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</div><div><span>Prostate brachytherapy </span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Prostate brachytherapy </h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Brachytherapy is a procedure to implant radioactive seeds (pellets) into the prostate gland to kill <a test="test" href="./000380.htm">prostate cancer</a> cells. The seeds may give off high or low amounts of radiation.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Description</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Brachytherapy takes 30 minutes or more, depending on the type of therapy you have. Before the procedure, you will be given medicine so that you do not feel pain. You may receive:</p><ul><li>A sedative to make you drowsy and numbing medicine on your perineum. This is the area between the anus and scrotum.</li><li>Anesthesia: With <a test="test" href="./007413.htm">spinal anesthesia</a>, you will be drowsy but awake, and numb below the waist. With <a test="test" href="./007410.htm">general anesthesia</a>, you will be asleep and pain free. </li></ul><p>After you receive anesthesia:</p><ul><li>The doctor places an <a test="test" href="./003336.htm">ultrasound</a> probe into your rectum to view the area. The probe is like a camera connected to a video monitor in the room. A <a test="test" href="./003981.htm">catheter</a> (tube) may be placed in your bladder to drain urine.</li><li>The doctor uses ultrasound or a <a test="test" href="./003330.htm">CT scan</a> to plan and then place the seeds that deliver radiation into your prostate. The seeds are placed with needles or special applicators through your perineum.</li><li>Placing the seeds may hurt a little (if you are awake). </li></ul><p>Types of brachytherapy:</p><ul><li>Low-dose rate brachytherapy is the most common type of treatment. The seeds stay inside your prostate and put out a small amount of radiation for several months. You go about your normal routine with the seeds in place.</li><li>High-dose rate brachytherapy lasts about 30 minutes. Your doctor inserts the radioactive material into the prostate. The doctor may use a computerized robot to do this. The radioactive material is removed right away after treatment. This method often requires 2 treatments spaced 1 week apart. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Why the Procedure is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Brachytherapy is often used for men with prostate cancer that is found early and is slow-growing. Brachytherapy has fewer complications and side effects than standard radiation therapy. You will also need fewer visits with the health care provider.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Risks</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Risks of any anesthesia are:</p><ul><li><div>Allergic reactions to medicines</div></li><li><div><a test="test" href="./003075.htm">Breathing problems</a></div></li></ul><p>Risks of any surgery are:</p><ul><li><div><a test="test" href="./000045.htm">Bleeding</a></div></li><li><div>Infection</div></li></ul><p>Risks of this procedure are:</p><ul><li><div><div><a test="test" href="./007617.htm">Impotence</a></div></div></li><li><div><div>Difficulty emptying your bladder, and the need to use a catheter </div></div></li><li><div><div>Rectal urgency, or the feeling that you need to have a bowel movement right away </div></div></li><li><div><div>Skin irritation in your rectum or bleeding from your rectum</div></div></li><li><div><div>Other urinary problems</div></div></li><li><div><div>Ulcers (sores) or a fistula (abnormal passage) in the rectum, scarring and narrowing of the urethra (all of these are rare)</div></div></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Before the Procedure</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Tell your provider what medicines you are taking. These include medicines, supplements, or herbs you bought without a prescription.</p><p>Before this procedure:</p><ul><li>You may need to have ultrasounds, <a test="test" href="./003337.htm">x-rays</a>, or CT scans to prepare for the procedure.</li><li>Several days before the procedure, you may be told to stop taking medicines that make it hard for your blood to clot. These medicines include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), vitamin E, clopidogrel (Plavix), and warfarin (Coumadin).</li><li>Ask which medicines you should still take on the day of the surgery.</li><li>If you smoke, try to stop. Your provider can help.</li></ul><p>On the day of the procedure:</p><ul><li>You will likely be asked not to drink or eat anything for several hours before the procedure.</li><li>Take the medicines you've been told to take with a small sip of water.</li><li>You will be told when to arrive at the hospital. Be sure to arrive on time.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>After the Procedure</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>You may be sleepy and have mild pain and tenderness after the procedure.</p><p>After an outpatient procedure, you can go home as soon as the anesthesia wears off. In rare cases, you will need to spend 1 to 2 days in the hospital. If you stay in the hospital, your visitors will need to follow special radiation safety precautions.</p><p>If you have a permanent implant, your provider may tell you to limit the amount of time you spend around children and women who are pregnant. After a few weeks to months, the radiation is gone and will not cause any harm. Because of this, there is no need to take out the seeds.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Most men with small, slow-growing prostate cancer remain cancer-free or their cancer is in good control for many years after this treatment. Urinary and rectal symptoms may last for months or years.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Implant therapy - prostate cancer; Radioactive seed placement; Internal radiation therapy - prostate; High dose radiation (HDR)</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Patient Instructions</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-carepnt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div name="Patient Instructions" class="section-body" id="section-carepnt"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="../patientinstructions/000162.htm">Prostate brachytherapy - discharge </a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Nelson WG, Antonarakis ES, Carter HB, De Marzo AM, DeWeese TL. Prostate cancer. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. <em>Abeloff's Clinical Oncology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 81.</p><p>Phillips R, Hazell S, Song DY. Radiation therapy for prostate cancer. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. <em>Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology</em>. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 157.</p><p>US National Library of Medicine, PubMed website. PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Prostate cancer treatment (PDQ): health professional version. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-treatment-pdq" target="_blank">www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-treatment-pdq</a>. Updated October 14, 2022. Accessed February 5, 2023.</p></div></div></section>
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