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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Diet and cancer</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Diet can have an impact on your risk of developing many types of cancer. You can reduce your overall risk by following a healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Information</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>DIET AND BREAST CANCER</p><p>The link between nutrition and <a test="test" href="./000913.htm">breast cancer</a> has been well studied. To reduce risk of breast cancer the American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that you:</p><ul><li>Get regular physical activity of moderate intensity for at least 30 minutes a day 5 times a week.</li><li>Maintain a healthy weight throughout life.</li><li>Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Consume at least 2½ cups (300 grams) of fruits and vegetables daily.</li><li>Limit alcoholic beverages to no more than 2 drinks/day for men; 1 drink/day for women. One drink is the equivalent of 12 ounces (360 milliliters) beer, 1 ounce (30 milliliters) spirits, or 5 ounces (150 milliliters) wine.</li></ul><p>Other things to consider:</p><ul><li>Data on the role of high soy intake (in the form of supplements) is inconclusive regarding hormone-sensitive cancers in women. Consuming a diet that contains moderate amounts of soy foods before adulthood may be beneficial.</li><li>Breastfeeding may reduce a mother's risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer.</li></ul><p>DIET AND PROSTATE CANCER</p><p>The ACS recommends the following lifestyle choices to reduce <a test="test" href="./000380.htm">prostate cancer</a> risk:</p><ul><li>Get regular physical activity of moderate intensity for at least 30 minutes a day five times a week.</li><li>Maintain a healthy weight throughout life.</li><li>Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Consume at least 2½ cups (300 grams) of fruits and vegetables daily.</li><li>Limit alcoholic beverages to no more than 2 drinks/day for men. One drink is the equivalent of 12 ounces (360 milliliters) beer, 1 ounce (30 milliliters) spirits, or 5 ounces (150 milliliters) wine.</li></ul><p>Other things to consider:</p><ul><li>Your health care provider may suggest that men limit their use of calcium supplements and not exceed the recommended amount of calcium from foods and beverages.</li></ul><p>DIET AND COLON OR RECTAL CANCER</p><p>The ACS recommends the following to reduce <a test="test" href="./000262.htm">colorectal cancer</a> risk:</p><ul><li>Limit intake of red and processed meat. Avoid charbroiling meat.</li><li>Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Consume at least 2½ cups (300 grams) of fruits and vegetables daily. Broccoli may be particularly beneficial.</li><li>Avoid excess alcohol consumption.</li><li>Eat recommended amounts of calcium and get enough vitamin D.</li><li>Eat more omega-3 fatty acids (fatty fish, flaxseed oil, walnuts) than omega-6 fatty acids (corn oil, safflower oil, and sunflower oil).</li><li>Maintain a healthy weight throughout life. Avoid obesity and buildup of belly fat.</li><li>Any activity is beneficial but vigorous activity might have an even greater benefit. Increasing the intensity and amount of your physical activity may help reduce your risk.</li><li>Get regular colorectal screenings based on your age and health history.</li></ul><p>DIET AND STOMACH OR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER</p><p>The ACS recommends the following lifestyle choices to reduce <a test="test" href="./000223.htm">stomach</a> and <a test="test" href="./000283.htm">esophageal cancer</a> risk:</p><ul><li>Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Consume at least 2½ cups (300 grams) of fruits and vegetables daily.</li><li>Lower your intake of processed meats, smoked, nitrite-cured, and salt-preserved foods; emphasize plant-based proteins.</li><li>Get regular physical activity of at least 30 minutes a day 5 times a week.</li><li>Maintain a healthy body weight throughout life.</li></ul><p>RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CANCER PREVENTION</p><p>The American Institute for Cancer Research's 10 recommendations for cancer prevention include:</p><ul><li>Be as lean as possible without becoming underweight.</li><li>Be physically active for at least 30 minutes every day.</li><li>Avoid sugary drinks. Limit consumption of calorie-dense foods. (Artificial sweeteners in moderate amounts have not been shown to cause cancer.)</li><li>Eat more of a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes such as beans.</li><li>Limit consumption of red meats (such as beef, pork and lamb) and avoid processed meats.</li><li>If consumed at all, limit alcoholic drinks to 2 per day for men and 1 per day for women.</li><li>Limit consumption of salty foods and foods processed with salt (sodium).</li><li>DO NOT use supplements to protect against cancer.</li><li>It is best for mothers to breastfeed exclusively for up to 6 months and then add other liquids and foods.</li><li>After treatment, cancer survivors should follow the recommendations for cancer prevention.</li></ul><p>RESOURCES</p><ul><li>Dietary Guidelines for Americans -- <a class="extln" target="_blank" href="https://www.myplate.gov">www.myplate.gov</a></li><li>The American Cancer Society is an excellent source of information on cancer prevention -- <a class="extln" target="_blank" href="https://www.cancer.gov/">www.cancer.gov/</a></li><li>The American Institute for Cancer Research -- <a class="extln" target="_blank" href="https://www.aicr.org/cancer-prevention/healthy-eating/new-american-plate/">www.aicr.org/cancer-prevention/healthy-eating/new-american-plate/</a></li><li>The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics provides sound dietary advice on a wide range of topics -- <a class="extln" target="_blank" href="https://www.eatright.org/">www.eatright.org/</a></li><li>The National Cancer Institute is a government gateway to the accurate information on cancer prevention --<a class="extln" target="_blank" href="https://www.cancer.gov/">www.cancer.gov/</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Fiber and cancer; Cancer and fiber; Nitrates and cancer; Cancer and nitrates</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19303t.jpg" alt="Phytochemicals" title="Phytochemicals" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19303.htm">Phytochemicals</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Basen-Engquist K, Brown P, Coletta AM, Savage M, Maresso KC, Hawk E. Lifestyle and cancer prevention. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. <em>Abeloff's Clinical Oncology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 22.</p><p>Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Environmental and nutritional diseases. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, eds. <em>Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease</em>. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 9.</p><p>National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute website. SEER training modules, cancer risk factors. <a href="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/disease/cancer/risk.html" target="_blank">training.seer.cancer.gov/disease/cancer/risk.html</a>. Accessed April 20, 2023.</p><p>Rock CL, Thomson C, Gansler T, et al. American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention. <em>CA Cancer J Clin</em>. 2020;70(4):245-271. PMID: 32515498 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32515498/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32515498/</a>.</p><p>Snetselaar LG, de Jesus JM, DeSilva DM, Stoody EE. Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: understanding the scientific process, guidelines, and key recommendations. <em>Nutr Today</em>. 2021;56(6):287-295. PMID: 34987271 <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8713704/" target="_blank">www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8713704/</a>.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 4/13/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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