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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Corneal ulcers and infections</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>The cornea is the clear tissue at the front of the eye. A corneal ulcer is an open sore in the outer layer of the cornea. It is often caused by infection. At first, a corneal ulcer may seem like conjunctivitis, or pink eye.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Corneal ulcers are most commonly caused by an infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi, or a parasite.</p><ul><li>Acanthamoeba keratitis occurs in contact lens users. It is more likely to happen in people who make their own homemade cleaning solutions.</li><li>Fungal keratitis can occur after a corneal injury involving plant material. It may also occur in people with a suppressed immune system.</li><li>Herpes simplex virus keratitis is a serious viral infection. It may cause repeated attacks that are triggered by stress, exposure to sunlight, or any condition that lowers the immune response. </li></ul><p>Corneal ulcers or infections may also be caused by:</p><ul><li>Eyelids that do not close all the way, such as with <a test="test" href="./000773.htm">Bell palsy</a></li><li>Foreign bodies in the eye</li><li>Scratches (abrasions) on the eye surface</li><li>Severely dry eyes</li><li>Severe allergic eye disease</li><li>Various inflammatory disorders </li></ul><p>Wearing contact lenses, especially soft contacts that are left in overnight, may cause a corneal ulcer.</p><div class="videobox"><div class="group"><img class="rollover_globals" alt="Corneal injury" title="Corneal injury" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/200050t.gif"/>Watch this video about:<a class="blk" href="../anatomyvideos/000035.htm">Corneal injury</a></div></div></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of infections or ulcers of the cornea include:</p><ul><li><div>Blurry or hazy vision</div></li><li><div>Eye that appears red or bloodshot</div></li><li><div><a test="test" href="./003034.htm">Itching and discharge</a></div></li><li><a test="test" href="./003041.htm">Sensitivity to light</a> (photophobia)</li><li>Very painful and <a test="test" href="./003036.htm">watery eyes</a></li><li>White patch on the cornea </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider or eye doctor may do the following tests:</p><ul><li>Exam of scrapings from the ulcer</li><li>Fluorescein stain of the cornea</li><li>Keratometry (measuring the curve of the cornea)</li><li>Pupillary reflex response</li><li><a test="test" href="./003844.htm">Refraction test</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003880.htm">Slit-lamp examination</a></li><li>Tests for dry eye</li><li><a test="test" href="./003396.htm">Visual acuity</a></li></ul><p>Blood tests to check for inflammatory disorders may also be needed.</p><p>Using newer information systems to evaluate photos of corneal ulcers may allow earlier diagnosis and treatment.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment for corneal ulcers and infections depends on the cause. Treatment should be started as soon as possible to prevent scarring of the cornea.</p><p>If the exact cause is not known, you may be given antibiotic drops that work against many kinds of bacteria.</p><p>Once the exact cause is known, you may be given drops that treat bacteria, herpes simplex virus, other viruses, or a fungus. Severe ulcers sometimes require a corneal transplant.</p><p>Corticosteroid eye drops may be used to reduce swelling and inflammation in certain conditions.</p><p>Your provider may also recommend that you:</p><ul><li>Avoid eye makeup.</li><li>Do not wear contact lenses at all, especially while asleep.</li><li>Take pain medicines.</li><li>Wear protective glasses.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Many people recover completely and have only a minor change in vision. However, a corneal ulcer or infection can cause long-term damage and affect vision.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Untreated corneal ulcers and infections may lead to:</p><ul><li>Loss of the eye (rare)</li><li>Severe vision loss</li><li>Scars on the cornea</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if:</p><ul><li>You have symptoms of corneal ulcers or an infection.</li><li>You have been diagnosed with this condition and your symptoms become worse after treatment.</li><li>Your vision is affected.</li><li>You develop eye pain that is severe or becoming worse.</li><li>Your eyelids or the skin around your eyes becomes swollen or red.</li><li>You have a headache in addition to your other symptoms.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Things you can do to prevent the condition include:</p><ul><li>Wash your hands well when handling your contact lenses.</li><li>Avoid wearing contact lenses overnight.</li><li>Get prompt treatment for an eye infection to prevent ulcers from forming. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Bacterial keratitis; Fungal keratitis; Acanthamoeba keratitis; Herpes simplex keratitis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Azar DT, Hallak J, Barnes SD, Giri P, Pavan-Langston D. Microbial keratitis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. <em>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 113.</p><p>Cioffi GA, Liebmann JM. Diseases of the visual system. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 391.</p><p>Efron N. Corneal staining. In: Efron N, ed. <em>Contact Lens Complications</em>. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 18.</p><p>Keenan JD, McLeod SD. Bacterial keratitis. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. <em>Ophthalmology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 4.12.</p><p>Tuli SS, Steigleman WA. Herpes simplex keratitis. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. <em>Ophthalmology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 4.15.</p></div></div></section>
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