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</div><div><span>Acute flaccid myelitis</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Acute flaccid myelitis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p> Acute flaccid myelitis is a rare condition that affects the nervous system. Inflammation of the gray matter in the spinal cord leads to muscle weakness and paralysis.</p><p>Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is usually caused by infection with a virus. While AFM is rare, there has been a slight increase in cases of AFM since 2014. Most new cases have occurred in children or young adults.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p> AFM usually occurs after a cold, fever, or gastrointestinal illness.</p><p>Different kinds of viruses may be the cause of AFM. These include:</p><ul><li>Enteroviruses (poliovirus and non-poliovirus)</li><li>West Nile virus and similar viruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus</li><li>Adenoviruses</li></ul><p>It is unclear why certain viruses trigger AFM, or why some people develop the condition and others don't.</p><p>Environmental toxins also can cause AFM. In many cases, a cause is never found.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p> A fever or a respiratory illness is often present before weakness and other symptoms begin.</p><p>AFM symptoms often start with sudden muscle weakness and loss of reflexes in an arm or leg. Symptoms may progress rapidly over a few hours to days. Other symptoms may include:</p><ul><li>Facial droop or weakness</li><li>Drooping eyelids</li><li>Difficulty moving the eyes</li><li>Slurred speech or difficulty swallowing</li></ul><p>Some people may have:</p><ul><li>Stiffness in the neck</li><li>Pain in the arms or legs</li><li>Inability to pass urine</li></ul><p>Severe symptoms include:</p><ul><li>Respiratory failure, when muscles involved in breathing become weak</li><li>Serious nervous system problems, which may lead to death</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p> Your health care provider will take your medical history and vaccination history to know if you are up-to-date with your polio vaccines. Unvaccinated individuals who are exposed to poliovirus are at higher risk for acute flaccid myelitis. Your provider also may want to know if within the last 4 weeks you have:</p><ul><li>Traveled</li><li>Had a cold or the flu or a stomach bug</li><li>Had a fever 100°F (38°C) or higher</li></ul><p>Your provider will do a physical exam. Tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./007354.htm">MRI of spine</a> and <a test="test" href="./003791.htm">MRI of the brain</a> to view lesions in the gray matter</li><li><a test="test" href="./003927.htm">Nerve conduction velocity test</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003929.htm">Electromyography (EMG)</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003369.htm">Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis</a> to check if white blood cells are elevated</li></ul><p>Your provider also may take stool, blood, and saliva samples to test.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p> There is no specific treatment for AFM. You may be referred to a doctor specializing in disorders of the nerves and nervous system (neurologist). The doctor will likely treat your symptoms.</p><p>A number of medicines and treatments that work on the immune system have been tried but have not been found to help.</p><p>You may need physical therapy to help restore muscle function.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The long-term outlook of AFM is not known.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p> Complications of AFM include:</p><ul><li>Muscle weakness and paralysis</li><li>Loss of limb function</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p> Contact your provider right away if you or your child have:</p><ul><li>Sudden weakness in the arms or legs or difficulty moving the head or face</li><li>Any other symptom of AFM</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p> There is no known way to prevent AFM. Having a <a test="test" href="./007606.htm">polio vaccine</a> may help reduce the risk of AFM related to the poliovirus.</p><p>Take these steps to help avoid viral infections:</p><ul><li>Wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially before eating.</li><li>Avoid close contact with people who have a viral infection.</li><li>Use mosquito repellants when going outdoors to prevent mosquito bites.</li></ul><p>To learn more and get recent updates, go to the CDC webpage about acute flaccid myelitis at <a class="extln" target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/acute-flaccid-myelitis/index.html">www.cdc.gov/acute-flaccid-myelitis/index.html</a>.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Acute flaccid myelitis; AFM; Polio-like syndrome; Acute flaccid paralysis; Acute flaccid paralysis with anterior myelitis; Anterior myelitis; Enterovirus D68; Enterovirus A71</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9741t.jpg" alt="Electromyography" title="Electromyography" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9741.htm">Electromyography</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Acute flaccid myelitis. <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/acute-flaccid-myelitis/index.html" target="_blank">www.cdc.gov/acute-flaccid-myelitis/index.html</a>. Updated June 21, 2022. Accessed December 2, 2022.</p><p>Kapadia RK, Pastula DM, Glaser CA. Parainfectious and postinfectious neurologic syndromes. In: Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M, Kimberlin DW, eds. <em>Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 45.</p><p>Messacar K, Abzug MJ. Enteroviruses and parechoviruses. In: Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M, Kimberlin DW, eds. <em>Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 236.</p></div></div></section>
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