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</div><div><span>Empyema</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Empyema</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Empyema is a collection of pus in the space between the lung and the inner surface of the chest wall (pleural space).</p><img title="Lungs" alt="Lungs" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/1103.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Empyema is usually caused by an infection that spreads directly from the lung. It leads to a buildup of pus in the pleural space.</p><p>There can be 2 cups (1/2 liter) or more of infected fluid. This fluid puts pressure on the lungs.</p><p>Risk factors include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000145.htm">Bacterial pneumonia</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000077.htm">Tuberculosis</a></li><li>Chest surgery</li><li>Lung <a test="test" href="./001353.htm">abscess</a></li><li>Trauma or injury to the chest </li></ul><p>In rare cases, empyema can occur after <a test="test" href="./003420.htm">thoracentesis</a>. This is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the chest wall to remove fluid in the pleural space for medical diagnosis or treatment.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of empyema may include any of the following:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003079.htm">Chest pain</a>, which worsens when you breathe in deeply (pleurisy)</li><li>Dry <a test="test" href="./003072.htm">cough</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003218.htm">Excessive sweating</a>, especially night sweats</li><li><a test="test" href="./003090.htm">Fever</a> and chills</li><li>General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (<a test="test" href="./003089.htm">malaise</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003075.htm">Shortness of breath</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003107.htm">Weight loss</a> (unintentional) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider may note decreased breath sounds or an abnormal sound (friction rub) when listening to your chest with a stethoscope (<a test="test" href="./002226.htm">auscultation</a>).</p><p>Tests that may be ordered include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003804.htm">Chest x-ray</a> (may require multiple positions)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003788.htm">CT scan of chest</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003420.htm">Thoracentesis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003624.htm">Pleural fluid analysis</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The goal of treatment is to cure the infection. This involves the following:</p><ul><li>Placing a tube in your chest to drain the pus</li><li>Giving you antibiotics to control the infection</li></ul><p>If you have problems breathing, you may need surgery to help your lung expand properly.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>When empyema complicates pneumonia, the risk for permanent lung damage and death goes up. Long-term treatment with antibiotics and drainage are needed. </p><p>In general, most people fully recover from empyema.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Having empyema may lead to the following:</p><ul><li>Pleural thickening</li><li>Reduced lung function</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you develop symptoms of empyema.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Prompt and effective treatment of lung infections may prevent some cases of empyema.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Empyema - pleural; Pyothorax; Pleurisy - purulent</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1103t.jpg" alt="Lungs" title="Lungs" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1103.htm">Lungs</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/7046t.jpg" alt="Chest tube insertion - series - Pleural cavity" title="Chest tube insertion - series - Pleural cavity" class="side-img"/><a href="../presentations/100008_1.htm">Chest tube insertion - series</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Broaddus VC, Light RW. Pleural effusion. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. <em>Murray and Nadel's Textbook of
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Respiratory Medicine.</em> 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 108.</p><p>McCool FD. Diseases of the diaphragm, chest wall, pleura, and mediastinum. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 86.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 8/26/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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