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<meta name="keywords" content="C1839798, elongated nose, finding, increased height of nose, increased length of nose, increased nasal height, increased nasal length, long nose, nasal elongation, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased length from the nasal root to the nasal base." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Long nose (Concept Id: C1839798)
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<!--
UID=326583
ConceptID=C1839798
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><div class="ncbi_carousel" data-ncbicarousel-config="imageWidth:'100px',numItemsVisible:2,toggler:false"><div class="nc_header"><span class="img_strip_title">Image</span></div><div class="nc_content"><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Figure 1" src="/projects/medgen/images/thumb/170bfc5a5c12fecb.1.thumb.jpg" src-large="/projects/medgen/images/170bfc5a5c12fecb.1.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="http://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=170bfc5a5c12fecb" target="_blank" title="Elements of Morphology: Human Malformation Terminology - NHGRI">details</a></div></div></div><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Long nose</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326583</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839798</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Increased nasal height</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003189">HP:0003189</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased length from the nasal root to the nasal base. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1839798[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=326583">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Long nose</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867442" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of head or neck">Abnormality of head or neck</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867438" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the head">Abnormality of the head</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871375" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the face">Abnormality of the face</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/539457" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the nose">Abnormality of the nose</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870795" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal nasal morphology">Abnormal nasal morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Long nose</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_64221"><div><strong>Saethre-Chotzen syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>64221</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175699</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Classic Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) is characterized by coronal synostosis (unilateral or bilateral), facial asymmetry (particularly in individuals with unicoronal synostosis), strabismus, ptosis, and characteristic appearance of the ear (small pinna with a prominent superior and/or inferior crus). Syndactyly of digits two and three of the hand is variably present. Cognitive development is usually normal, although those with a large genomic deletion are at an increased risk for intellectual challenges. Less common manifestations of SCS include other skeletal findings (parietal foramina, vertebral segmentation defects, radioulnar synostosis, maxillary hypoplasia, ocular hypertelorism, hallux valgus, duplicated or curved distal hallux), hypertelorism, palatal anomalies, obstructive sleep apnea, increased intracranial pressure, short stature, and congenital heart malformations.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/64221">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_140771"><div><strong>Microcephaly, normal intelligence and immunodeficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140771</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0398791</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is characterized by progressive microcephaly, early growth deficiency that improves with age, recurrent respiratory infections, an increased risk for malignancy (primarily lymphoma), and premature ovarian failure in females. Developmental milestones are attained at the usual time during the first year; however, borderline delays in development and hyperactivity may be observed in early childhood. Intellectual abilities tend to decline over time. Recurrent pneumonia and bronchitis may result in respiratory failure and early death. Other reported malignancies include solid tumors (e.g., medulloblastoma, glioma, rhabdomyosarcoma).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140771">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_167096"><div><strong>X-linked intellectual disability with marfanoid habitus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>167096</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796022</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">MED12-related disorders include the phenotypes of FG syndrome type 1 (FGS1), Lujan syndrome (LS), X-linked Ohdo syndrome (XLOS), Hardikar syndrome (HS), and nonspecific intellectual disability (NSID). FGS1 and LS share the clinical findings of cognitive impairment, hypotonia, and abnormalities of the corpus callosum. FGS1 is further characterized by absolute or relative macrocephaly, tall forehead, downslanted palpebral fissures, small and simple ears, constipation and/or anal anomalies, broad thumbs and halluces, and characteristic behavior. LS is further characterized by large head, tall thin body habitus, long thin face, prominent nasal bridge, high narrow palate, and short philtrum. Carrier females in families with FGS1 and LS are typically unaffected. XLOS is characterized by intellectual disability, blepharophimosis, and facial coarsening. HS has been described in females with cleft lip and/or cleft palate, biliary and liver anomalies, intestinal malrotation, pigmentary retinopathy, and coarctation of the aorta. Developmental and cognitive concerns have not been reported in females with HS. Pathogenic variants in MED12 have been reported in an increasing number of males and females with NSID, with affected individuals often having clinical features identified in other MED12-related disorders.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/167096">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_371716"><div><strong>Schilbach-Rott syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>371716</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1834038</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Schilbach-Rott syndrome (SBRS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypotelorism, epicanthal folds, cleft palate, dysmorphic facies, and hypospadias in males. The phenotype is variable, and mildly impaired intellectual development has been reported (summary by Shkalim et al., 2009).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/371716">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_336920"><div><strong>X-linked intellectual disability-cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336920</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845366</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Billuart-type X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder (MRXSBL) is characterized by moderately to severely impaired intellectual development, cerebellar hypoplasia, and seizures. Dysmorphic facial features include deep-set eyes, short philtrum, and large ears (summary by Chabrol et al., 2005, Al-Owain et al., 2011).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336920">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_341844"><div><strong>Alagille syndrome due to a NOTCH2 point mutation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341844</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1857761</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a multisystem disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical variability; this variability is seen even among individuals from the same family. The major clinical manifestations of ALGS are bile duct paucity on liver biopsy, cholestasis, congenital cardiac defects (primarily involving the pulmonary arteries), butterfly vertebrae, ophthalmologic abnormalities (most commonly posterior embryotoxon), and characteristic facial features. Renal abnormalities, growth failure, behavioral differences, splenomegaly, retinal changes, and vascular abnormalities may also occur.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341844">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_357104"><div><strong>Stapes ankylosis with broad thumbs and toes</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>357104</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866656</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">This syndrome has characteristics of congenital conductive deafness due to stapes ankylosis, broad thumbs and first toes and hyperopia. So far, it has been described in multiple members of six families. Other skeletal malformations were also reported including short distal phalanges and syndactyly, but symphalangism is usually absent. Transmission is autosomal dominant and the syndrome is caused by mutations in the NOG gene (17q22).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/357104">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_356655"><div><strong>Flat face-microstomia-ear anomaly syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356655</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866962</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome with characteristics of dysmorphic facial features including high forehead, elongated and flattened midface, arched and sparse eyebrows, short palpebral fissures, telecanthus, long nose with hypoplastic nostrils, long philtrum, high and narrow palate and microstomia with downturned corners. Ears are characteristically malformed, large, low-set and posteriorly rotated and nasal speech is associated.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356655">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_356703"><div><strong>Robinow-Sorauf syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356703</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1867146</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The signs and symptoms of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome vary widely, even among affected individuals in the same family. This condition can cause mild changes in the hands and feet, such as partial fusion of the skin between the second and third fingers on each hand and a broad or duplicated first (big) toe. Delayed development and learning difficulties have been reported, although most people with this condition are of normal intelligence. Less common signs and symptoms of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome include short stature, abnormalities of the bones of the spine (the vertebra), hearing loss, and heart defects.\n\nMost people with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome have prematurely fused skull bones along the coronal suture, the growth line that goes over the head from ear to ear. Other parts of the skull may be malformed as well. These changes can result in an abnormally shaped head, a high forehead, a low frontal hairline, droopy eyelids (ptosis), widely spaced eyes, and a broad nasal bridge. One side of the face may appear noticeably different from the other (facial asymmetry). Most people with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome also have small, rounded ears.\n\nRobinow-Sorauf syndrome is a condition with features similar to those of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, including craniosynostosis and broad or duplicated great toes. It was once considered a separate disorder, but was found to result from mutations in the same gene and is now thought to be a variant of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.\n\nSaethre-Chotzen syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis). This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356703">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_365434"><div><strong>Alagille syndrome due to a JAG1 point mutation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>365434</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1956125</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a multisystem disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical variability; this variability is seen even among individuals from the same family. The major clinical manifestations of ALGS are bile duct paucity on liver biopsy, cholestasis, congenital cardiac defects (primarily involving the pulmonary arteries), butterfly vertebrae, ophthalmologic abnormalities (most commonly posterior embryotoxon), and characteristic facial features. Renal abnormalities, growth failure, behavioral differences, splenomegaly, retinal changes, and vascular abnormalities may also occur.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/365434">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_382926"><div><strong>CHROMOSOME 1qter DELETION SYNDROME</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>382926</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2676727</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/382926">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_436765"><div><strong>Chromosome 2q32-q33 deletion syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>436765</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2676739</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) is a multisystem disorder in which all affected individuals have developmental delay / intellectual disability that can range from mild to profound but is most commonly moderate to profound. Speech delay and/or absent speech is observed in all affected individuals. Other neurobehavioral manifestations can include jovial or friendly personality, autistic tendencies, agitation or aggressive outbursts, self-injury, impulsivity, hyperactivity, anxiety, difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep, and sensory issues. Most affected individuals have hypotonia. EEG abnormalities are frequent but may be without clinically recognizable seizures. While only about 20% of affected individuals have clinical seizures, a subset of affected individuals have electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Craniofacial findings can include nonspecific dysmorphic features, palatal anomalies (cleft palate, high-arched palate, velopharyngeal insufficiency, bifid uvula), and dental anomalies (abnormal shape or size or the upper central incisors, dental crowding, hypodontia, and delayed teeth eruption, among others). Skeletal anomalies can include scoliosis, tibial bowing, and joint contractures. At least one third of individuals have a history of previous fractures and about one quarter of affected individuals have documented low bone mineral density. Other finding can include pre- and postnatal growth restriction, feeding issues, and eye anomalies (strabismus, refractive error). In those with a larger deletion involving SATB2 and adjacent genes, cardiovascular, genitourinary, and ectodermal findings may also be present.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/436765">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_394455"><div><strong>Christianson syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>394455</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2678194</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Christianson syndrome (referred to as CS in this GeneReview), an X-linked disorder, is characterized in males by cognitive dysfunction, behavioral disorder, and neurologic findings (e.g., seizures, ataxia, postnatal microcephaly, and eye movement abnormalities). Males with CS typically present with developmental delay, later meeting criteria for severe intellectual disability (ID). Behaviorally, autism spectrum disorder and hyperactivity are common, and may resemble the behaviors observed in Angelman syndrome. Hypotonia and oropharyngeal dysphagia in infancy may result in failure to thrive. Seizures, typically beginning before age three years, can include infantile spasms and tonic, tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures. Subsequently, regression (e.g., loss of ambulation and ability to feed independently) may occur. Manifestations in heterozygous females range from asymptomatic to mild ID and/or behavioral issues.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/394455">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_412708"><div><strong>Oculodentodigital dysplasia, autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412708</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2749477</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive form of oculodentodigital dysplasia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/412708">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462289"><div><strong>THOC6-related developmental delay-microcephaly-facial dysmorphism syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462289</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150939</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">THOC6 intellectual disability syndrome is associated with moderate-to-severe developmental delay or intellectual disability; nonspecific dysmorphic facial features (tall forehead, deep-set eyes, short and upslanted palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, and long nose with low-hanging columella); microcephaly (typically 2-3 SD below the mean); teeth anomalies (dental caries, malocclusion, and supernumerary teeth); cardiac anomalies (most typically atrial and/or ventricular septal defects); prenatal ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus; cryptorchidism in males; and renal malformations (most commonly unilateral renal agenesis). More rarely, affected individuals may have hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (in females), seizures, poor growth, feeding difficulties, hearing loss, refractive errors and/or other eye abnormalities, vertebral anomalies, micro/retrognathia, and imperforate / anteriorly placed anus.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462289">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462406"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 51</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462406</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151056</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">AP-4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia (AP-4-HSP) is a childhood-onset and complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Spastic paraparesis is a universal feature in affected individuals. Manifestations typically begin before age one year, with infants presenting with hypotonia, mild postnatal microcephaly, and delayed developmental milestones. Seizures are common in early childhood, often starting as prolonged febrile seizures. As the disease progresses, older children have intellectual disability that is usually moderate to severe; most affected individuals communicate nonverbally. Neurobehavioral/psychiatric manifestations (e.g., impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention) are common. Hypotonia transitions to progressive lower-extremity weakness and spasticity, accompanied by pyramidal signs such as plantar extension, ankle clonus, and hyperreflexia. Although some children achieve independent ambulation, most eventually lose this ability and rely on mobility aids or wheelchairs. In adolescence or early adulthood, spasticity may affect the upper extremities in some individuals but is generally less severe and not significantly disabling. Complications in some individuals include contractures, foot deformities, and bladder and bowel dysfunction. Dysphagia may emerge in advanced stages of the disease.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462406">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_813060"><div><strong>X-linked intellectual disability, Cantagrel type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>813060</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3806730</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked intellectual developmental disorder-98 (XLID98) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, poor speech, behavioral abnormalities, poor overall growth, dysmorphic facial features, and often early-onset seizures. Some carrier females are unaffected, whereas other females with mutations are affected; males tend to be more severely affected than females. It is believed that the phenotypic variability and disease manifestations in female carriers results from skewed X-inactivation or cellular mosaicism (summary by de Lange et al., 2016).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/813060">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_862965"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder with microcephaly and with or without ocular malformations or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>862965</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014528</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual developmental disorder with microcephaly and with or without ocular malformations or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IDDMOH) is characterized by mildly impaired intellectual development and microcephaly. Patients may also have ocular malformations, ocular apraxia, or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The disorder shows a unique DNA methylation signature (summary by Al-Jawahiri et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/862965">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_898669"><div><strong>Luscan-Lumish syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>898669</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4085873</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Luscan-Lumish syndrome (LLS) is characterized by macrocephaly, intellectual disability, speech delay, low sociability, and behavioral problems. More variable features include postnatal overgrowth, obesity, advanced carpal ossification, developmental delay, and seizures (Luscan et al., 2014; Lumish et al., 2015)</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/898669">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_895448"><div><strong>Short stature, microcephaly, and endocrine dysfunction</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>895448</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225288</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">In patients with SSMED, short stature and microcephaly are apparent at birth, and there is progressive postnatal growth failure. Endocrine dysfunction, including hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, multinodular goiter, and diabetes mellitus, is present in affected adults. Progressive ataxia has been reported in some patients, with onset ranging from the second to fifth decade of life. In addition, a few patients have developed tumors, suggesting that there may be a predisposition to tumorigenesis. In contrast to syndromes involving defects in other components of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) complex (see, e.g., 606593), no clinically overt immunodeficiency has been observed in SSMED, although laboratory analysis has revealed lymphopenia or borderline leukopenia in some patients (Murray et al., 2015; Bee et al., 2015; de Bruin et al., 2015; Guo et al., 2015).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/895448">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934659"><div><strong>Arthrogryposis, distal, with impaired proprioception and touch</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934659</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310692</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distal arthrogryposis with impaired proprioception and touch is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by loss of certain mechanosensation modalities resulting in ataxia, difficulty walking, dysmetria, muscle weakness and atrophy, and progressive skeletal contractures. Patients have onset of symptoms in early childhood (summary by Chesler et al., 2016 and Delle Vedove et al., 2016).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934659">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1373459"><div><strong>Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1373459</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4317151</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by these 4 features, which begin in early childhood and are progressive (summary by Moalem et al., 2015).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1373459">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1618340"><div><strong>Congenital heart defects and skeletal malformations syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1618340</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4539857</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital heart defects and skeletal malformations syndrome (CHDSKM) is characterized by atrial and ventricular septal defects, with aortic root dilation in adulthood. Skeletal defects are variable and include pectus excavatum, scoliosis, and finger contractures, and some patients exhibit joint laxity. Failure to thrive is observed during infancy and early childhood (Wang et al., 2017).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1618340">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648478"><div><strong>Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 18</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648478</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748357</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-95 (DEE95) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severely impaired global development, hypotonia, weakness, ataxia, coarse facial features, and intractable seizures. More variable features may include abnormalities of the hands and feet, inguinal hernia, and feeding difficulties. The disorder is part of a group of similar neurologic disorders resulting from biochemical defects in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthetic pathway (summary by Nguyen et al., 2018).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350.&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GPI biosynthesis defects, see GPIBD1 (610293).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648478">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684464"><div><strong>Intrauterine growth retardation, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenita, genital anomalies, and immunodeficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684464</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193036</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">IMAGEI is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenita, genital anomalies, and immunodeficiency. Patients exhibit distinctive facial features and variable immune dysfunction with evidence of lymphocyte deficiency (Logan et al., 2018).&#13; An autosomal dominant form of the disorder, without immunodeficiency (IMAGE; 614732), is caused by mutation in the CDKN1C gene (600856) on chromosome 11p15.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684464">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684749"><div><strong>Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 21</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684749</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5231419</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with brain anomalies, seizures, and scoliosis (NEDBSS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severely impaired psychomotor development, hypotonia, seizures, and structural brain anomalies, including thin corpus callosum and cerebellar atrophy. Other features include scoliosis, dysmorphic facies, and visual impairment. Affected individuals are usually unable to walk or speak and may require tube feeding in severe cases. The disorder is caused by a defect in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis (summary by Knaus et al., 2019).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GPI biosynthesis defects, see GPIBD1 (610293).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684749">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1782253"><div><strong>Short stature, facial dysmorphism, and skeletal anomalies with or without cardiac anomalies 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1782253</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543057</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Short stature, facial dysmorphism, and skeletal anomalies with or without cardiac anomalies-2 (SSFSC2) is characterized by thin and short long bones, distinctive facial dysmorphism, and dental and skeletal abnormalities, in the absence of developmental delay or intellectual disability. Cardiac anomalies have been reported in some patients (Lin et al., 2021).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of SSFSC, see SSFSC1 (617877).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1782253">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794194"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental-craniofacial syndrome with variable renal and cardiac abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794194</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5561984</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental-craniofacial syndrome with variable renal and cardiac abnormalities (NECRC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dysmorphic craniofacial features associated with mild developmental delay, mildly impaired intellectual development or learning difficulties, speech delay, and behavioral abnormalities. About half of patients have congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and/or congenital cardiac defects, including septal defects (Connaughton et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794194">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823952"><div><strong>Epilepsy, X-linked 2, with or without impaired intellectual development and dysmorphic features</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823952</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774178</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked epilepsy-2 with or without impaired intellectual development and dysmorphic features (EPILX2) is a neurologic disorder characterized by the onset of seizures usually in the first years of life, although later onset may also occur. Most individuals also have developmental delay, speech delay, and intellectual disability or learning difficulties. Some patients have dysmorphic facial features or mild skeletal anomalies. The severity of the disorder and accompanying features are highly variable, even within the same family. In general, males are more severely affected than females, although there is evidence for incomplete penetrance in both sexes (Niturad et al., 2017).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823952">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823969"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with intention tremor, pyramidal signs, dyspraxia, and ocular anomalies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823969</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774196</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with intention tremor, pyramidal signs, dyspraxia, and ocular anomalies (NEDITPO) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, intention tremor, dyspraxia, and vertical strabismus (Rahikkala et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823969">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824024"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with growth retardation, dysmorphic facies, and corpus callosum abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824024</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774251</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with growth retardation, dysmorphic facies, and corpus callosum abnormalities (NEDGFC) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by these cardinal features apparent from infancy. There is phenotypic variability both in disease manifestations and severity. More severely affected individuals are unable to walk independently, are nonverbal, and may have other anomalies, including congenital heart defects, feeding difficulties, or skeletal defects, whereas others show mildly delayed motor and speech acquisition with mild or borderline intellectual disability (summary by von Elsner et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824024">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840880"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, dysmorphic facies, and skeletal anomalies, with or without seizures</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840880</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830244</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorder (TRPM3-NDD) is characterized by congenital hypotonia, developmental delay affecting motor and speech/language skills, mild-to-severe intellectual disability, seizures, ophthalmologic manifestations including strabismus, nystagmus, and refractive errors, and musculoskeletal manifestations (e.g., talipes equinovarus, hip dysplasia, scoliosis). Reported seizure types include febrile, absence, generalized tonic-clonic, infantile spasms, and atonic drops. Cerebellar atrophy may be seen on brain MRI.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840880">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841272"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 73</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841272</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830636</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder-73 (MRD73) is a highly variable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired intellectual development that ranges from mild to severe, speech delay, behavioral abnormalities, and nonspecific dysmorphic facial features (Janssen et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841272">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1854940"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder, x-linked, syndromic 37</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1854940</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5935567</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder-37 (MRXS37) is a developmental disorder showing phenotypic variability and variable severity. Male mutation carriers tend to be more severely affected than female mutation carriers, some of whom may even be asymptomatic. In general, the disorder is characterized by global developmental delay with delayed walking, speech delay, impaired intellectual development that ranges from borderline low to moderate, and behavioral abnormalities, such as autism and sleeping difficulties. Many patients are able to attend mainstream schools with assistance and work under supervision. Additional more variable features include sensorineural hearing loss, ocular anomalies, feeding difficulties, dysmorphic facial features, inguinal and umbilical hernia, genitourinary defects, congenital heart defects, musculoskeletal anomalies, and endocrine dysfunction, such as hypogonadism or hyperparathyroidism (Shepherdson et al., 2024).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1854940">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_365434" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Alagille syndrome due to a JAG1 point mutation</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_341844" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Alagille syndrome due to a NOTCH2 point mutation</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934659" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arthrogryposis, distal, with impaired proprioception and touch</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_394455" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Christianson syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_382926" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">CHROMOSOME 1qter DELETION SYNDROME</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (34)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_436765" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chromosome 2q32-q33 deletion syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1618340" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital heart defects and skeletal malformations syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823952" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Epilepsy, X-linked 2, with or without impaired intellectual development and dysmorphic features</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_356655" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Flat face-microstomia-ear anomaly syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648478" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 18</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684749" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 21</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462406" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 51</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1373459" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_862965" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder with microcephaly and with or without ocular malformations or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841272" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 73</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1854940" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder, x-linked, syndromic 37</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684464" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intrauterine growth retardation, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenita, genital anomalies, and immunodeficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_898669" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Luscan-Lumish syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_140771" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly, normal intelligence and immunodeficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824024" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with growth retardation, dysmorphic facies, and corpus callosum abnormalities</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1840880" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, dysmorphic facies, and skeletal anomalies, with or without seizures</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823969" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with intention tremor, pyramidal signs, dyspraxia, and ocular anomalies</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794194" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental-craniofacial syndrome with variable renal and cardiac abnormalities</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_412708" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oculodentodigital dysplasia, autosomal recessive</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_356703" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Robinow-Sorauf syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_64221" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Saethre-Chotzen syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_371716" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Schilbach-Rott syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1782253" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short stature, facial dysmorphism, and skeletal anomalies with or without cardiac anomalies 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_895448" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short stature, microcephaly, and endocrine dysfunction</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_357104" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Stapes ankylosis with broad thumbs and toes</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462289" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">THOC6-related developmental delay-microcephaly-facial dysmorphism syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_167096" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked intellectual disability with marfanoid habitus</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_813060" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked intellectual disability, Cantagrel type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_336920" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked intellectual disability-cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37236870">French practical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of relapsing polychondritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arnaud L,
Costedoat-Chalumeau N,
Mathian A,
Sailler L,
Belot A,
Dion J,
Morel N,
Moulis G;
Collaborators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Med Interne</span>
2023 Jun;44(6):282-294.
Epub 2023 May 24
doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2023.05.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37236870" target="_blank">37236870</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28940458">EAACI Guidelines on Allergen Immunotherapy: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Roberts G,
Pfaar O,
Akdis CA,
Ansotegui IJ,
Durham SR,
Gerth van Wijk R,
Halken S,
Larenas-Linnemann D,
Pawankar R,
Pitsios C,
Sheikh A,
Worm M,
Arasi S,
Calderon MA,
Cingi C,
Dhami S,
Fauquert JL,
Hamelmann E,
Hellings P,
Jacobsen L,
Knol EF,
Lin SY,
Maggina P,
Mösges R,
Oude Elberink JNG,
Pajno GB,
Pastorello EA,
Penagos M,
Rotiroti G,
Schmidt-Weber CB,
Timmermans F,
Tsilochristou O,
Varga EM,
Wilkinson JN,
Williams A,
Zhang L,
Agache I,
Angier E,
Fernandez-Rivas M,
Jutel M,
Lau S,
van Ree R,
Ryan D,
Sturm GJ,
Muraro A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Allergy</span>
2018 Apr;73(4):765-798.
Epub 2017 Oct 30
doi: 10.1111/all.13317.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28940458" target="_blank">28940458</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27810016">Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">D'Agostino MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otolaryngol Clin North Am</span>
2016 Dec;49(6):xiii-xiv.
doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2016.10.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27810016" target="_blank">27810016</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(long%20nose)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (347)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33649928">A Novel Modification of Tongue in Groove Technique (Auto-Septal Projection Graft) in Rhinoplasty.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Koçak İ,
Gökler O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aesthetic Plast Surg</span>
2021 Aug;45(4):1741-1747.
Epub 2021 Mar 1
doi: 10.1007/s00266-021-02184-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33649928" target="_blank">33649928</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30851254">Nasal Framework Osteotomy: An Innovative Approach to Manage an Extremely Long Nose With Meningoencephalocele.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bohluli B,
Consky E,
Sarkarat F,
Abdolhoseinpour H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Oral Maxillofac Surg</span>
2019 Jun;77(6):1276.e1-1276.e6.
Epub 2019 Feb 12
doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.02.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30851254" target="_blank">30851254</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29309355">Comparison of Tongue-in-Groove and Columellar Strut on Rotation and Projection in Droopy Nasal Tip: Contribution of a Cap Graft.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Demir UL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2018 May;29(3):558-561.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000004228.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29309355" target="_blank">29309355</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23714933">Patient-reported outcomes after endonasal rhinoplasty for the long nose.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cingi C,
Toros SZ,
Cakli H,
Gürbüz MK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2013 May;24(3):1002-6.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e31829024db.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23714933" target="_blank">23714933</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21484212">Structure rhinoplasty of the long nose.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ali A,
El-Barbary A,
Farag M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aesthetic Plast Surg</span>
2011 Oct;35(5):839-46.
Epub 2011 Apr 12
doi: 10.1007/s00266-011-9707-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21484212" target="_blank">21484212</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Long%20nose%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (16)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27869420">Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II presenting with short stature in a child.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hazan F,
Korkmaz HA,
Yararbaş K,
Wuyts W,
Tükün A;
Collaborator</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Argent Pediatr</span>
2016 Dec 1;114(6):e403-e407.
doi: 10.5546/aap.2016.eng.e403.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27869420" target="_blank">27869420</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26079862">De novo, heterozygous, loss-of-function mutations in SYNGAP1 cause a syndromic form of intellectual disability.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Parker MJ,
Fryer AE,
Shears DJ,
Lachlan KL,
McKee SA,
Magee AC,
Mohammed S,
Vasudevan PC,
Park SM,
Benoit V,
Lederer D,
Maystadt I,
Study D,
FitzPatrick DR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2015 Oct;167A(10):2231-7.
Epub 2015 Jun 15
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37189.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26079862" target="_blank">26079862</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4744742" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19816364">Sincipital encephaloceles.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Singh AK,
Upadhyaya DN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2009 Sep;20 Suppl 2:1851-5.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181b6c49a.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19816364" target="_blank">19816364</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/319114">Human figure drawings of sex offenders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Verdon MM,
Wysocki BA,
Wysocki AC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Psychol</span>
1977 Jan;33(1):278-84.
doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(197701)33:1+&lt;278::aid-jclp2270330164&gt;3.0.co;2-b.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/319114" target="_blank">319114</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/13893881">Diagnosis of long nose.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">FOMON S,
BELL JW,
LUBART J,
SCHATTNER A,
SYRACUSE VR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon</span>
1962 Jun;41:457-61.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/13893881" target="_blank">13893881</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Long%20nose%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (14)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39012964">The Incidence of Nasal Tip and Upper Lip Malposition in Primary Rhinoplasty.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Swanson M,
DeLeonibus A,
Ku Y,
Guyuron B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aesthet Surg J</span>
2024 Dec 12;45(1):19-24.
doi: 10.1093/asj/sjae153.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39012964" target="_blank">39012964</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25730282">ERCP in patients with prior Billroth II gastrectomy: report of 30 years' experience.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bove V,
Tringali A,
Familiari P,
Gigante G,
Boškoski I,
Perri V,
Mutignani M,
Costamagna G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endoscopy</span>
2015 Jul;47(7):611-6.
Epub 2015 Mar 2
doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1391567.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25730282" target="_blank">25730282</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12526903">Fish tissue quality in the lower Mississippi River and health risks from fish consumption.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Watanabe KH,
Desimone FW,
Thiyagarajah A,
Hartley WR,
Hindrichs AE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Total Environ</span>
2003 Jan 20;302(1-3):109-26.
doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00396-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12526903" target="_blank">12526903</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11314190">Frontoethmoidal encephaloceles: reconstruction and refinements.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Holmes AD,
Meara JG,
Kolker AR,
Rosenfeld JV,
Klug GL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2001 Jan;12(1):6-18.
doi: 10.1097/00001665-200101000-00003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11314190" target="_blank">11314190</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6701218">The hanging ala.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McKinney P,
Stalnecker ML</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Plast Reconstr Surg</span>
1984 Mar;73(3):427-30.
doi: 10.1097/00006534-198403000-00016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6701218" target="_blank">6701218</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Long%20nose%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39012964">The Incidence of Nasal Tip and Upper Lip Malposition in Primary Rhinoplasty.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Swanson M,
DeLeonibus A,
Ku Y,
Guyuron B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aesthet Surg J</span>
2024 Dec 12;45(1):19-24.
doi: 10.1093/asj/sjae153.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39012964" target="_blank">39012964</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29959496">A Novel Technique of Asian Tip Plasty: Rein-Shaped Columellar Strut Graft.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kim HI,
Lee WJ,
Roh TS,
Suh MK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aesthetic Plast Surg</span>
2019 Oct;43(5):1301-1309.
Epub 2018 Jun 29
doi: 10.1007/s00266-018-1185-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29959496" target="_blank">29959496</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27102954">Autosomal recessive mutations in THOC6 cause intellectual disability: syndrome delineation requiring forward and reverse phenotyping.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Amos JS,
Huang L,
Thevenon J,
Kariminedjad A,
Beaulieu CL,
Masurel-Paulet A,
Najmabadi H,
Fattahi Z,
Beheshtian M,
Tonekaboni SH,
Tang S,
Helbig KL,
Alcaraz W,
Rivière JB,
Faivre L,
Innes AM,
Lebel RR,
Boycott KM;
Care4Rare Canada Consortium</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
2017 Jan;91(1):92-99.
Epub 2016 May 24
doi: 10.1111/cge.12793.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27102954" target="_blank">27102954</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21484212">Structure rhinoplasty of the long nose.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ali A,
El-Barbary A,
Farag M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aesthetic Plast Surg</span>
2011 Oct;35(5):839-46.
Epub 2011 Apr 12
doi: 10.1007/s00266-011-9707-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21484212" target="_blank">21484212</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19816364">Sincipital encephaloceles.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Singh AK,
Upadhyaya DN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2009 Sep;20 Suppl 2:1851-5.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181b6c49a.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19816364" target="_blank">19816364</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Long%20nose%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39050393">Internal mucosal resection and LLC suspension: a new method to establish a stable tip rotation angle and reduce the nasal bridge length.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dadaci M,
Zuhour M,
Ince B,
Altuntaş Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Turk J Med Sci</span>
2024;54(2):431-440.
Epub 2024 Jan 5
doi: 10.55730/1300-0144.5808.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39050393" target="_blank">39050393</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11265892" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39012964">The Incidence of Nasal Tip and Upper Lip Malposition in Primary Rhinoplasty.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Swanson M,
DeLeonibus A,
Ku Y,
Guyuron B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aesthet Surg J</span>
2024 Dec 12;45(1):19-24.
doi: 10.1093/asj/sjae153.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39012964" target="_blank">39012964</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26079862">De novo, heterozygous, loss-of-function mutations in SYNGAP1 cause a syndromic form of intellectual disability.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Parker MJ,
Fryer AE,
Shears DJ,
Lachlan KL,
McKee SA,
Magee AC,
Mohammed S,
Vasudevan PC,
Park SM,
Benoit V,
Lederer D,
Maystadt I,
Study D,
FitzPatrick DR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2015 Oct;167A(10):2231-7.
Epub 2015 Jun 15
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37189.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26079862" target="_blank">26079862</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4744742" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23714933">Patient-reported outcomes after endonasal rhinoplasty for the long nose.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cingi C,
Toros SZ,
Cakli H,
Gürbüz MK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2013 May;24(3):1002-6.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e31829024db.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23714933" target="_blank">23714933</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22541559">Mutations in NSUN2 cause autosomal-recessive intellectual disability.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abbasi-Moheb L,
Mertel S,
Gonsior M,
Nouri-Vahid L,
Kahrizi K,
Cirak S,
Wieczorek D,
Motazacker MM,
Esmaeeli-Nieh S,
Cremer K,
Weißmann R,
Tzschach A,
Garshasbi M,
Abedini SS,
Najmabadi H,
Ropers HH,
Sigrist SJ,
Kuss AW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2012 May 4;90(5):847-55.
Epub 2012 Apr 26
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.021.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22541559" target="_blank">22541559</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3376487" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Long%20nose%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (10)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1839798%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (5)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1839798%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (5)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1839798%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (5)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Long%20nose" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(long%20nose)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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