.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1985.tb00904.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4082913" target="_blank">4082913</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22micrographia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36952012">Transcranial direct current stimulation enhances motor learning in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Broeder S,
Vandendoorent B,
Hermans P,
Nackaerts E,
Verheyden G,
Meesen R,
de Xivry JO,
Nieuwboer A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol</span>
2023 Jul;270(7):3442-3450.
Epub 2023 Mar 23
doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-11669-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36952012" target="_blank">36952012</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10035486" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29953178">Parkinsons Disease: Basic knowledge.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rose O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Monatsschr Pharm</span>
2016 Jul;39(7):277-81.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29953178" target="_blank">29953178</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24852208">Efficacy of language-appropriate cueing on micrographia in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kim H,
Yoon JH,
Nam HS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Geriatr Gerontol Int</span>
2015 May;15(5):647-51.
Epub 2014 May 23
doi: 10.1111/ggi.12313.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24852208" target="_blank">24852208</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18344392">Parkinson's disease: clinical features and diagnosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jankovic J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</span>
2008 Apr;79(4):368-76.
doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.131045.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18344392" target="_blank">18344392</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16006345">Post graphemic impairments of writing: the case of micrographia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Denes G,
Signorini M,
Volpato C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurocase</span>
2005 Jun;11(3):176-81.
doi: 10.1080/13554790590944636.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16006345" target="_blank">16006345</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Micrographia%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (34)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29953178">Parkinsons Disease: Basic knowledge.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rose O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Monatsschr Pharm</span>
2016 Jul;39(7):277-81.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29953178" target="_blank">29953178</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26997656">Micrographia, much beyond the writer's hand.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Inzelberg R,
Plotnik M,
Harpaz NK,
Flash T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Parkinsonism Relat Disord</span>
2016 May;26:1-9.
Epub 2016 Mar 11
doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.03.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26997656" target="_blank">26997656</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26102020">Motor automaticity in Parkinson's disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wu T,
Hallett M,
Chan P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurobiol Dis</span>
2015 Oct;82:226-234.
Epub 2015 Jun 21
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.06.014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26102020" target="_blank">26102020</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5565272" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25156696">From micrographia to Parkinson's disease dysgraphia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Letanneux A,
Danna J,
Velay JL,
Viallet F,
Pinto S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2014 Oct;29(12):1467-75.
Epub 2014 Aug 22
doi: 10.1002/mds.25990.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25156696" target="_blank">25156696</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18344392">Parkinson's disease: clinical features and diagnosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jankovic J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</span>
2008 Apr;79(4):368-76.
doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.131045.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18344392" target="_blank">18344392</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Micrographia%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (51)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34628132">Autoimmune-mediated secondary-parkinsonism presented with micrographia and cognitive impairment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Che NN,
Chen SY,
Li X,
Ma JJ,
Yang HQ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neuroimmunol</span>
2021 Dec 15;361:577738.
Epub 2021 Oct 5
doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577738.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34628132" target="_blank">34628132</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29953178">Parkinsons Disease: Basic knowledge.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rose O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Monatsschr Pharm</span>
2016 Jul;39(7):277-81.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29953178" target="_blank">29953178</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23333265">Relearning of writing skills in Parkinson's disease: a literature review on influential factors and optimal strategies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nackaerts E,
Vervoort G,
Heremans E,
Smits-Engelsman BC,
Swinnen SP,
Nieuwboer A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosci Biobehav Rev</span>
2013 Mar;37(3):349-57.
Epub 2013 Jan 16
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23333265" target="_blank">23333265</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4082913">Memory and psychomotor impairment following high-dose interferon treatment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Iivanainen M,
Laaksonen R,
Niemi ML,
Färkkilä M,
Bergström L,
Mattson K,
Niiranen A,
Cantell K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neurol Scand</span>
1985 Nov;72(5):475-80.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1985.tb00904.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4082913" target="_blank">4082913</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35989">Micrographia and akinesia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shackman DR,
Van Putten T,
May PR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Psychiatry</span>
1979 Jun;136(6):839-40.
doi: 10.1176/ajp.136.6.839.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35989" target="_blank">35989</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Micrographia%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (37)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26126407">Hitler's parkinsonism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Boettcher LB,
Bonney PA,
Smitherman AD,
Sughrue ME</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosurg Focus</span>
2015 Jul;39(1):E8.
doi: 10.3171/2015.4.FOCUS1563.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26126407" target="_blank">26126407</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24852208">Efficacy of language-appropriate cueing on micrographia in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kim H,
Yoon JH,
Nam HS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Geriatr Gerontol Int</span>
2015 May;15(5):647-51.
Epub 2014 May 23
doi: 10.1111/ggi.12313.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24852208" target="_blank">24852208</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16006345">Post graphemic impairments of writing: the case of micrographia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Denes G,
Signorini M,
Volpato C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurocase</span>
2005 Jun;11(3):176-81.
doi: 10.1080/13554790590944636.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16006345" target="_blank">16006345</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8750108">Parkinson's disease epidemiology in the Northampton District, England, 1992.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sutcliffe RL,
Meara JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neurol Scand</span>
1995 Dec;92(6):443-50.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1995.tb00478.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8750108" target="_blank">8750108</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8006658">Micrographia associated with a parietal lobe lesion in multiple sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scolding NJ,
Lees AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</span>
1994 Jun;57(6):739-41.
doi: 10.1136/jnnp.57.6.739.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8006658" target="_blank">8006658</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1072981" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Micrographia%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (13)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26997656">Micrographia, much beyond the writer's hand.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Inzelberg R,
Plotnik M,
Harpaz NK,
Flash T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Parkinsonism Relat Disord</span>
2016 May;26:1-9.
Epub 2016 Mar 11
doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.03.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26997656" target="_blank">26997656</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19684374">Homage to Robert Hooke (1635-1703): new insights from the recently discovered Hooke Folio.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gest H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Perspect Biol Med</span>
2009 Summer;52(3):392-9.
doi: 10.1353/pbm.0.0096.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19684374" target="_blank">19684374</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16006345">Post graphemic impairments of writing: the case of micrographia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Denes G,
Signorini M,
Volpato C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurocase</span>
2005 Jun;11(3):176-81.
doi: 10.1080/13554790590944636.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16006345" target="_blank">16006345</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8580447">Micrographia in Parkinson's disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Contreras-Vidal JL,
Teulings HL,
Stelmach GE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuroreport</span>
1995 Oct 23;6(15):2089-92.
doi: 10.1097/00001756-199510010-00032.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8580447" target="_blank">8580447</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4082913">Memory and psychomotor impairment following high-dose interferon treatment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Iivanainen M,
Laaksonen R,
Niemi ML,
Färkkilä M,
Bergström L,
Mattson K,
Niiranen A,
Cantell K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neurol Scand</span>
1985 Nov;72(5):475-80.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1985.tb00904.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4082913" target="_blank">4082913</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Micrographia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (26)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26997656">Micrographia, much beyond the writer's hand.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Inzelberg R,
Plotnik M,
Harpaz NK,
Flash T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Parkinsonism Relat Disord</span>
2016 May;26:1-9.
Epub 2016 Mar 11
doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.03.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26997656" target="_blank">26997656</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Micrographia%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
</div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Micrographia" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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