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</div><div><span>Ventricular tachycardia</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Ventricular tachycardia</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a rapid heartbeat that starts in the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles).</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>VT is a pulse rate of more than 100 beats per minute, with at least 3 abnormal rapid heartbeats in a row.</p><p>The condition can develop as an early or late complication of a <a test="test" href="./000195.htm">heart attack</a>. It may also occur in people with:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./001105.htm">Cardiomyopathy</a></li><li>Heart failure (also called congestive heart failure)</li><li>Heart surgery</li><li><a test="test" href="./000149.htm">Myocarditis</a></li><li>Valvular heart disease </li></ul><p>VT can occur without other heart disease.</p><p>Scar tissue may form in the muscle of the ventricles days, months, or years after a heart attack. This can lead to ventricular tachycardia.</p><p>VT can also be caused by:</p><ul><li>Anti-arrhythmic drugs (used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm)</li><li>Changes in blood chemistry (such as a low potassium level)</li><li>Changes in blood pH (acid-base)</li><li>Lack of enough oxygen </li></ul><p>"Torsade de pointes" is a specific form of VT. It is often due to <a test="test" href="./001114.htm">congenital heart disease</a> or the use of certain medicines.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>You may have symptoms if the heart rate during a VT episode is very fast or lasts longer than a few seconds. Symptoms may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003079.htm">Chest discomfort</a> (<a test="test" href="./001107.htm">angina</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003092.htm">Fainting</a> (syncope)</li><li>
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Lightheadedness or <a test="test" href="./003093.htm">dizziness</a></li><li>Sensation of feeling the heart beat (<a test="test" href="./003081.htm">palpitations</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003075.htm">Shortness of breath</a></li></ul><p>Symptoms may start and stop suddenly. In some cases, there are no symptoms.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will look for:</p><ul><li>Absent pulse</li><li>Loss of consciousness</li><li>Normal or low blood pressure</li><li><a test="test" href="./003077.htm">Rapid pulse</a></li></ul><p>Tests that may be used to detect ventricular tachycardia include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003868.htm">Electrocardiogram</a> (ECG)
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</li><li><a test="test" href="./003877.htm">Holter monitor</a></li><li>Intracardiac <a test="test" href="./003867.htm">electrophysiology study</a> (EPS)</li><li>Rhythm monitoring with a loop recorder or device </li></ul><p>You may also have <a test="test" href="./003468.htm">blood chemistries</a> and other tests. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment depends on the symptoms, and the type of heart disorder.</p><p>If someone with VT is in distress, they may require:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000010.htm">Cardiopulmonary resuscitation</a> (CPR)</li><li>Cardioversion (electric shock)</li><li>Medicines (such as lidocaine, procainamide, sotalol, or amiodarone) given through a vein </li></ul><p>After an episode of VT, steps are taken to prevent further episodes.</p><ul><li>Medicines taken by mouth may be needed for long-term treatment. However, these medicines may have severe side effects. They are being used less often as other treatments are developed.</li><li>A procedure to destroy the heart tissue that is causing the abnormal heartbeat (called <a test="test" href="./007368.htm">ablation</a>) may be done.</li><li>An <a test="test" href="./007370.htm">implantable cardioverter defibrillator</a> (ICD) may be recommended. It is an implanted device that detects any life-threatening, rapid heartbeat. This abnormal heartbeat is called an arrhythmia. If it occurs, the ICD quickly sends an electrical shock to the heart to change the rhythm back to normal. This is called defibrillation. </li></ul><img title="Implantable cardiac defibrillator" alt="Implantable cardiac defibrillator" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/22914.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The outcome depends on the heart condition and symptoms.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Ventricular tachycardia may not cause symptoms in some people. However, it can be deadly. It is a major cause of sudden cardiac death.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Go to the emergency room or call 911 or the local emergency number if you have a rapid, irregular pulse, faint, or have <a test="test" href="./003079.htm">chest pain</a>. All of these may be signs of ventricular tachycardia.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>In some cases, the disorder cannot be prevented. In other cases, it can be prevented by treating heart problems and avoiding certain medicines.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Wide-complex tachycardia; V tach; Tachycardia - ventricular</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Patient Instructions</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-carepnt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div name="Patient Instructions" class="section-body" id="section-carepnt"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="../patientinstructions/000108.htm">Implantable cardioverter defibrillator - discharge</a></li>
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society [published correction appears in <em>J Am Coll Cardiol.</em> 2018;72(14):1760]. <em>J Am Coll Cardiol</em>. 2018;72(14):1677-1749. PMID: 29097294 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097294/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097294/</a>.</p><p>Epstein EF, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA 3rd, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. <em>J Am Coll Cardiol</em>. 2013;661(3):e6-75. PMID: 23265327 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23265327/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23265327/</a>.</p><p>Garan H. Ventricular arrhythmias. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 53.</p><p>Stevenson WG, Keppenfeld K. Ventricular Arrhythmias. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. <em>Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine</em>. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 67.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 5/27/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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