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</div><div><span>Autoimmune hepatitis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Autoimmune hepatitis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Autoimmune hepatitis causes inflammation of the liver. It occurs when immune cells mistake the liver's normal cells for harmful invaders and attack them.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>This form of hepatitis is an <a test="test" href="./000816.htm">autoimmune disease</a>. The body's immune system cannot tell the difference between healthy body tissue and harmful, outside substances. The result is an immune response that destroys normal body tissues.</p><p>Liver inflammation, or hepatitis, may occur along with other autoimmune diseases. These include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000358.htm">Graves disease</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000250.htm">Inflammatory bowel disease</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000431.htm">Rheumatoid arthritis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000429.htm">Scleroderma</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000456.htm">Sjögren syndrome</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000435.htm">Systemic lupus erythematosus</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000371.htm">Thyroiditis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000305.htm">Type 1 diabetes</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000250.htm">Ulcerative colitis</a></li></ul><p>Autoimmune hepatitis may occur in family members of people with autoimmune diseases. There may be a genetic cause.</p><p>This disease is most common in young girls and women.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003088.htm">Fatigue</a></li><li>General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (<a test="test" href="./003089.htm">malaise</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003217.htm">Itching</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003121.htm">Loss of appetite</a></li><li>Nausea or vomiting</li><li>Joint pain</li><li><a test="test" href="./003129.htm">Pale or clay-colored stools</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003138.htm">Dark urine</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003122.htm">Abdominal distention</a></li></ul><p>Absence of menstruation (amenorrhea) may also be a symptom.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Tests for autoimmune hepatitis include the following blood tests:</p><ul><li>Liver function tests</li><li>Anti-liver kidney <a test="test" href="./003556.htm">microsome type 1 antibody</a> (anti LKM-1)</li><li>Anti-nuclear antibody (<a test="test" href="./003535.htm">ANA</a>)</li><li>Anti-smooth muscle antibody (SMA)</li><li>Serum IgG</li><li>Liver biopsy to look for long-term hepatitis </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>You may need prednisone or other corticosteroid medicines to help reduce the inflammation. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine are drugs used to treat other autoimmune disorders. They have also been shown to help people with autoimmune hepatitis.</p><p>Some people may need a liver transplant.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The outcome varies. Corticosteroid medicines may slow the progress of the disease. However, autoimmune hepatitis may advance to cirrhosis. This could require a liver transplant.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000255.htm">Cirrhosis</a></li><li>Side effects from steroids and other medicines</li><li><a test="test" href="./000280.htm">Hepatocellular carcinoma</a></li><li>Liver failure </li><li><a test="test" href="./000268.htm">Bleeding from varices</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000286.htm">Ascites</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000302.htm">Hepatic encephalopathy</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your health care provider if you notice symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>In most cases, autoimmune hepatitis cannot be prevented. Knowing the risk factors may help you detect and treat the disease early. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Lupoid hepatitis; Chronic active hepatitis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Czaja AJ. Autoimmune hepatitis. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. <em>Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. </em>11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 90.</p><p>Pawlotsky J-M. Chronic viral and autoimmune hepatitis. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine.</em> 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 140.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 11/2/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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