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</div><div><span>Hypercalcemia</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Hypercalcemia</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Hypercalcemia means you have too much calcium in your blood.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Vitamin D help manage calcium balance in the body. </p><ul><li>PTH is made by the parathyroid glands. These are four small glands located in the neck behind the thyroid gland. </li><li><a test="test" href="./002405.htm">Vitamin D</a> is obtained when the skin is exposed to sunlight, and from food sources or supplements.</li></ul><p>The most common cause of high calcium blood level is excess PTH released by the parathyroid glands. This excess occurs due to:</p><ul><li>An enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands. </li><li>A growth on one of the glands. Most of the time, these growths are benign (not a cancer).</li></ul><p>Calcium blood level may also be high if your body is low on fluids or water.</p><p>Other conditions can also cause hypercalcemia:</p><ul><li>Certain kinds of cancers, such as lung and breast cancer, or cancer that has spread to your organs.</li><li>Too much vitamin D in your blood (hypervitaminosis D).</li><li>Being immobile in bed for many days or weeks (mostly in children).</li><li>Too much calcium in your diet. This is called milk-alkali syndrome. It most often occurs when a person is taking more than 2000 milligrams of calcium bicarbonate supplements a day along with high doses of Vitamin D.</li><li><a test="test" href="./000356.htm">Overactive thyroid gland</a>.
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</li><li><a test="test" href="./000501.htm">Chronic kidney disease or kidney failure</a>.
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</li><li>Medicines such as thiazide diuretics (water pills) and lithium.</li><li>Some infections or health problems such as, Paget disease, tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. </li><li>An inherited condition that affects the body's ability to manage calcium. </li></ul><p>Men and women of all ages can have a high blood calcium level. However, it is most common in women over age 50 (after menopause). In most cases, this is due to an overactive parathyroid gland. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>The condition is most often diagnosed at an early stage using routine blood tests. Most people have no symptoms.</p><p>Symptoms due to high calcium level may vary, depending on the cause and how long the problem has been present. They may include:</p><ul><li>Digestive symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, poor appetite, or constipation</li><li>Increased thirst or more frequent urination, due to changes in the kidneys </li><li>Muscle weakness or twitches</li><li>Changes in how your brain works, such as feeling tired or fatigued or confused</li><li><a test="test" href="./003180.htm">Bone pain</a> and fragile bones that break more easily</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>An accurate diagnosis is needed when someone has hypercalcemia. People with kidney stones should have tests to evaluate for hypercalcemia.</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003477.htm">Serum calcium</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003690.htm">Serum PTH</a></li><li>Serum PTHrP (PTH-related protein)</li><li>Serum vitamin D level</li><li><a test="test" href="./003603.htm">Urine calcium</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment is aimed at the cause of hypercalcemia whenever possible. People with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) may need surgery to remove the abnormal parathyroid gland. This will cure the hypercalcemia.</p><p>Severe hypercalcemia that causes symptoms and requires a hospital stay may be treated with the following:</p><ul><li>Fluids through a vein -- This is the most important therapy.</li><li>Calcitonin.</li><li>Dialysis, if kidney damage is involved.</li><li>Diuretic medicine, such as furosemide.</li><li>Drugs that stop bone breakdown and absorption by the body (bisphosphonates).</li><li>Glucocorticoids (steroids).</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>How well you do depends on the cause of your high calcium level. The outlook is good for people with mild hyperparathyroidism or hypercalcemia that have a treatable cause. Most of the time, there are no complications. </p><p>People with hypercalcemia due to conditions such as cancer or sarcoidosis may not do well. This is most often because of the disease itself, rather than the high calcium level.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>GASTROINTESTINAL</p><ul><li>Pancreatitis</li><li><a test="test" href="./000206.htm">Peptic ulcer</a> disease</li></ul><p>KIDNEY</p><ul><li>Calcium deposits in the kidney (<a test="test" href="./000492.htm">nephrocalcinosis</a>) that cause poor kidney function</li><li><a test="test" href="./000982.htm">Dehydration</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000468.htm">High blood pressure</a></li><li>Kidney failure</li><li><a test="test" href="./000458.htm">Kidney stones</a></li></ul><p>PSYCHOLOGICAL</p><ul><li>Depression</li><li>Difficulty concentrating or thinking</li></ul><p>SKELETAL</p><ul><li>Bone cysts</li><li><a test="test" href="./000001.htm">Fractures</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000360.htm">Osteoporosis</a></li></ul><p>These complications of long-term hypercalcemia are uncommon today in many countries.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your health care provider if you have:</p><ul><li><div>Family history of hypercalcemia</div></li><li><div>Family history of hyperparathyroidism</div></li><li><div>Symptoms of hypercalcemia</div></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Most causes of hypercalcemia cannot be prevented. Anyone with symptoms of hypercalcemia should have their blood calcium level checked.</p><p>Talk to your provider about the correct dose if you are taking calcium and vitamin D supplements. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Calcium - elevated; High calcium level; Hyperparathyroidism - hypercalcemia</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Patient Instructions</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-carepnt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div name="Patient Instructions" class="section-body" id="section-carepnt"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="../patientinstructions/000044.htm">Hypercalcemia - discharge</a></li>
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Coleman RE, Brown J, Holen I. Bone metastases. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. <em>Abeloff's Clinical Oncology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 56.</p><p>Reid LM, Kamani D, Randolf GW. Management of parathyroid disorders. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. <em>Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 123.</p><p>Thakker RV. The parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 227.</p></div></div></section>
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