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{"id":19153,"date":"2020-06-02T11:00:12","date_gmt":"2020-06-02T15:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=19153"},"modified":"2024-10-21T11:06:58","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T15:06:58","slug":"when-people-are-data-how-medical-history-matters-for-our-digital-age","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/06\/02\/when-people-are-data-how-medical-history-matters-for-our-digital-age\/","title":{"rendered":"When People are Data: How Medical History Matters for Our Digital Age"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Joanna Radin, Ph.D. <a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/watch=35473\">will speak<\/a> on Tuesday, June 9, 2020 at 2:00 PM ET. This program will be <a id=\"anch_127\" href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/watch=35473\">live-streamed<\/a> globally, and <a id=\"anch_128\" href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/PastEvents?c=221\">archived<\/a>, by <a id=\"anch_129\" href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/\">NIH VideoCasting<\/a>. <\/em><em>Dr. Radin is Associate Professor, Program in History of Science and Medicine, Yale University.<\/em> Circulating Now<em> interviewed her about her research and <\/em><em>upcoming <\/em><em>talk<\/em><em>, <\/em><em>which is<\/em> <em>co-sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities, Office of Digital Humanities, as part of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/news\/nlm_neh_common_interests_2015.html\">partnership between NLM and NEH<\/a>\u00a0to collaborate on research, education, and career initiatives.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Circulating Now:<\/strong> Tell us a little about yourself. Where are you from? What do you do? What is your typical workday like?<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/lectures-Joanna-Radin_tb.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"19238\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/06\/02\/when-people-are-data-how-medical-history-matters-for-our-digital-age\/lectures-joanna-radin_tb\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/lectures-Joanna-Radin_tb.jpg?fit=133%2C200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"133,200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Joanna Radin\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/lectures-Joanna-Radin_tb.jpg?fit=133%2C200&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/lectures-Joanna-Radin_tb.jpg?fit=133%2C200&ssl=1\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-19238\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/lectures-Joanna-Radin_tb.jpg?resize=133%2C200&ssl=1\" alt=\"A photogrpah of a white woman.\" width=\"133\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a>Joanna Radin:<\/strong> I\u2019m an Associate Professor of History of Science and Medicine, based at the Yale School of Medicine. At Yale, I teach medical students as well as undergraduate and graduate students in the School of Arts and Sciences. My research centers on the history of what I call \u201cbiomedical futures,\u201d which you can read more about on my website or twitter account (@joannaradin). I live in Stony Creek, CT. Since COVID, my typical workday consists of hanging out with my toddler son who just learned to walk!<\/p>\n<p><strong>CN:<\/strong> You\u2019ll be giving our first virtual NLM History Talk and fortuitously, your subject relates to digital technology.\u00a0 Tell us a little about your work in digital humanities.<\/p>\n<p><strong>JR:<\/strong> I\u2019m interested in helping people to think about digital culture both historically and ethnographically. I will be especially interested to explore these questions as I, like many others, work to shift my teaching and other forms of social life online in the coming year. In this moment, as in the historical ones I document in my talk, is labor being equitably distributed? Who is being asked to perform the invisible labor and shadow work in this new digital moment?<\/p>\n<p><strong>CN:<\/strong> Your talk is titled \u201cWhen People are Data: How Medical History Matters for Our Digital Age.\u201d Tell us a little about the people at the center of your research.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_19229\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19229\" style=\"width: 218px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_detail_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"19229\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/06\/02\/when-people-are-data-how-medical-history-matters-for-our-digital-age\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_detail_niddk_mh96d2876\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_detail_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?fit=872%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"872,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_detail_NIDDK_MH96D2876\" data-image-description=\"<p>https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/pimaindianspathf00nati\/page\/32\/mode\/1up<br \/>\nPoster for the Diabetes<br \/>\nPrevention Study by<br \/>\nJose Antone<br \/>\nA Healthy Lifestyle – How to Make it Work for You. “O’Odham for better Health”<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Poster featured in The Pima Indians Pathfinders for Health, Office of Minority Health Resources, NIH, 2013<br \/>\nInternet Archive<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_detail_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?fit=218%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_detail_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?fit=744%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-19229 size-medium\" title=\"O'Odham for better Health\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_detail_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=218%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"Poster showing various healthy activites.\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_detail_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=218%2C300&ssl=1 218w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_detail_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=744%2C1024&ssl=1 744w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_detail_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=768%2C1057&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_detail_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=840%2C1156&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_detail_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?w=872&ssl=1 872w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19229\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Poster featured in <em>The Pima Indians Pathfinders for Health<\/em>, Office of Minority Health Resources, NIH, 2013<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/pimaindianspathf00nati\/page\/32\/mode\/1up\"><em>Internet Archive<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>JR:<\/strong> My question is: What brings people into research relationships and how do those relationships change over time. This particular talk focuses on research relationships between members of an Indigenous community in the American southwest who call themselves Akimel O\u2019odham. This community lives on one of the oldest reservations, during which time they have developed extremely very high rates of diabetes and hypertension. Starting the 1950s, NIH-affiliated researchers set up longitudinal studies about these conditions. As it turns out, much of what we have come to know about diabetes comes from this and other similar longitudinal research projects. Unfortunately the illness Akimel O\u2019odham and other Indigenous communities experience have not been mitigated, despite having helped biomedical researchers understand the medical conditions from which they suffer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CN:<\/strong> What is the Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset (PIDD) and how did it come about?<\/p>\n<p><strong>JR:<\/strong> The data set emerged from the longitudinal studies conducted with Akimel O\u2019odham (Pima is the settler name for the community). It includes eight variables associated with women of childbearing age. This data was extracted from a larger set of results, and through a series of historically specific processes, wound up becoming digitized and serving as a resource for things that had nothing to do with diabetes, health, or even women. Instead, it became an important early resource for scholars in the entirely separate field of machine learning, who were looking for particular kinds of data sets to test the new kinds of algorithms they were developing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/02\\\/when-people-are-data-how-medical-history-matters-for-our-digital-age\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 348px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"348\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 170px; height: 348px;\" data-original-width=\"170\" data-original-height=\"348\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/06\/02\/when-people-are-data-how-medical-history-matters-for-our-digital-age\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0001_niddk_mh96d2876\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"166\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"164\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19226\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0001_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1215,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"NIDDK Pamphlet Cover\" data-image-description=\"<p>https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/pimaindianspathf00nati\/mode\/1up<\/p> <p>pimaindianspathf00nati_0001_NIDDK_MH96D2876<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0001_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?fit=300%2C296&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0001_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?fit=840%2C829&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0001_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?w=166&h=164&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0001_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?w=1215&ssl=1 1215w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0001_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=300%2C296&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0001_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=1024%2C1011&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0001_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=768%2C759&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0001_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=1200%2C1185&ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0001_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=840%2C830&ssl=1 840w\" width=\"166\" height=\"164\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"166\" data-original-height=\"164\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"NIDDK Pamphlet Cover\" alt=\"Cover of a pamphlet with an image of a birds wing overlaid with a DNA chart.\" style=\"width: 166px; height: 164px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> The Pima Indians Pathfinders for Health, Office of Minority Health Resources, NIH, 2013 Internet Archive <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/06\/02\/when-people-are-data-how-medical-history-matters-for-our-digital-age\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_niddk_mh96d2876\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"166\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"176\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19228\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1132,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_NIDDK_MH96D2876\" data-image-description=\"<p>https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/pimaindianspathf00nati\/page\/n4\/mode\/2up<br \/> History paints a colorful<br \/> portrait of the American<br \/> Indians who live today in<br \/> the Gila River Indian Community.<br \/> Their ancestors were among the first<br \/> people to set foot in the Americas<br \/> 30,000 years ago. They have lived in<br \/> the Sonoron Desert near the Gila<br \/> River in what is now southern Ari-<br \/> zona for at least 2, 000 years. <\/p> <p>Called the Pima Indians by exploring<br \/> Spaniards who first encountered them<br \/> in the 1600s, these early Americans<br \/> called themselves “O’Odham,” the<br \/> River people, and those with whom<br \/> they intermarried, “Tohono<br \/> O’Odham,” the Desert people. <\/p> <p>Archaeological finds suggest that the<br \/> Pima Indians descended from the<br \/> Hohokam, “those who have gone,” a<br \/> prehistoric people who originated in <\/p> <p>Mexico. Strong runners, the Pima<br \/> Indians were also master weavers and<br \/> farmers who could make the desert<br \/> bloom. Once trusted scouts for the<br \/> U.S. Cavalry, the Pima Indians are<br \/> pathfinders for health, helping scien-<br \/> tists from the National Institute of<br \/> Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney<br \/> Diseases (NIDDK), a part of the<br \/> National Institutes of Health (NIH),<br \/> learn the secrets of diabetes, obesity,<br \/> and their complications. <\/p> <p>Migrating from Mexico, the people<br \/> settled the land up to where the Gila<br \/> River and the Salt River meet, in what<br \/> is now Arizona. They extablished a<br \/> sophisticated system of irrigation that<br \/> made the desert fruitful with wheat,<br \/> beans, squash and cotton. The women<br \/> of the community made exquisite<br \/> baskets so intricately woven that they<br \/> were watertight. <\/p> <p>They were also a generous people.<br \/> They sheltered the Pee Posh (or<br \/> Maricopa Indians) who fied attack by<br \/> hostile tribes, and who also became<br \/> part of the Gila River community.<br \/> Aiyone who followed the Gila river,<br \/> the main southern route to the Pacific,<br \/> encountered these peaceful and pro-<br \/> ductive traders who gave hospitality to<br \/> travellers for hundreds of years. “Bread<br \/> is to eat, not to sell. Take what you<br \/> want,” they told Kit Carson in 1846. <\/p> <p>Today, the Pima Indians of the Gila<br \/> River Indian Community are still an<br \/> agricultural people, nurturing orchards<br \/> of orange trees, pistachios and olives.<br \/> They are still giving, too. Eleven<br \/> thousand strong, the members of the<br \/> Gila River Indian Reservation have<br \/> participated in 30 years of research<br \/> that will help people avoid diabetes,<br \/> have healthier eyes, hearts, and <\/p> <p>Pima scouts in 1886.<br \/> (Smithsonian Institution) <\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?fit=283%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?fit=840%2C890&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?w=166&h=176&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?w=1132&ssl=1 1132w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=283%2C300&ssl=1 283w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=966%2C1024&ssl=1 966w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=768%2C814&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=840%2C890&ssl=1 840w\" width=\"166\" height=\"176\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"166\" data-original-height=\"176\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_NIDDK_MH96D2876\" alt=\"Page from a Pamphlet titled The Pima Indians" Pathfinders for Health illustrated with a photograph of men on horses in an arid landscape.\" style=\"width: 166px; height: 176px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> The Pima Indians Pathfinders for Health, Office of Minority Health Resources, NIH, 2013 Internet Archive <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 338px; height: 348px;\" data-original-width=\"338\" data-original-height=\"348\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/06\/02\/when-people-are-data-how-medical-history-matters-for-our-digital-age\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_niddk_mh96d2876\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"334\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"344\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19230\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1165,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_NIDDK_MH96D2876\" data-image-description=\"<p>https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/pimaindianspathf00nati\/page\/32\/mode\/1up<br \/> While scientists are achieving impor-<br \/> tant gains in the improved treatment<br \/> of diabetes, preventing the disease is a<br \/> top priority in the diabetes research<br \/> community. By learning more about<br \/> why certain people are at high risk for<br \/> developing diabetes, scientists may be<br \/> able to develop ways to stop the dis-<br \/> ease before it starts, or at least delay<br \/> its development. <\/p> <p>Researchers do not yet fully under-<br \/> stand why American Indians, and espe-<br \/> cially the Pima Indians, are more likely<br \/> to develop diabetes, but one thing is<br \/> clear – those who are overweight are<br \/> at high risk. Approximately 80 percent<br \/> of people with diabetes are over-<br \/> weight. <\/p> <p>For thousands of years, wheat,<br \/> beans and squash have been a staple<br \/> food for native North Americans.<br \/> Traditional beans, such as the tepary<br \/> bean, are an especially rich source<br \/> of protein and fiber. <\/p> <p>Studies have shown that American<br \/> Indians, Africans and Hispanics living<br \/> in their native homelands – where the<br \/> traditional diet is low in fat and daily<br \/> activities involve walking, gardening,<br \/> farming, and other forms of physical<br \/> labor – have very low rates of<br \/> unhealthy weight and diabetes. <\/p> <p>When these groups adopt the high fat<br \/> diet and inactive lifestyle typical of<br \/> Western civilization, weight gain –<br \/> and frequently, diabetes and its com-<br \/> plications – become significant health<br \/> problems. Researchers think that if<br \/> these minority populations returned to<br \/> their native diet and lifestyle, the risk<br \/> of diabetes could be reduced and<br \/> people who already have the disease<br \/> might be healthier. <\/p> <p>To test these and other theories on<br \/> prevention, NIH has launched a na-<br \/> tionwide, multi-center clinical study,<br \/> the Diabetes Prevention Program, to<br \/> see if diabetes can be prevented or<br \/> delayed in people at high risk for de-<br \/> veloping the disease. The NIH is re-<br \/> cruiting several hundred Native <\/p> <p>Americans at high risk for developing<br \/> diabetes to participate in the six-year<br \/> study. Volunteers will be selected from<br \/> among several American tribes, includ-<br \/> ing the Pima Indians. Dr. William<br \/> Knowler, chief of the Diabetes and<br \/> Epidemiology Section at NIDDK, and<br \/> Dr. Venkat Narayan, an NIDDK visit-<br \/> ing scientist, will direct the study in<br \/> the Pima Indians. <\/p> <p>To prepare for this multi-center study,<br \/> NIH researchers conducted a pilot<br \/> study with 95 Pima Indians who are<br \/> diabetes-free and have normal glucose<br \/> tolerance tests. Researchers wanted to<br \/> determine if study participants would <\/p> <p>Poster for the Diabetes<br \/> Prevention Study by<br \/> Jose Antone <\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?fit=291%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?fit=840%2C865&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?w=334&h=344&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?w=1165&ssl=1 1165w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=291%2C300&ssl=1 291w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=994%2C1024&ssl=1 994w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=768%2C791&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=840%2C865&ssl=1 840w\" width=\"334\" height=\"344\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"334\" data-original-height=\"344\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"pimaindianspathf00nati_0036_NIDDK_MH96D2876\" alt=\"A page from a pamphlet with heading New Study Focuses on Prevention.\" style=\"width: 334px; height: 344px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> The Pima Indians Pathfinders for Health, Office of Minority Health Resources, NIH, 2013 Internet Archive <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 332px; height: 348px;\" data-original-width=\"332\" data-original-height=\"348\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/06\/02\/when-people-are-data-how-medical-history-matters-for-our-digital-age\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0037_niddk_mh96d2876\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"328\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"344\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19231\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0037_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1147,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"pimaindianspathf00nati_0037_NIDDK_MH96D2876\" data-image-description=\"<p>https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/pimaindianspathf00nati\/page\/32\/mode\/1up<\/p> <p>follow a diet and exercise program,<br \/> and participate in a cultural education<br \/> program about their native heritage to<br \/> learn more about the healthy lifestyle<br \/> of their ancestors. <\/p> <p>“We wanted to find out how best to<br \/> work with people to bring about<br \/> lifestyle changes,” says Dr. Narayan,<br \/> co-director of the pilot study. <\/p> <p>The two groups in the pilot study<br \/> were called Pima Action and Pima<br \/> Pride. Volunteers in the Pima Action<br \/> group were encouraged to eat a lower-<br \/> fat, higher-fiber diet. The staff encour-<br \/> aged study participants to increase<br \/> their consumption of foods such as<br \/> beans, fruits and vegetables, and<br \/> suggested recipes that can be prepared<br \/> at home. The educational program<br \/> included discussing healthy traditional<br \/> behaviors that involved nutrition and<br \/> exercise. <\/p> <p>Volunteers in the Pima Action group<br \/> were also encouraged to exercise three<br \/> hours a week. Individuals were ex-<br \/> pected to expend additional calories<br \/> exercising in leisure and occupational<br \/> activities they enjoyed, recording their <\/p> <p>activities in a journal. Program staff<br \/> met with study volunteers at 3, 6 and<br \/> twelve month intervals to measure<br \/> their progress. To maintain motivation<br \/> and morale, volunteers exercised or<br \/> worked in groups when possible, and<br \/> were followed by local trained staff. <\/p> <p>While Pima Action focused on weight<br \/> loss, Pima Pride was an educational<br \/> program that encouraged study volun-<br \/> teers to discover how their ancestors’<br \/> values and lifestyle are relevant to their<br \/> lives. Participants in Pima Pride<br \/> attended presentations by community<br \/> members and others to learn more<br \/> about their ancestors’ healthy diets<br \/> and lifestyles. <\/p> <p>Results from the pilot study have been<br \/> promising, says Dr. Narayan. “What<br \/> we’ve seen so far indicates that study<br \/> participants are eager to try to make<br \/> healthy lifestyle changes. Individuals<br \/> have been willing to participate in the<br \/> study and follow the goals. We’re en-<br \/> couraged that the larger study will be<br \/> successful.” <\/p> <p>After completing analysis of the data<br \/> from the pilot study, the researchers <\/p> <p>will make adjustments to the diet\/<br \/> exercise and cultural education pro-<br \/> grams. They are developing an inter-<br \/> vention that may combine other<br \/> treatments with the best aspects of the<br \/> Pima Pride and Pima Action programs.<br \/> Recruitment for the study should<br \/> begin in 1996. <\/p> <p>\u2014 Lorraine H. Marchand <\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0037_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?fit=287%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0037_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?fit=840%2C879&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0037_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?w=328&h=344&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0037_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?w=1147&ssl=1 1147w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0037_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=287%2C300&ssl=1 287w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0037_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=979%2C1024&ssl=1 979w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0037_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=768%2C803&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0037_NIDDK_MH96D2876.jpg?resize=840%2C879&ssl=1 840w\" width=\"328\" height=\"344\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"328\" data-original-height=\"344\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"pimaindianspathf00nati_0037_NIDDK_MH96D2876\" alt=\"A page from a pamphlet with a photograph of a Native American Man.\" style=\"width: 328px; height: 344px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> The Pima Indians Pathfinders for Health, Office of Minority Health Resources, NIH, 2013 Internet Archive <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p><strong>CN:<\/strong> Data is fundamental to epidemiology; how can historians engage with epidemiological datasets?<\/p>\n<p><strong>JR:<\/strong> They should recognize that datasets carry with them theories of knowledge that historical analysis can help reveal. In other words, asking questions about how and why datasets have come to exist can be as important as learning to work with the data itself. Learning how to \u201cread\u201d datasets as historical objects is a critical part of ensuring that knowledge-making practices serve the people whose bodies and experiences make them possible. When we think about epidemiological datasets as a product of particular contingent circumstances we can better assess what that data can and cannot reveal.<\/p>\n<h3>Watch on YouTube<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NLM History Lecture - When People are Data: How Medical History Matters for Our Digital Age\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/v4kTPqAGW7A?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Joanna Radin’s presentation is part of our <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/hmd\/lectures\/\"><em>NLM History Talks<\/em><\/a><em>, which promote awareness and use of the National Library of Medicine and other historical collections for research, education, and public service in biomedicine, the social sciences, and the humanities. All talks are <a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/watch=35473\">live-streamed<\/a> globally, and subsequently archived, by <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/PastEvents.asp?c=221\"><em>NIH VideoCasting<\/em><\/a><em>. Stay informed about the lecture series on Twitter at <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/NLMHistTalk?src=hash&lang=en\"><em>#NLMHistTalk<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An interview with Joanna Radin, PhD, on her <a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/watch=35473\">NLM History Talk<\/a> and her work in digital humanities and the Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":19227,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"@joannaradin will speak 6\/9\/20 at @nlm_news via global vidocast on \"When People are Data: How Medical History Matters for Our Digital Age\" #NLMHistTalk #histmed","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[51014,103],"tags":[139605,22379,9664,541876,11788,5711,678875888],"class_list":["post-19153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guests","category-news","tag-american-indians","tag-data","tag-diabetes","tag-digital-humanities","tag-interview","tag-nlmhisttalk","tag-nlm-neh-collaboration"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pimaindianspathf00nati_0005_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-4YV","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19153"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27478,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19153\/revisions\/27478"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |