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</div><div><span>Burkitt lymphoma</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Burkitt lymphoma</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a very fast growing form of <a test="test" href="./000581.htm">non-Hodgkin lymphoma</a>.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>BL was first discovered in children in certain parts of Africa. It also occurs in the United States.</p><p>The African type of BL is closely associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the main cause of <a test="test" href="./000591.htm">infectious mononucleosis</a>. The North American form of BL is not commonly linked to EBV. </p><p>People with <a test="test" href="./000594.htm">HIV/AIDS</a> have an increased risk for this condition. BL is most often seen in males.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>BL may first be noticed as a <a test="test" href="./003097.htm">swelling of the lymph nodes</a> (glands) in the head and neck. These swollen lymph nodes are often painless, but can grow very rapidly.</p><p>In the types commonly seen in the United States, the <a test="test" href="./001289.htm">cancer</a> often starts in the belly area (abdomen). The disease can also start in the ovaries, testes, brain, kidneys, liver, and spinal fluid.</p><p>Other general symptoms may include:</p><ul><li>
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Fever
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</li><li>
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Night sweats
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</li><li>Unexplained weight loss</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider will perform a physical exam. Tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003934.htm">Bone marrow biopsy</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003804.htm">Chest x-ray</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003788.htm">CT scan of the chest</a>, <a test="test" href="./003789.htm">abdomen</a>, and <a test="test" href="./007362.htm">pelvis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003642.htm">Complete blood count (CBC)</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003428.htm">Examination of the spinal fluid</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003933.htm">Lymph node biopsy</a></li><li>MRI of the abdomen or other affected body area<br/></li><li><a test="test" href="./003827.htm">PET scan</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p><a test="test" href="./002324.htm">Chemotherapy</a> is used to treat this type of cancer. If the cancer does not respond to chemotherapy alone, a <a test="test" href="./003009.htm">bone marrow transplant</a> may be done.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>More than one half of people with BL can be cured with intensive chemotherapy. The cure rate may be lower if the cancer spreads to the bone marrow or spinal fluid. The outlook is poor if the cancer comes back after a remission or does not go into remission as a result of the first cycle of chemotherapy.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Possible complications of BL include:</p><ul><li>Complications of treatment</li><li>Spread of the cancer </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you have symptoms of BL.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</span></button></div><div class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen" aria-live="polite">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>B-cell lymphoma; High-grade B-cell lymphoma; Small noncleaved cell lymphoma; Burkitt's lymphoma</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div name="Images" class="section-body" id="section-tnails"><ul class="img-grid group">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1104t.jpg" alt="Lymphatic system" title="Lymphatic system" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1104.htm">Lymphatic system</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1186t.jpg" alt="Lymphoma, malignant - CT scan" title="Lymphoma, malignant - CT scan" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1186.htm">Lymphoma, malignant - CT scan</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</span></button></div><div class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen" aria-live="polite">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Abramson JS. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. <em>Abeloff's Clinical Oncology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 103.</p><p>National Cancer Institute website. B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment (PDQ) - health professional version. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/b-cell-lymphoma-treatment-pdq#section/all" target="_blank">www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/b-cell-lymphoma-treatment-pdq#section/all</a>. Updated July 11, 2024. Accessed December 04, 2024.</p><p>Said JW. Immunodeficiency-related lymphoproliferative disorders. In: Hsi ED, ed. <em>Hematopathology: Foundations of Diagnostic Pathology</em>. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 10.</p><p>Schooley RT, Allen UD. Epstein-Barr virus infection. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 348.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 6/17/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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