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</div><div><span>Schizoaffective disorder</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Schizoaffective disorder</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Schizoaffective disorder is a mental condition that causes both a loss of contact with reality (<a test="test" href="./001553.htm">psychosis</a>) and mood problems (<a test="test" href="./003213.htm">depression</a> or mania).</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>The exact cause of schizoaffective disorder is unknown. Changes in genes and chemicals in the brain (neurotransmitters) may play a role.</p><p>Schizoaffective disorder is thought to be less common than <a test="test" href="./000928.htm">schizophrenia</a> and mood disorders. Women may have the condition more often than men. Schizoaffective disorder is rare in children.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of schizoaffective disorder are different in each person. Often, people with schizoaffective disorder seek treatment for problems with mood, daily function, or abnormal thoughts.</p><p>Psychosis and mood problems may occur at the same time or by themselves. The disorder may involve cycles of severe symptoms followed by improvement.</p><p>The symptoms of schizoaffective disorder can include:</p><ul><li>Changes in appetite and energy</li><li>Disorganized speech that is not logical</li><li>False beliefs (delusions), such as thinking someone is trying to harm you (paranoia) or thinking that special messages are hidden in common places (delusions of reference)</li><li>Lack of concern with hygiene or grooming</li><li>Mood that is either too good, or depressed or irritable</li><li>Problems sleeping</li><li>Problems with concentration</li><li>Sadness or hopelessness</li><li>Seeing or hearing things that are not there (<a test="test" href="./003258.htm">hallucinations</a>)</li><li>Social isolation</li><li>Speaking so quickly that others cannot interrupt you </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>There are no medical tests to diagnose schizoaffective disorder. Your health care provider will do a mental health assessment to find out about the person's behavior and symptoms. A psychiatrist may be consulted to confirm the diagnosis.</p><p>To be diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, you must have psychotic symptoms and a mood disorder. In addition, you must have psychotic symptoms during a period of normal mood for at least 2 weeks.</p><p>The combination of psychotic and mood symptoms in schizoaffective disorder can be seen in other illnesses, such as <a test="test" href="./000926.htm">bipolar disorder</a>. Extreme disturbance in mood is an important part of schizoaffective disorder.</p><p>Before diagnosing schizoaffective disorder, your provider will check for medical and medicine-related conditions. Other mental disorders that cause psychotic or mood symptoms must also be ruled out. For example, psychotic or mood disorder symptoms can occur in people who:</p><ul><li>Use <a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000793.htm">cocaine</a>, <a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000792.htm">amphetamines</a>, or <a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000797.htm">phencyclidine</a> (PCP)</li><li>Have <a test="test" href="./003200.htm">seizure disorders</a></li><li>Take steroid medicines </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment can vary. In general, your provider will prescribe medicines to improve your mood and treat psychosis:</p><ul><li>Antipsychotic medicines are used to treat psychotic symptoms.</li><li>Antidepressant medicines, or mood stabilizers, may be prescribed to improve mood. </li></ul><p>Talk therapy can help with creating plans, solving problems, and maintaining relationships. Group therapy can help with social isolation.</p><p>Support and work training may be helpful for work skills, relationships, money management, and living situations.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>People with schizoaffective disorder have a greater chance of going back to their previous level of function than do people with most other psychotic disorders. But long-term treatment is often needed, and results vary from person to person.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications are similar to those for schizophrenia and major mood disorders. These include:</p><ul><li>Substance misuse</li><li>Problems following medical treatment and therapy</li><li>Problems due to manic behavior (for example, spending sprees, overly sexual behavior)</li><li>Suicidal behavior </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you or someone you know is experiencing any of the following:</p><ul><li>Depression with feelings of hopelessness or helplessness</li><li>Inability to care for basic personal needs</li><li>Increase in energy and involvement in risky behavior that is sudden and not normal for you (for instance, going days without sleeping and feeling no need for sleep)</li><li>Strange or unusual thoughts or perceptions</li><li>Symptoms that get worse or do not improve with treatment</li><li>Thoughts of suicide or of harming others</li></ul><p>If you or someone you know is thinking about suicide, call or text 988 or chat <a class="extln" target="_blank" href="https://988lifeline.org">988lifeline.org</a>. You can also call 1-800-273-8255 (1-800-273-TALK). The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline provides free and confidential support 24/7, anytime day or night.</p><p>You can also call 911 or the local emergency number or go to the hospital emergency room. DO NOT delay.</p><p>If someone you know has attempted suicide, call 911 or the local emergency number right away. DO NOT leave the person alone, even after you have called for help.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Mood disorder - schizoaffective disorder; Psychosis - schizoaffective disorder</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/17242t.jpg" alt="Schizoaffective disorder" title="Schizoaffective disorder" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/17242.htm">Schizoaffective disorder</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>American Psychiatric Association website. Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</em>. 5th ed. Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2022.</p><p>Lim C, Paudel S, Holt D, Freudenreich O. Psychosis and schizophrenia. In: Stern TA, Wilens TE, Fava M, eds. <em>Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry</em>. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 27.</p><p>Lyness JM, Lee HB. Psychiatric disorders in medical practice. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 362.</p></div></div></section>
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