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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Hypertensive heart disease</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Hypertensive heart disease refers to heart problems that occur because of high blood pressure that is present over a long time.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>High blood pressure means the pressure inside the blood vessels (called arteries) is too high. As the heart pumps against this pressure, it must work harder. Over time, this causes the heart muscle to thicken.</p><p>Because there are often no symptoms with high blood pressure, people can have the problem without knowing it. Symptoms most often do not occur until after many years of poor blood pressure control, when damage to the heart has occurred.</p><p>Eventually, the muscle may become so thick that it does not get enough oxygen. This can cause <a test="test" href="./001107.htm">angina</a> (chest pain). Without appropriate blood pressure control, the heart muscle can weaken over time and <a test="test" href="./000158.htm">heart failure</a> may develop.</p><p>High blood pressure also leads to thickening of the blood vessel walls. When combined with cholesterol deposits in the blood vessels, the risk of heart attack and stroke increases.</p><p>Hypertensive heart disease is the leading cause of illness and death from high blood pressure.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Contact your health care provider if you have high blood pressure and develop any symptoms.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Diagnosing high blood pressure early can help prevent heart disease, stroke, eye problems, and chronic kidney disease.</p><p>All people age 18 and older should have their blood pressure checked every year. More frequent measurement may be needed for those with a history of high blood pressure readings or those with risk factors for high blood pressure.</p><img title="Lifestyle changes" alt="Lifestyle changes" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/18167.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/><p>Guidelines can change as new information becomes available, Therefore, your provider may recommend more frequent checks based on your blood pressure levels and other health conditions.</p><p>If your blood pressure is high, you need to lower it and keep it under control.</p><ul><li>Do not stop or change high blood pressure medicines without talking to your provider.</li><li>Carefully control diabetes and high cholesterol.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Hypertension - hypertensive heart; High blood pressure - hypertensive heart</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Patient Instructions</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-carepnt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div name="Patient Instructions" class="section-body" id="section-carepnt"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="../patientinstructions/000224.htm">Heart failure - what to ask your doctor </a></li>
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<li><a href="../patientinstructions/000226.htm">High blood pressure - what to ask your doctor </a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Bakris GL, Sorrentino MJ. Systemic hypertension: mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds.<em> Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine</em>. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 26.</p><p>Flack JM. Arterial hypertension. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 64.</p><p>Rogers JG, O'Connor CM. Heart failure: epidemiology, pathobiology, and diagnosis. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 45.</p><p>US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for Hypertension in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement. <em>JAMA</em>. 2021;325(16):1650-1656. PMID: 33904861<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33904861/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33904861/</a>.</p><p>Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. <em>J Am Coll Cardiol</em>. 2018;71(19):e127-e248. PMID: 29146535 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29146535/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29146535/</a>.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 2/27/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Thomas S. Metkus, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. </p>
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</div></div><div name="Related MedlinePlus Health Topics" class="section-body" id="section-mtp"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">Coronary Artery Disease</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart Failure</a></li>
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