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nih-gov/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2019/11/25/who-was-here-first/amp/index.html
Scott Williams f361c7df98 Incremental update
2025-03-17 02:05:34 +00:00

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/*# sourceURL=/css/ampshared.css*/</style><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:title" content="Who Was Here First"><meta property="og:url" content="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2019/11/25/who-was-here-first/"><meta property="og:description" content="The National Library of Medicine (NLM) sits on the southeast corner of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus in Bethesda, Maryland."><meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-11-25T16:00:21+00:00"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-10-26T18:47:12+00:00"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections"><meta property="og:image" content="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/bethesda-map_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&amp;ssl=1"><meta property="og:image:width" content="900"><meta property="og:image:height" content="400"><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Map of Bethesda, MD from 1879 naming the 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Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections </span>
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<h1 class="amp-wp-title">Who Was Here First</h1>
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5 years ago </time>
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<amp-img width="840" height="373" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/bethesda-map_feature.jpg?fit=840%2C373&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" alt="Map of Bethesda, MD from 1879 naming the local land owners" data-hero-candidate="" layout="intrinsic" data-hero i-amphtml-ssr i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjM3MyIgd2lkdGg9Ijg0MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><img class="i-amphtml-fill-content i-amphtml-replaced-content" decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="Map of Bethesda, MD from 1879 naming the local land owners" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/bethesda-map_feature.jpg?fit=840%2C373&amp;ssl=1"></amp-img> </figure>
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<p>The National Library of Medicine (NLM) sits on the southeast corner of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus in Bethesda, Maryland. Although it began in 1836, the NLM has only been located in Bethesda since 1961, when <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2017/07/27/new-history-of-the-nlm-a-new-name-and-a-new-home/">a new building</a> was built for the library. So, who was there first?</p>
<p>At the time of the first European explorations, what is now Bethesda was a heavily forested area with a stream. Native Americans were present in the area, traveling and hunting, though no known Native American settlements existed precisely where NLM sits today.</p>
<p>In the early 18th century, the land was made part of <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Es5LLvQ_M4sC&amp;pg=PA33&amp;lpg=PA33&amp;dq=thomas+fletchall+maryland+1715&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=d_959FtjBq&amp;sig=ACfU3U3m1SutJilclynM2iyUQpbYdOjLuQ&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj-zbfDz97gAhWBTt8KHVBgBtwQ6AEwAnoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=thomas%20fletchall%20maryland%201715&amp;f=false">two landgrants</a> to Thomas Fletchall in 1715 and by 1783 most of the land had been cleared, probably for tobacco farming.</p>
<p>The land was then owned by Robert Peter, one of the wealthiest men in Montgomery County and the first mayor of Georgetown. Robert’s son, <a href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-builders-of-tudor-place">Thomas</a>, married <a href="https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/martha-parke-custis-peter/">Martha Parke Custis</a>, the granddaughter of Martha Washington. Their Georgetown home, <a href="https://www.tudorplace.org/">Tudor Place</a>, still stands.</p>
<p>In 1873, Thomas and Martha’s granddaughter, Martha Custis Kennon, along with her husband and second cousin, Armistead Peter, inherited the Bethesda land and built a summer home called Winona on this site. Armistead was a physician and oversaw a smallpox hospital during the Civil War.</p>
<div class="tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized" data-original-width="840" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2019\/11\/25\/who-was-here-first\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="gallery-row amp-wp-ccd5f1e" data-original-width="840" data-original-height="505" data-amp-original-style="width: 840px; height: 505px;"> <div class="gallery-group images-1 amp-wp-841bff4" data-original-width="420" data-original-height="505" data-amp-original-style="width: 420px; height: 505px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="416"> <meta itemprop="height" content="501"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-2f8169a i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="16153" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-small-drpeter.png" data-orig-size="600,722" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Dr. Armistead Peter" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-small-drpeter.png?fit=249%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-small-drpeter.png?fit=600%2C722&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-small-drpeter.png?w=416&amp;h=501&amp;ssl=1" width="416" height="501" data-original-width="416" data-original-height="501" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Dr. Armistead Peter" alt="Armistead Peter 1840-1902 Portrait, Courtesy of Tudor Place Foundation, Inc., Washington D.C." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 416px; height: 501px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwMSIgd2lkdGg9IjQxNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-small-drpeter.png?w=416&amp;h=501&amp;ssl=1" width="416" height="501" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Dr. Armistead Peter" alt="Armistead Peter 1840-1902 Portrait, Courtesy of Tudor Place Foundation, Inc., Washington D.C."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Armistead Peter 1840-1902 Portrait, Courtesy of Tudor Place Foundation, Inc., Washington D.C. </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group images-1 amp-wp-841bff4" data-original-width="420" data-original-height="505" data-amp-original-style="width: 420px; height: 505px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="416"> <meta itemprop="height" content="501"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-2f8169a i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="16134" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-mrspeter.png" data-orig-size="600,722" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Martha Custis Kennon Peter" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-mrspeter.png?fit=249%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-mrspeter.png?fit=600%2C722&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-mrspeter.png?w=416&amp;h=501&amp;ssl=1" width="416" height="501" data-original-width="416" data-original-height="501" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Martha Custis Kennon Peter" alt="Portrait of Martha Custis Kennon" layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 416px; height: 501px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwMSIgd2lkdGg9IjQxNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-mrspeter.png?w=416&amp;h=501&amp;ssl=1" width="416" height="501" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Martha Custis Kennon Peter" alt="Portrait of Martha Custis Kennon"></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Martha Custis Kennon 1843-1886 Portrait, Courtesy of Tudor Place Foundation, Inc., Washington, D.C. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
<p>After Armistead Peter’s death in 1902, the land was divided among his four surviving children. One son, Beverley Kennon Peter, inherited the house and the surrounding 116 acres. Another son, George Freeland Peter, built a summer home on his part of the inherited land in 1930. That structure is now called the <a href="https://www.fic.nih.gov/About/Pages/stonehouse-history.aspx">Stone House</a> and is a part of NIH, housing the <a href="https://www.fic.nih.gov/Pages/Default.aspx">Fogarty International Center</a>.</p>
<p>From the mid-nineteenth century the families of three brothers, Joseph, Madison, and Henry Gingle (or Gingell) lived near the small brook just south of the NLM site. Madison and his wife Artemesia called their farm, Woodmont, which gave its name to nearby Woodmont Avenue. An 1879 map shows Henry Gingle living in a house near the brook, but by the twentieth century, that house had disappeared.</p>
<p>Several members of the Gingle family, including Madison and Artemesia, are buried in the small graveyard by the Bethesda Church, just north of the NIH campus.</p>
<figure id="attachment_16133" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16133" class="wp-caption aligncenter amp-wp-6a42f10" data-amp-original-style="width: 716px"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-map2.png?ssl=1"><amp-img class="wp-image-16133 size-full amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-map2.png?resize=716%2C500&amp;ssl=1" alt="Map showing the region as Bethesda P.O. with the names of residents, including Dr. A Peter and M. Gingle" width="716" height="500" layout="intrinsic" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjcxNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-map2.png?resize=716%2C500&amp;ssl=1" alt="Map showing the region as Bethesda P.O. with the names of residents, including Dr. A Peter and M. Gingle" width="716" height="500"></noscript></amp-img></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-16133" class="wp-caption-text">G.M. Hopkins. <em>Atlas of Fifteen Miles Around Washington, Including the County of Montgomery Maryland</em>. Philadelphia, 1879 <br><em>Courtesy of Montgomery County Historical Society</em></figcaption></figure>
<p>In 1921, the Town and Country Club, founded by members of Washington’s German–Jewish community, purchased the home called Winona from the children of Armistead and Martha Peter. The club had reached a membership of 250 and started looking for more spacious quarters outside of the District.</p>
<p>When first purchased, Winona was “an old, run-down country house, complete with a tuneless grand piano” in Bethesda, but extensive renovations turned the Georgian brick house into a white columned mansion. The surrounding land was transformed into a nine-hole golf course that could become an eighteen-hole course by playing from a second set of tees.</p>
<p>In 1930 the club officially became <a href="https://www.woodmontcc.com/">Woodmont Country Club</a> and hosted social events such as formal dinners, summer dances, and golf matches.</p>
<amp-carousel width="226" height="300" type="slides" layout="responsive" lightbox="" class="i-amphtml-layout-responsive i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" i-amphtml-layout="responsive"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" style="display:block;padding-top:132.7434%"></i-amphtml-sizer><figure class="slide"><amp-img width="226" height="300" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-carol1a.png?fit=226%2C300&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-medium size-medium amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-fill i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" alt="Flier showing sketches of musicians and couples dancing with information about the summer dances at Woodmont" aria-describedby="gallery-4-16129" layout="fill" object-fit="cover" i-amphtml-layout="fill"><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="226" height="300" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/rs-carol1a.png?fit=226%2C300&amp;ssl=1" alt="Flier showing sketches of musicians and couples dancing with information about the summer dances at Woodmont" aria-describedby="gallery-4-16129"></noscript></amp-img><figcaption class="amp-wp-gallery-caption" id="gallery-4-16129">
Saturday Night Summer Dance, 1947, Courtesy of Woodmont Country Club
</figcaption></figure><figure class="slide"><amp-img width="226" height="300" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/carol2.png?fit=226%2C300&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-medium size-medium amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-fill i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" alt="Flier with information about the dance and sketches of two couples with the gentlemen in suits and the women in long dresses" aria-describedby="gallery-4-16128" layout="fill" object-fit="cover" i-amphtml-layout="fill"><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="226" height="300" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/carol2.png?fit=226%2C300&amp;ssl=1" alt="Flier with information about the dance and sketches of two couples with the gentlemen in suits and the women in long dresses" aria-describedby="gallery-4-16128"></noscript></amp-img><figcaption class="amp-wp-gallery-caption" id="gallery-4-16128">
Formal Dinner-Dance, 1946, Courtesy of Woodmont Country Club
</figcaption></figure><figure class="slide"><amp-img width="176" height="300" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/carol3.png?fit=176%2C300&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-medium size-medium amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-fill i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" alt="Flier advertising the golf course with an image of the country club and golfers" aria-describedby="gallery-4-16127" layout="fill" object-fit="cover" i-amphtml-layout="fill"><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="176" height="300" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/carol3.png?fit=176%2C300&amp;ssl=1" alt="Flier advertising the golf course with an image of the country club and golfers" aria-describedby="gallery-4-16127"></noscript></amp-img><figcaption class="amp-wp-gallery-caption" id="gallery-4-16127">
Woodmont Country Club Expanded Golf Course, 1947, Courtesy of Woodmont Country Club
</figcaption></figure></amp-carousel>
<p>During the Depression and World War II the Woodmont Country Club suffered from a loss of members and income. Then, just as the Club was beginning to enjoy the post-War prosperity, the Federal Government announced its intention to purchase the property for NIH in 1948. The Club relocated five miles north on Rockville Pike, where it remains today, while the Bethesda property and house were operated as the public Glenbrook Golf Course until 1955. Ground was broken for the National Library of Medicine in 1959.</p>
<p>In 1983–4 an <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KSk3AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=SA5-PA156&amp;lpg=SA5-PA156&amp;dq=1983+archaeology+at+NIH&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=U3bAvT9Wsu&amp;sig=ACfU3U15vOC6qpMr--k6iEQjMDNFCWip4Q&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj-j5aig9zgAhVl1lkKHWLyAzgQ6AEwCXoECAAQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=archaeological%20resources&amp;f=false">archaeological excavation</a> just south of the NLM buildings was conducted as a preliminary to construction for the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/realestate/1985/05/04/bethesda-residents-battle-extension-of-woodmont-avenue/313d3c8c-5cbd-48b5-8563-83193f8bce5b/?utm_term=.47aaf782a16f">Woodmont Avenue Extension Project</a>. The excavation unearthed what is thought to be a temporary hunting camp for Native Americans traveling across the region, inferred by the site’s proximity to an ancient trail that ran along present-day Wisconsin Ave/Old Georgetown Road. The dig revealed stone tools from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)">Late Archaic through the late Woodlands periods</a> (approximately 1000 BCE–1600 CE). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=archaeology">Archaeologists</a> identified stone projectile points (for spears and arrows), hammerstones, daggers, and thousands of stone flakes and fragments.</p>
<p>The dig also revealed items dating from the mid-nineteenth century, such as ceramic fragments, glass, bones, and bricks, which may have come from a Gingle family trash pit. These materials are now held in the DeWitt Stetten, Jr., Museum of Medical Research, National Institutes of Health.</p>
<figure id="attachment_16149" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16149" class="wp-caption aligncenter amp-wp-9d63aee" data-amp-original-style="width: 580px"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/stones01.gif?ssl=1"><amp-anim class="wp-image-16149 size-full amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/stones01.gif?resize=580%2C200&amp;ssl=1" alt="Arrowheads and stones about the shape and size of a potato" width="580" height="200" layout="intrinsic" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjU4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/stones01.gif?resize=580%2C200&amp;ssl=1" alt="Arrowheads and stones about the shape and size of a potato" width="580" height="200"></noscript></amp-anim></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-16149" class="wp-caption-text">Stone fragments found in the 1980s at the archaeological site. <br><em>Courtesy of DeWitt Stetten, Jr., Museum of Medical Research, National Institutes of Health</em></figcaption></figure>
<p>These archaeological objects inspire a curiosity of the past and provide a glimpse into the rich history of the land that now holds the NLM.</p>
<p><em>In 1998 the National Library of Medicine presented an exhibition </em>We Were Here First<em>, prepared by Carol Clausen with an online version prepared by Young Rhee, both members of the NLM History of Medicine Division. The exhibition examined the history of the land that the NLM currently sits on, within the National Institutes of Health campus in Bethesda. The <a href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/org-350/20170216162139/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/wewereherefirst/index.html">archive of the online version</a> is available in the NLM Institutional Archives.<br>
</em></p>
<p><em>Cecelia Vetter, a National Library of Medicine 2018–2019 <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/about/training/associate/">Associate Fellow</a>, adapted this post from the online version of </em>We Were Here First<em>. Ms. Vetter received her B.A. from Washington University in St. Louis and her M.L.I.S. from the University of Maryland, College Park.</em></p>
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