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/*# sourceURL=/css/ampshared.css*/</style><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:title" content="The Wonders of Creation"><meta property="og:url" content="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2016/01/21/the-wonders-of-creation/"><meta property="og:description" content="By Homira Pashai ~ The National Library of Medicine holds an important collection of over 200 manuscripts dating back to the eleventh century in Arabic, Persian, and Ottoman Turkish relating to hea…"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2016-01-21T16:00:10+00:00"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-04-11T17:53:50+00:00"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections"><meta property="og:image" content="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini-stitched_feature.png?fit=932%2C361&amp;ssl=1"><meta property="og:image:width" content="932"><meta property="og:image:height" content="361"><meta 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Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections </span>
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<h1 class="amp-wp-title">The Wonders of Creation</h1>
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<p><em>By Homira Pashai ~<br>
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<p>The National Library of Medicine holds an important <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/arabic/">collection</a> of over 200 manuscripts dating back to the eleventh century in Arabic, Persian, and Ottoman Turkish relating to health and medicine. Many of them contain colorful illustrations and calligraphy. Among the collection of over 30 Persian manuscripts, there are a few illustrated copies of <em><a href="https://ceb.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/flash/qazwini/qazwini.html">Kitab-i ‘Aja’ib al-Makhluqat wa Ghara’ib al-Mawjudat</a></em> (In English, <em>Marvels of Creatures and Miracles of Things Existing</em> or sometimes<em>, The Wonders of Creation</em>), written by <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/arabic/bioQ.html#qazwini">Abu Yahya Zakariya ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud al-Qazwini</a> (ca. 1202–1283 C.E.), whose richness and beauty captivate viewers at first glance.</p>
<figure id="attachment_8396" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8396" class="wp-caption aligncenter amp-wp-38b5a4b" data-amp-original-style="width: 650px"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini-stitched.png?ssl=1" rel="attachment wp-att-8396"><amp-img class="wp-image-8396 size-large amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" title="Full Map of the World " src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini-stitched.png?resize=650%2C515&amp;ssl=1" alt="An open book showing a hand drawn circular map of water and landmasses." width="650" height="515" layout="intrinsic" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUxNSIgd2lkdGg9IjY1MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" title="Full Map of the World " src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini-stitched.png?resize=650%2C515&amp;ssl=1" alt="An open book showing a hand drawn circular map of water and landmasses." width="650" height="515"></noscript></amp-img></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8396" class="wp-caption-text">Full Map of the World in Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad al-Qazwīnī: <em><a href="https://ceb.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/qazwini_home.html">‘Ajā’ib al-makhlūqāt wa-gharā’ib al-mawjūdāt</a> </em>(<em>Marvels of Things Created and Miraculous Aspects of Things Existing</em>), circa 1250</figcaption></figure>
<p>The Library owns four manuscript copies of al-Qazwini’s <em>‘</em><em>Aja’ib</em> in Persian translation, and one copy each in the original Arabic and Ottoman Turkish, dating from the 16th to the 18th centuries. One of the most <a href="https://ceb.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/qazwini_home.html">interesting and colorful copies</a> is in Persian, dating from the late 1500s and consisting of 335 leaves with more than 150 illustrations, in opaque watercolors and ink, of constellations, mythical figures, and various plants, animals, places and a world map. The paintings have a uniform style in the Indian tradition that offers visual pleasure to trained and untrained eyes. The Persian script is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%CA%BFl%C4%ABq_script">ta’liq</a> with elements of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naskh_(script)">naskh</a> written with black and red ink. The texts and illustrations are the product of careful and detailed planning and coordination between the scribes and the artists. The two other manuscripts of <em>‘Aja’ib</em> also are written in Persian naskh and nasta’liq script. The illustrations of one of them attest to the maturation of the Mughal style of painting and refinement in draftsmanship, while the other one can be classified as a manuscript that was produced for a mass market. Although the illustrations of all the manuscripts follow the same genre, one of the copies is unique since the artist took the liberty to add illustrations of the literal and historical anecdotes.</p>
<p><em>The Wonders of Creation</em>, was first compiled in Arabic in the middle 1200s in <a href="http://www.britannica.com/place/Wasit">Wasit</a>, now in Iraq, and is an important encyclopedic text of medieval Islam. It is divided into two sections focusing respectively on celestial phenomena including the planets, stars, angels, and the terrestrial world, including geography, ethnography, anatomy, zoology, mineralogy, botany, prosody, and musicology. The division of the sections is based on a hierarchical arrangement of the phenomena of nature in which ‘uluwiyyat, the celestial, comes first and sufliyyat , the terrestrial, follows after. Qazwini’s <em>‘Aja’ib</em> is a constant dialogue between contemplation and exploration; as Qazwini noted by contemplating the creation through the instrument of ‘ulum (science) and purification of soul one can see the reality of the universe. Therefore, Qazwini’s encyclopedia of natural history was a mirror to represent the divine unity through the multiplicity of the creation.</p>
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" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini5.jpg?fit=208%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini5.jpg?fit=709%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini5.jpg?w=295&amp;h=426&amp;ssl=1" width="295" height="426" data-original-width="295" data-original-height="426" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Geocentric model of the universe" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and a hand drawn illustration of 4 concentric circles in red set into the text in a red bordered box." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 295px; height: 426px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQyNiIgd2lkdGg9IjI5NSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini5.jpg?w=295&amp;h=426&amp;ssl=1" width="295" height="426" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Geocentric model of the universe" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and a hand drawn illustration of 4 concentric circles in red set into the text in a red bordered box."></noscript></amp-img> </div> </div> </div> </div>
<p>Another element that makes the study of Qazwini’s ‘Aja’ib interesting is the time frame in which it was written. The Mongol invasion and destruction of Baghdad in 1258, was a chaotic era when many famous libraries were burned and scholars were slaughtered. Thus, the compilation of the information in a single manuscript was a singular attempt by one scholar who found himself responsible for collecting the heritage of the vast knowledge and culture of the time, before it was garbled and lost by the conquerors. Qazwini also tried to help the public who were disillusioned and questioned the existence of God at that chaotic time, to comprehend the perfect aspects of creation, which was pure and paradisal, by contemplating the created things.</p>
<figure id="attachment_8400" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8400" class="wp-caption alignright amp-wp-8ae5941" data-amp-original-style="width: 185px"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini31.jpg?ssl=1" rel="attachment wp-att-8400"><amp-img class="wp-image-8400 size-medium amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" title="Peacock and bird native to the Middle East" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini31.jpg?resize=185%2C300&amp;ssl=1" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and hand drawn and colored illustrations set into the text in red bordered boxes." width="185" height="300" layout="intrinsic" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjMwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjE4NSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" title="Peacock and bird native to the Middle East" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini31.jpg?resize=185%2C300&amp;ssl=1" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and hand drawn and colored illustrations set into the text in red bordered boxes." width="185" height="300"></noscript></amp-img></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8400" class="wp-caption-text">Peacock and bird native to the Middle East</figcaption></figure>
<p>Qazwini consulted Ptolemy, <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/greek_aristotle.html">Aristotle</a>, <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/greek_dioscorides.html">Dioscorides</a>, <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/arabic/b_d.html#balinas">Balinus</a>, Pliny the Elder, <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/arabic/bioA.html#avicenna">Avicenna</a>, al-Khwarizmi, al-Istakhri and many other sources in explaining scientific phenomena, and for the literal parts of the manuscript he used anecdotes from Nizami’s poetry, Ferdowsi’s mythology, and Alexander the Great’s history. Compiling all the information in one place and quoting a great number of authorities, attests to the point that the author tried to collect and save the cultural heritage and knowledge of his time during this era in which the Mongols sought to destroy it.</p>
<p><em>The Wonders of Creation</em> was not only compiled to help readers obtain information about various branches of science but also it entertained the imagination of the readers and storytellers. It is still a great source to examine anthropological and sociological aspects of life in thirteenth-century Arabia and Persia including information on the subjects of traditional cosmology, cultural and religious beliefs, origin of imaginary creatures, generalization of proverbs, and popularization of linguistic terms. Qazwini’s narrations, scientific and fantastic, influenced Persians, Arabians, and Mongols respectively since it was written at the cross-cultural time.</p>
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height: 342px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="210"> <meta itemprop="height" content="338"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-ffeacd8 i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="8405" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini14.jpg" data-orig-size="1200,1930" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Creatures from the island of Zaneh" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;https://ceb.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/qazwini_home.html&lt;/p&gt; " data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini14.jpg?fit=187%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini14.jpg?fit=637%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini14.jpg?w=210&amp;h=338&amp;ssl=1" width="210" height="338" data-original-width="210" data-original-height="338" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Creatures from the island of Zaneh" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and hand drawn and colored illustrations set into the text in red bordered boxes." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 210px; height: 338px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjMzOCIgd2lkdGg9IjIxMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini14.jpg?w=210&amp;h=338&amp;ssl=1" width="210" height="338" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Creatures from the island of Zaneh" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and hand drawn and colored illustrations set into the text in red bordered boxes."></noscript></amp-img> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group images-1 amp-wp-a6ce922" data-original-width="218" data-original-height="342" data-amp-original-style="width: 218px; height: 342px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="214"> <meta itemprop="height" content="338"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-90d6b4c i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="8404" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini10.jpg" data-orig-size="1200,1891" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Pisces, Cetus, and Orion" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;https://ceb.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/qazwini_home.html&lt;/p&gt; " data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini10.jpg?fit=190%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini10.jpg?fit=650%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini10.jpg?w=214&amp;h=338&amp;ssl=1" width="214" height="338" data-original-width="214" data-original-height="338" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Pisces, Cetus, and Orion" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and hand drawn and colored illustrations set into the text in red bordered boxes." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 214px; height: 338px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjMzOCIgd2lkdGg9IjIxNCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini10.jpg?w=214&amp;h=338&amp;ssl=1" width="214" height="338" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Pisces, Cetus, and Orion" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and hand drawn and colored illustrations set into the text in red bordered boxes."></noscript></amp-img> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group images-1 amp-wp-3ee4c27" data-original-width="186" data-original-height="342" data-amp-original-style="width: 186px; height: 342px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="182"> <meta itemprop="height" content="338"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-c3b0783 i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="8403" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini25.jpg" data-orig-size="1200,2235" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Jinns, Divs, and Devils" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;https://ceb.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/qazwini_home.html&lt;/p&gt; " data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini25.jpg?fit=161%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini25.jpg?fit=550%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini25.jpg?w=182&amp;h=338&amp;ssl=1" width="182" height="338" data-original-width="182" data-original-height="338" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Jinns, Divs, and Devils" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and hand drawn and colored illustrations set into the text in red bordered boxes." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 182px; 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<p>Qazwini as a historian is a great storyteller who helps the reader to bond with the past by introducing astrology, astral medicine, geographical lore, khawass, (characteristic) genre, botanical remedies, ‘Aja’ib (wonders) genre, bestiary studies, historical studies, musicology, prosody, Sufism, literature, and Solomonic lure. Therefore, Qazwini offers a window to the day-to-day life during the Middle Ages.</p>
<div class="tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized" data-original-width="840" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2016\/01\/21\/the-wonders-of-creation\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="gallery-row amp-wp-ac533f1" data-original-width="840" data-original-height="457" data-amp-original-style="width: 840px; height: 457px;"> <div class="gallery-group images-1 amp-wp-e3562e6" data-original-width="279" data-original-height="457" data-amp-original-style="width: 279px; height: 457px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="275"> <meta itemprop="height" content="453"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-fbb0f54 i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="8398" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini27.jpg" data-orig-size="1200,1972" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="African Elephant and the Small Mammal" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;https://ceb.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/qazwini_home.html&lt;/p&gt; " data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini27.jpg?fit=183%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini27.jpg?fit=623%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini27.jpg?w=275&amp;h=453&amp;ssl=1" width="275" height="453" data-original-width="275" data-original-height="453" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="African Elephant and the Small Mammal" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and hand drawn and colored illustrations set into the text in red bordered boxes." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 275px; height: 453px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ1MyIgd2lkdGg9IjI3NSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini27.jpg?w=275&amp;h=453&amp;ssl=1" width="275" height="453" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="African Elephant and the Small Mammal" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and hand drawn and colored illustrations set into the text in red bordered boxes."></noscript></amp-img> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group images-1 amp-wp-6e9fa49" data-original-width="277" data-original-height="457" data-amp-original-style="width: 277px; 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height: 453px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ1MyIgd2lkdGg9IjI3MyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini22.jpg?w=273&amp;h=453&amp;ssl=1" width="273" height="453" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Coconut and Palm trees" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and hand drawn and colored illustrations set into the text in red bordered boxes."></noscript></amp-img> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group images-1 amp-wp-c24363d" data-original-width="284" data-original-height="457" data-amp-original-style="width: 284px; height: 457px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="280"> <meta itemprop="height" content="453"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-dd0d8e1 i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="8401" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini17.jpg" data-orig-size="1200,1941" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Sea Serpent" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;https://ceb.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/qazwini_home.html&lt;/p&gt; " data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini17.jpg?fit=185%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini17.jpg?fit=633%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini17.jpg?w=280&amp;h=453&amp;ssl=1" width="280" height="453" data-original-width="280" data-original-height="453" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Sea Serpent" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and hand drawn and colored illustrations set into the text in red bordered boxes." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 280px; height: 453px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ1MyIgd2lkdGg9IjI4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qazwini17.jpg?w=280&amp;h=453&amp;ssl=1" width="280" height="453" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Sea Serpent" alt="A page of handwritten text in Arabic with a red border and hand drawn and colored illustrations set into the text in red bordered boxes."></noscript></amp-img> </div> </div> </div> </div>
<p>The mythology and folk anecdotes of the <em>‘Aja’ib</em> are still quoted and paraphrased in modern books. Especially in the past few decades with emphasis on presentation of sea monsters, dragons, water horses, giants, dwarves, elves, and other magical beings in popular culture, the importance of the <em>‘Aja’ib</em> becomes more visible as one of the great sources for fiction producers. Qazwini’s boundless curiosity about science, history, geography, fantastic lands and creatures shaped the collective memory and imagination of generations of children and adults around the world.</p>
<p>You can <a href="https://ceb.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/flash/qazwini/qazwini.html">experience this manuscript</a> on NLM’s Turning the Pages website or <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/turning-the-pages-ttp/id423830194?mt=8">iPad App</a>.</p>
<p><em>Homira Pashai is a volunteer in volunteer in </em><em>the <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/about/volunteer.html">NLM History of Medicine Division’s Volunteer Program</a>. </em>She holds a Masters Degree in Historical Research-Public History. Her acquaintance with manuscripts is an ongoing project beginning from childhood examining grandfather’s papers and continues to now. She interned at NLM in 2009 and updated descriptions of Persian and Islamic manuscripts in the Library’s catalog and at the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery.</p>
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