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</div><div><span>Pericardiocentesis</span></div></div>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Pericardiocentesis is a procedure that uses a needle to remove fluid from the pericardial sac. This is the tissue that surrounds the heart.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>The procedure is most often done in a special procedure room, such as a cardiac catheterization laboratory. It may also be done at a patient's hospital bedside. A health care provider will put an <a test="test" href="./002383.htm">IV</a> into your arm in case fluids or medicines need to be given through a vein. For example, you may be given medicines if your heartbeat slows or your blood pressure drops during the procedure.</p><p>The doctor doing the procedure will clean an area just below or next to the breastbone or below the left nipple. Numbing medicine (anesthetic) will be applied to the area.</p><p>The doctor will then insert a needle and guide it into tissue that surrounds the heart. Often, <a test="test" href="./003869.htm">echocardiography</a> (ultrasound) is used to help the doctor see the needle and any fluid drainage. An electrocardiogram (<a test="test" href="./003868.htm">ECG</a>) and moving x-ray images (fluoroscopy) may also be used to help with positioning.</p><img title="Pericardium" alt="Pericardium" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/8895.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/><p>Once the needle has reached the correct area, it is removed and replaced with a tube called a catheter. Fluid drains through this tube into containers. Most of the time, the pericardial catheter is left in place so draining may continue for several hours.</p><p>Surgical drainage may be needed if the problem is hard to correct or comes back. This is a more invasive procedure in which the pericardium is drained into the chest (pleural) cavity. Alternatively, the fluid may be drained into the peritoneal cavity, but this is less common. This procedure may need to be done under general anesthesia.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How to Prepare for the Test</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>You may not be able to eat or drink for 6 hours before the test. You must sign a consent form.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test will Feel</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>You may feel pressure as the needle enters. Some people have <a test="test" href="./003079.htm">chest pain</a>, which may require pain medicine.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Why the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>This test may be done to remove and examine fluid that is pressing on the heart. It is most often done to find the cause of a chronic or recurrent <a test="test" href="./000182.htm">pericardial effusion</a>.</p><p>It may also be done to treat <a test="test" href="./000194.htm">cardiac tamponade</a>, which is a life-threatening condition.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Normal Results</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>There is normally a small amount of clear, straw-colored fluid in the pericardial space.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What Abnormal Results Mean</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Abnormal findings may indicate the cause of pericardial fluid accumulation, such as:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./001289.htm">Cancer</a></li><li>Cardiac perforation</li><li>Cardiac trauma</li><li><a test="test" href="./000158.htm">Congestive heart failure</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000182.htm">Pericarditis</a></li><li>Renal failure</li><li>Infection</li><li>Rupture of a ventricular <a test="test" href="./001122.htm">aneurysm</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Risks</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Risks may include:</p><ul><li>Bleeding</li><li>Collapsed lung</li><li>Heart attack</li><li>Infection (pericarditis)</li><li>Irregular heartbeats (<a test="test" href="./001101.htm">arrhythmias</a>)</li><li>Puncture of the heart muscle, coronary artery, lung, liver, or stomach</li><li>Pneumopericardium (air in the pericardial sac) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Pericardial tap; Percutaneous pericardiocentesis; Pericarditis - pericardiocentesis; Pericardial effusion - pericardiocentesis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8895t.jpg" alt="Pericardium" title="Pericardium" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8895.htm">Pericardium</a></li>
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Hoit BD, Oh JK. Pericardial diseases. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 62.</p><p>Lewinter MM, Cremer PC, Klein AL. Pericardial diseases. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. <em>Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine</em>. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 86.</p><p>Mallemat HA, Tewelde SZ. Pericardiocentesis. In: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. <em>Roberts and Hedges' Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 16.</p></div></div></section>
<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 5/8/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Thomas S. Metkus, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. </p>
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