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</div><div><span>Selective deficiency of IgA</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Selective deficiency of IgA</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Selective deficiency of IgA is the most common <a test="test" href="./000818.htm">immune deficiency disorder</a>. People with this disorder have a low or absent level of a blood protein called immunoglobulin A.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Selective IgA deficiency is usually inherited, which means it is passed down through families. However, there are also cases of drug-induced selective IgA deficiency.</p><p>It may be inherited as an <a test="test" href="./002049.htm">autosomal dominant</a> or <a test="test" href="./002052.htm">autosomal recessive</a> trait. It is usually found in people of European origin. It is less common in people of other ethnicities.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Many people with selective IgA deficiency have no symptoms.</p><p>If a person does have symptoms, they may include frequent episodes of:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./001087.htm">Bronchitis</a> (airway infection)</li><li>Chronic diarrhea</li><li><a test="test" href="./001010.htm">Conjunctivitis</a> (eye infection)</li><li>Gastrointestinal inflammation, including <a test="test" href="./000250.htm">ulcerative colitis</a>, <a test="test" href="./000249.htm">Crohn disease</a>, and a <a test="test" href="./000233.htm">sprue-like illness</a></li><li>Mouth infection</li><li><a test="test" href="./000638.htm">Otitis media</a> (middle ear infection)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000145.htm">Pneumonia</a> (lung infection)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000647.htm">Sinusitis</a> (sinus infection)</li><li>Skin infections</li><li>Upper respiratory tract infections </li></ul><p>Other symptoms include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000144.htm">Bronchiectasis</a> (a disease in which the bronchial tubes in the lungs become damaged and enlarged)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000141.htm">Asthma</a> without a known cause</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>There may be a family history of IgA deficiency. Tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li>
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IgG subclass measurements
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</li><li><a test="test" href="./003545.htm">Quantitative immunoglobulins</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003541.htm">Serum immunoelectrophoresis</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>No specific treatment is available. Some people gradually develop normal levels of IgA without treatment.</p><p>Treatment involves taking steps to reduce the number and severity of infections. Antibiotics are often needed to treat bacterial infections.</p><p>For people with more frequent or severe infections, immunoglobulins might be given through a vein or by injection to boost the immune system.</p><p>Autoimmune disease treatment is based on the specific problem.</p><p>Note: People with complete IgA deficiency may develop anti-IgA antibodies if given blood products and immunoglobulins. This may lead to <a test="test" href="./000812.htm">allergies</a> or life-threatening <a test="test" href="./000844.htm">anaphylactic shock</a>. However, they can safely be given IgA-depleted immunoglobulins.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Selective IgA deficiency tends to be less severe than many other immunodeficiency diseases.</p><p>Many people with selective IgA deficiency have no symptoms at all. Some people with IgA deficiency will recover on their own and produce IgA in larger quantities over a period of years.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Autoimmune disorders such as <a test="test" href="./000431.htm">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a test="test" href="./000435.htm">systemic lupus erythematosus</a>, and <a test="test" href="./000233.htm">celiac disease</a> may develop.</p><p>People with IgA deficiency may develop antibodies to IgA. As a result, they can have severe, even life-threatening reactions to transfusions of blood and blood products.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>People with IgA deficiency should contact their health care provider if they are having symptoms of an infection or intestinal symptoms.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Genetic counseling may be of value to prospective parents with a family history of selective IgA deficiency.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>IgA deficiency; Immunodepressed - IgA deficiency; Immunosuppressed - IgA deficiency; Hypogammaglobulinemia - IgA deficiency; Agammaglobulinemia - IgA deficiency</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9069t.jpg" alt="Antibodies" title="Antibodies" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9069.htm">Antibodies</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Cunningham-Rundles C. Primary immunodeficiency diseases. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 231.</p><p>Hernandez-Trujillo VP, Ortega C. B-cell and antibody deficiencies. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, et al, eds. <em>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics</em>. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 166.</p></div></div></section>
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