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</div><div><span>Cataract - adult</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Cataract - adult</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>The lens of the eye is normally clear. It acts like the lens on a camera, focusing light as it passes to the back of the eye.</p><p>Until a person is around age 45, the shape of the lens is able to change. This allows the lens to focus on an object, whether it is close or far away.</p><p>As a person ages, proteins in the lens begin to break down. This makes the lens less flexible so that it is harder to focus on near objects. Over time, the lens becomes cloudy. What the eye sees may appear blurry at all distances. This condition is known as a cataract.</p><p>Factors that may speed cataract formation are:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./001214.htm">Diabetes</a></li><li>Eye inflammation</li><li>Eye injury</li><li>Family history of cataracts</li><li>Long-term use of corticosteroids (taken by mouth) or certain other medicines</li><li>Radiation exposure</li><li>Smoking</li><li>Surgery for another eye problem</li><li>Too much exposure to ultraviolet light (sunlight) </li></ul><img title="Cataract - close-up of the eye" alt="Cataract - close-up of the eye" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/1684.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><div class="videobox"><div class="group"><img class="rollover_globals" alt="Cataract" title="Cataract" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/200046t.gif"/>Watch this video about:<a class="blk" href="../anatomyvideos/000024.htm">Cataract</a></div></div><p>Cataracts develop slowly and painlessly. Vision in the affected eye slowly gets worse.</p><ul><li>Mild clouding of the lens often occurs after age 60. But it may not cause any vision problems.</li><li>By age 75, most people have cataracts that affect their vision. </li></ul><p>Problems with seeing may include:</p><ul><li>Being sensitive to glare</li><li>Cloudy, fuzzy, foggy, or filmy vision</li><li>Difficulty seeing at night or in dim light</li><li>Double vision</li><li>Loss of color intensity</li><li>Problems seeing shapes against a background or the difference between shades of colors</li><li>Seeing halos around lights</li><li>Frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions </li></ul><p>Cataracts lead to decreased vision, even in daylight. Most people with cataracts have similar changes in both eyes, though one eye may be worse than the other. Often there are only mild vision changes.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>A <a test="test" href="./003434.htm">standard eye exam</a> and <a test="test" href="./003880.htm">slit-lamp examination</a> are used to diagnose cataracts. Other tests are rarely needed, except to check for other causes of poor vision.</p><img title="Slit-lamp exam" alt="Slit-lamp exam" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/1140.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>For an early cataract, the eye doctor (ophthalmologist) may recommend the following:</p><ul><li>Change in eyeglass prescription</li><li>Better lighting</li><li>Magnifying lenses</li><li>Sunglasses</li></ul><p>As vision gets worse, you may need to make changes around the home to avoid falls and injuries.</p><p>The only treatment for a cataract is <a test="test" href="./002957.htm">surgery</a> to remove it. If a cataract is not making it hard for you to see, surgery is usually not needed. Cataracts usually do not harm the eye, so you can have surgery when you and your eye doctor decide it is right for you. Surgery is usually recommended when you can't do normal activities such as driving, reading, or looking at computer or video screens, even with glasses.</p><p>Some research found that having cataract surgery is associated with a lower risk of dementia but more research is needed to determine if this association was cause and effect.</p><p>Some people may have other eye problems, such as <a test="test" href="./001212.htm">diabetic retinopathy</a>, that can't be treated without first having cataract surgery.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Vision may not improve to 20/20 after cataract surgery if other eye diseases, such as <a test="test" href="./001000.htm">macular degeneration</a>, are present. The eye doctor can often determine this in advance.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Early diagnosis and properly timed treatment are key to preventing permanent vision problems.</p><p>Although rare, a cataract that goes on to an advanced stage (called a hypermature cataract) can begin to leak into other parts of the eye. This may cause a painful form of <a test="test" href="./001620.htm">glaucoma</a> and inflammation inside the eye.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your eye care professional for an appointment if you have:</p><ul><li>
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Decreased night vision</li><li>Problems with glare</li><li>Vision loss</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>The best prevention involves controlling diseases that increase the risk for a cataract. Avoiding exposure to things that promote cataract formation can also help. For example, if you smoke, now is the time to <a test="test" href="./001992.htm">quit</a>. Also, when outdoors, wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from harmful UV rays.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Lens opacity; Age-related cataract; Vision loss - cataract</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Patient Instructions</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-carepnt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div name="Patient Instructions" class="section-body" id="section-carepnt"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="../patientinstructions/000210.htm">Cataracts - what to ask your doctor </a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Pattern Cataract and Anterior Segment Committee. American Academy of Ophthalmology website. Cataract in the adult eye PPP - 2021. <a href="https://www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/cataract-in-adult-eye-ppp-2021-in-press" target="_blank">www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/cataract-in-adult-eye-ppp-2021-in-press</a>. Updated November 2021. Accessed August 8, 2023.</p><p>American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Pattern Cataract and Anterior Segment Panel, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care. American Academy of Ophthalmology website. Cataract /Anterior Segment Summary Benchmark 2022. <a href="https://www.aao.org/summary-benchmark-detail/cataract-anterior-segment-summary-benchmark-2020" target="_blank">www.aao.org/summary-benchmark-detail/cataract-anterior-segment-summary-benchmark-2020</a>. Updated December 2022. Accessed August 8, 2023.</p><p>Ma LZ, Zhang YR, Li YZ, et al. Cataract, cataract surgery, and risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 300,823 participants. <em>Biol Psychiatry</em>. 2023;93(9):810-819. PMID: 35940935 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35940935/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35940935/</a>.</p><p>Wevill M. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, causes, morphology, and visual effects of cataract. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. <em>Ophthalmology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 5.5.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 8/4/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Franklin W. Lusby, MD, Ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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