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<article id="post-7612" class="post-7612 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-collections category-guests tag-advertising tag-data tag-digital-humanities tag-research tag-tuberculosis">
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<img width="900" height="359" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/cause-of-death-chart-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop_feature.png?resize=900%2C359&ssl=1" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="A pie chart showing rates of mortality for different causes for 1907; Tuberculosis ranks first at 21%." decoding="async" data-attachment-id="7606" data-permalink="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/cause-of-death-chart-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop_feature/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/cause-of-death-chart-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop_feature.png?fit=932%2C359&ssl=1" data-orig-size="932,359" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="Cause-of-Death-Chart-from-Tuberculosis-in-the-United-States-1908-Book-Crop_feature" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/cause-of-death-chart-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop_feature.png?fit=300%2C116&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/cause-of-death-chart-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop_feature.png?fit=840%2C324&ssl=1" />
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<header class="entry-header">
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<h1 class="entry-title">Gathering and Interpreting Data about Tuberculosis in the U.S.</h1>
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<div class="entry-meta"><span class="meta-date"><svg class="icon icon-standard" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use xlink:href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/themes/tortuga/assets/icons/genericons-neue.svg#standard"></use> </svg><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2015/10/07/gathering-and-interpreting-data-about-tuberculosis-in-the-u-s/" title="11:00 AM" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2015-10-07T11:00:03-04:00">October 7, 2015</time></a></span><span class="meta-author"> <svg class="icon icon-user" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use xlink:href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/themes/tortuga/assets/icons/genericons-neue.svg#user"></use> </svg><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/author/bethmullen/" title="View all posts by Circulating Now" rel="author">Circulating Now</a></span></span><span class="meta-category"> <svg class="icon icon-category" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use xlink:href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/themes/tortuga/assets/icons/genericons-neue.svg#category"></use> </svg><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/collections/" rel="category tag">Collections</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/guests/" rel="category tag">Guests</a></span><span class="meta-comments"> <svg class="icon icon-edit" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use xlink:href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/themes/tortuga/assets/icons/genericons-neue.svg#edit"></use> </svg><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2015/10/07/gathering-and-interpreting-data-about-tuberculosis-in-the-u-s/#comments">One comment</a></span></div>
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<div class="entry-content clearfix">
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<p><em>In nineteenth century America, tuberculosis accounted for nearly one out of every ten deaths. Known most commonly as “consumption,” this disease was dreaded across society because it affected all age groups, cut across social and class lines, was incurable, and often resulted in long debilitating illnesses. To explore the social effects of tuberculosis, a group of Virginia Tech undergraduates spent the spring 2015 semester exploring “That Dread Disease,” using newspaper obituaries to document the lives lost to this disease. In this second of three posts, </em>Circulating Now<em> welcomes guest bloggers Veronica Kimmerly and E. Thomas Ewing, who look at techniques for measuring the impact of this disease.</em></p>
|
||
<p>Does knowing how many people die from a particular disease contribute to efforts to control the number of deaths from this cause? More than a century ago, statisticians employed their tools and techniques for gathering mortality data to support the widespread public health campaign against tuberculosis, the most common cause of death in the United States. In his “letter of transmittal” for a 1908 U.S. Census Bureau report on <a href="https://archive.org/details/tuberculosisinun00unit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tuberculosis in the United States</a>, Oscar S. Straus, Secretary of Commerce and Labor, declared emphatically that collecting statistics was vital to public health: “No more important service can be rendered by mortality statistics than the compilation of data which will prove of practical assistance to those actively engaged in the prevention of disease.”</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_7605" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7605" style="width: 1600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/punchcard-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop.png?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="7605" data-permalink="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2015/10/07/gathering-and-interpreting-data-about-tuberculosis-in-the-u-s/punchcard-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/punchcard-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop.png?fit=1600%2C861&ssl=1" data-orig-size="1600,861" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="Punchcard-from-Tuberculosis-in-the-United-States-1908-Book-Crop" data-image-description="<p>Card is labeled Facsimile of a mortality punch card.<br />
|
||
It includes categories: Col, Sex, Month, Age, Con Cond, Bp-P, Bp-F, Bp Mother, Cause of Death, Occupation.</p>
|
||
" data-image-caption="<p>Punch Card from Tuberculosis in the United States, prepared for the International Congress on Tuberculosis, Washington, September 21 to October 12, 1908.</p>
|
||
" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/punchcard-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop.png?fit=300%2C161&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/punchcard-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop.png?fit=840%2C452&ssl=1" class="wp-image-7605 size-full" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/punchcard-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop.png?resize=840%2C452&ssl=1" alt="a paper card with rows and columns of numbers some of which have been punched out." width="840" height="452" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-7605" class="wp-caption-text">Punch Card from <em>Tuberculosis in the United States</em>, prepared for the International Congress on Tuberculosis, Washington, September 21 to October 12, 1908.<br /><a href="https://archive.org/details/tuberculosisinun00unit"><em>Courtesy Columbia University Libraries in Internet Archive</em></a></figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>This moment in history was significant not only for launching the global campaign against tuberculosis, but also as a time when data collection was undergoing a dramatic transformation. Punch cards, which had been first used during the 1890 census, were increasingly used by health officials to document causes of death. As explained in the 1908 publication, the compilation of tuberculosis statistics required a sequence of contributions, starting with the attending physician or coroner who identified the cause of death, the undertaker who completed a death certificate, the local registrar who recorded each death in a register and compiled regular reports, the state registrar who indexed these returns and published them in monthly or annual reports, and finally the US Census office, which received all transcripts from the states and classified the deaths according to standard categories. At this point, the statistical information was “transferred to a card by means of a punch,” leading to the only automated step in the whole process: “The punched cards are then compiled by means of electric tabulating machines, which record on many dials the various items necessary for the statistical table.” After this compilation was completed by the machines, the resulting tables were arranged, edited, and published as the annual report on mortality statistics, “which is distributed to state and city sanitary authorities, physicians, foreign governments, etc., and is for the use of all persons interested in the condition of the public health of the United States.” As conceded by the document’s authors, “accurate mortality statistics and cooperation of many individuals,” was needed, including the participation of physicians, coroners, undertakers, registrars, and statisticians in the census office. Improving the collection, recording, and analysis of mortality figures was determined to be an essential tool, as shown in this sweeping statement: “The vital statistics of the future must be statistics of greater precision, for they are to be the working tools of an aggressive scientific public health administration.” Modernizing the process to include automation to reduce errors was therefore of great benefit because the punch cards, as “electrical tabulating machines” had reduced the “tabulation of punch cards” to “a mechanical basis and thus largely eliminated the ‘personal equation’.”</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_7602" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7602" style="width: 841px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/cause-of-death-chart-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop.png?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="7602" data-permalink="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2015/10/07/gathering-and-interpreting-data-about-tuberculosis-in-the-u-s/cause-of-death-chart-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/cause-of-death-chart-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop.png?fit=841%2C1200&ssl=1" data-orig-size="841,1200" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="Cause-of-Death-Chart-from-Tuberculosis-in-the-United-States-1908-Book-Crop" data-image-description="<p>Proportion of Deaths from Each Specified Cause in the Registration Area 1907.<br />
|
||
A pie chart showing the following information:<br />
|
||
All other causes 21.0<br />
|
||
Tuberculosis (all forms) 11.2<br />
|
||
Pneumonia (all forms) 9.8<br />
|
||
Heart Disease 8.6<br />
|
||
Violence 7.6<br />
|
||
Diarrhea and Enteritis 7.1 Nephritis and Bright’s Disease 6.4<br />
|
||
Apoplexy 4.6<br />
|
||
Cancer 4.4<br />
|
||
Congenital Debility 2.2<br />
|
||
Premature Birth 2.2<br />
|
||
Ill-Defined Causes 2.1<br />
|
||
Old Age 2.0<br />
|
||
Bronchitis 1.9<br />
|
||
Typhoid Fever 1.8<br />
|
||
Meningitis 1.6<br />
|
||
Diphtheria and Croup 1.5<br />
|
||
Paralysis 1.2<br />
|
||
Cirrhosis of Liver 1.0<br />
|
||
Convulsions 1.0<br />
|
||
Whooping Cough 0.7<br />
|
||
Andrew B. Graham Co. Photo-lithographers, Washington D. C.</p>
|
||
" data-image-caption="<p>Death Table from Tuberculosis in the United States, prepared for the International Congress on Tuberculosis, Washington, September 21 to October 12, 1908.</p>
|
||
" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/cause-of-death-chart-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop.png?fit=210%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/cause-of-death-chart-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop.png?fit=718%2C1024&ssl=1" class="wp-image-7602 size-full" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/cause-of-death-chart-from-tuberculosis-in-the-united-states-1908-book-crop.png?resize=840%2C1199&ssl=1" alt="A pie chart showing rates of mortality for different causes for 1907; Tuberculosis ranks first at 21%." width="840" height="1199" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-7602" class="wp-caption-text">Death Table from <em>Tuberculosis in the United States</em>, prepared for the International Congress on Tuberculosis, Washington, September 21 to October 12, 1908. <br /><a href="https://archive.org/details/tuberculosisinun00unit"><em>Courtesy Columbia University Libraries in Internet Archive</em></a></figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>Counting the number of tuberculosis victims was considered an especially urgent public health measure, because it was the single leading cause of death for the American population. In an 1893 publication, <a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101490429"><em>Practical Measures for the Prevention of Tuberculosis</em></a>, Lawrence F. Flick issued this imperative statement to the medical profession: “…we cannot, without failing in our duty, remain inactive while this disease carries off hundreds of thousands of human beings to a premature grave and inflicts indescribable suffering and loss upon hundreds of thousands of others.” The importance attached to documenting tuberculosis cases led Flick to declare that “registration” of tuberculosis victims was the first step in preventing further spread of disease. Responding to the perception that preparing reports was too time consuming, Flick declared confidently that “…with properly prepared blanks, the making out of reports can be termed neither a labor nor a burden, and could easily be attended by the busiest practitioner.”</p>
|
||
<p>Just over one hundred years later, a group of Virginia Tech undergraduate researchers has been trying to answer a similar question about the loss of life due to tuberculosis. Rather than relying on census reports derived from death certificates, the students searched historical newspapers for cases of individuals who died of consumption. For each individual, the students entered available information about key categories such as age, gender, and race of the deceased and also the length of their illness. If the obituary provided additional information about individuals’ family history, particularly in case where family members also died of consumption, this information was entered into the form as well. This <a href="http://ethomasewing.org/tbhistory" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">research project</a>, which studied approximately fifteen newspapers from Virginia, located just over one thousand individuals who died of consumption in the decades from the 1866 to 1922.</p>
|
||
<p>The data available from the Virginia newspapers can be usefully compared to similar results from the published documents of the <a href="http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v11-01.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">U.S. Census</a> in the table below giving the age of victims relative to death rates. The results of the students’ research demonstrates that obituaries reported deaths in patterns similar to census and other statistical reports, but with greater detail and particularly more attention to context, relations, and connections. Comparing age at death is one way to compare data from obituaries with census reports. More than one-half of obituaries (n=576) allowed researchers to identify a specific age of death. The accumulated data confirms that consumption caused the most deaths in the age group, 20-40 years, with 52.2% of deaths in newspapers and 44.5% of census deaths reported from this age group. This table also shows some discrepancies: the census reported that 6.5% of consumption deaths were under the age of 10, whereas the newspapers reported less than 1% from this age group. This gap can be explained by the fact that obituaries tended not to report infant deaths, especially from families of low status. Newspapers reported a higher proportion of deaths in the age group 40-60 years, suggesting that status in the community meant that victims were over-reported in newspapers.</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<caption><strong>Age at Death</strong></caption>
|
||
<colgroup span="2"></colgroup>
|
||
<colgroup span="2"></colgroup>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td rowspan="2"></td>
|
||
<th colspan="2" scope="colgroup">Newspaper Reports, 1880-1920</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" scope="colgroup">Census Report on Virginia deaths, 1880</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="col">Number</th>
|
||
<th scope="col">Percent</th>
|
||
<th scope="col">Number</th>
|
||
<th scope="col">Percent</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="row">1 – 10 years</th>
|
||
<td>5</td>
|
||
<td>0.9</td>
|
||
<td>39</td>
|
||
<td>6.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="row">11 – 20 years</th>
|
||
<td>67</td>
|
||
<td>11.6</td>
|
||
<td>59</td>
|
||
<td>9.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="row">21 – 30 years</th>
|
||
<td>181</td>
|
||
<td>31.4</td>
|
||
<td>160</td>
|
||
<td>26.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="row">31 – 40 years</th>
|
||
<td>120</td>
|
||
<td>20.8</td>
|
||
<td>109</td>
|
||
<td>18.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="row">41 – 50 years</th>
|
||
<td>81</td>
|
||
<td>14.1</td>
|
||
<td>82</td>
|
||
<td>13.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="row">51 – 60 years</th>
|
||
<td>73</td>
|
||
<td>12.7</td>
|
||
<td>63</td>
|
||
<td>10.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="row">61 – 70 years</th>
|
||
<td>30</td>
|
||
<td>5.2</td>
|
||
<td>55</td>
|
||
<td>9.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="row">71 + years</th>
|
||
<td>19</td>
|
||
<td>3.3</td>
|
||
<td>37</td>
|
||
<td>6.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
<p>Health officials continue to seek answers to the question: How many people die each from a particular disease? <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mmds/about_mmds.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mortality statistics</a> in the United States are compiled from death certificates, through a process by which the single underlying cause of death listed on each certificate is encoded with a numeric entity reference number, thus generating a number of deaths from each cause. Every year, an estimated 610,000 people in the United States die from <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">heart disease</a>, making this health condition the leading cause of death annually. The second most common cause, <a href="http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@editorial/documents/document/acspc-044552.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">cancer</a>, resulted in nearly 590,000 deaths in the United States in 2015. Government agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the National Institutes of Health and private organizations such as the American Lung Association or the American Cancer Society use mortality statistics to measure the effectiveness of public health campaigns, medical procedures, and pharmaceutical interventions. More than one hundred years after the U.S. Census began using punch cards to tally the causes of death, health experts continue to rely on this data to make decisions about how to invest in public health improvements.</p>
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<p><em>In these posts Virginia Tech students, working under the direction of Professor Tom Ewing, explore themes related to tuberculosis, including reporting on medical discoveries, the cultural implications of advertising cures, and techniques for measuring the impact of this disease. </em><em>By studying these patterns in the past, historians of medicine can contribute to contemporary and future responses to infectious diseases. This research made extensive use of the digitized collections of the National Library of Medicine as well as Medical Heritage Library in the form of national and Virginia medical journals, photographs and other images, and published books. More information about the project, including an online presentation documenting Virginia lives lost to tuberculosis, is available from the project site: <a href="http://ethomasewing.org/tbhistory/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://ethomasewing.org/tbhistory/</a></em></p>
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<p><em>Veronica Kimmerly is a Chemical Engineering & Mathematics major at Virginia Tech.</em></p>
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<p><em>E. Thomas Ewing is Professor of History and Associate Dean in the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.</em></p>
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<li class="cat-item cat-item-43646346"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/exhibitions/graphic-medicine/">Graphic Medicine</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-39242778"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/exhibitions/harry-potters-world/">Harry Potters World</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-678875970"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/exhibitions/making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america/">Making the Greatest Medical Library in America</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-51014"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/guests/">Guests</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-103"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/news/">News</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-2347"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/series/">Series</a>
|
||
<ul class='children'>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-608566155"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/series/a-new-history-of-nlm/">A New History of NLM</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-204221395"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/series/andreas-vesalius-at-500/">Andreas Vesalius at 500</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-354547839"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/series/curious-herbals/">Curious Herbals</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-321229776"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/series/deciphering-the-genetic-code/">Deciphering the Genetic Code</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-8370612"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/series/garfield-assassination/">Garfield Assassination</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-610680187"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/series/making-exhibition-connections/">Making Exhibition Connections</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-678875949"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/series/nlm-collections-tour/">NLM Collection Tour</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-76943049"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/series/revealing-data/">Revealing Data</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="cat-item cat-item-1269102"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/series/the-great-war/">The Great War</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</aside></div><div class="widget-wrap"><aside id="tag_cloud-3" class="widget widget_tag_cloud clearfix"><div class="widget-header"><h3 class="widget-title">Explore</h3></div><div class="tagcloud"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/1500s/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-903712 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 12.106666666667pt;" aria-label="1500s (35 items)">1500s</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/1600s/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-275516 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 12.666666666667pt;" aria-label="1600s (38 items)">1600s</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/1700s/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-411245 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 11.36pt;" aria-label="1700s (32 items)">1700s</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/1800s/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-273905 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 20.88pt;" aria-label="1800s (107 items)">1800s</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/1900s/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-273907 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 20.32pt;" aria-label="1900s (99 items)">1900s</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/1950s/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-24741 tag-link-position-6" style="font-size: 9.68pt;" aria-label="1950s (26 items)">1950s</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/1960s/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-24742 tag-link-position-7" style="font-size: 12.106666666667pt;" aria-label="1960s (35 items)">1960s</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/african-american-history/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-168941 tag-link-position-8" style="font-size: 15.093333333333pt;" aria-label="African American History (52 items)">African American History</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/america/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8055 tag-link-position-9" style="font-size: 9.12pt;" aria-label="America (24 items)">America</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/anatomy/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-26371 tag-link-position-10" style="font-size: 10.613333333333pt;" aria-label="anatomy (29 items)">anatomy</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/animals/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-490 tag-link-position-11" style="font-size: 10.613333333333pt;" aria-label="animals (29 items)">animals</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/anniversaries/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-678875953 tag-link-position-12" style="font-size: 11.173333333333pt;" aria-label="anniversaries (31 items)">anniversaries</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/archives/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-12080 tag-link-position-13" style="font-size: 14.533333333333pt;" aria-label="archives (48 items)">archives</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/art/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-177 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 18.64pt;" aria-label="art (80 items)">art</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/book-illustration/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1480675 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 16.4pt;" aria-label="book illustration (61 items)">book illustration</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/children/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1343 tag-link-position-16" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="children (21 items)">children</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/covid-19/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-678875829 tag-link-position-17" style="font-size: 10.613333333333pt;" aria-label="COVID-19 (29 items)">COVID-19</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/data/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-22379 tag-link-position-18" style="font-size: 16.586666666667pt;" aria-label="data (62 items)">data</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/digital-humanities/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-541876 tag-link-position-19" style="font-size: 12.106666666667pt;" aria-label="digital humanities (35 items)">digital humanities</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/digitization/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-106484 tag-link-position-20" style="font-size: 13.04pt;" aria-label="digitization (40 items)">digitization</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/drugs/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-6200 tag-link-position-21" style="font-size: 9.12pt;" aria-label="drugs (24 items)">drugs</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/education/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1342 tag-link-position-22" style="font-size: 13.04pt;" aria-label="education (40 items)">education</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/epidemic/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-136219 tag-link-position-23" style="font-size: 15.84pt;" aria-label="epidemic (56 items)">epidemic</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/film/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-524 tag-link-position-24" style="font-size: 17.52pt;" aria-label="film (70 items)">film</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/food/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-586 tag-link-position-25" style="font-size: 11.546666666667pt;" aria-label="food (33 items)">food</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/france/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-4704 tag-link-position-26" style="font-size: 10.613333333333pt;" aria-label="France (29 items)">France</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/germany/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-3550 tag-link-position-27" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Germany (21 items)">Germany</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/hidden-treasure/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1487506 tag-link-position-28" style="font-size: 13.226666666667pt;" aria-label="Hidden Treasure (41 items)">Hidden Treasure</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/hospitals/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-38746 tag-link-position-29" style="font-size: 13.04pt;" aria-label="hospitals (40 items)">hospitals</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/interview/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-11788 tag-link-position-30" style="font-size: 22pt;" aria-label="interview (121 items)">interview</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/legislation/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5563 tag-link-position-31" style="font-size: 12.853333333333pt;" aria-label="legislation (39 items)">legislation</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/letter/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-50991 tag-link-position-32" style="font-size: 9.68pt;" aria-label="letter (26 items)">letter</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/librarians/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-15380 tag-link-position-33" style="font-size: 9.68pt;" aria-label="librarians (26 items)">librarians</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/libraries/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-12499 tag-link-position-34" style="font-size: 10.613333333333pt;" aria-label="libraries (29 items)">libraries</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/manuscript/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-517998 tag-link-position-35" style="font-size: 16.4pt;" aria-label="manuscript (60 items)">manuscript</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/medicine-on-screen/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-671616459 tag-link-position-36" style="font-size: 12.106666666667pt;" aria-label="Medicine on Screen (35 items)">Medicine on Screen</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/mental-health/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5004 tag-link-position-37" style="font-size: 10.8pt;" aria-label="mental health (30 items)">mental health</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/michael-e-debakey/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1753209 tag-link-position-38" style="font-size: 8.7466666666667pt;" aria-label="Michael E. DeBakey (23 items)">Michael E. DeBakey</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/military/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-488 tag-link-position-39" style="font-size: 18.266666666667pt;" aria-label="military (76 items)">military</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nih/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-631875 tag-link-position-40" style="font-size: 8.3733333333333pt;" aria-label="NIH (22 items)">NIH</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/fellowship/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-58980 tag-link-position-41" style="font-size: 12.853333333333pt;" aria-label="NLM DeBakey Fellowship (39 items)">NLM DeBakey Fellowship</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nlmhisttalk/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5711 tag-link-position-42" style="font-size: 19.013333333333pt;" aria-label="NLM History Talks (85 items)">NLM History Talks</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/nursing/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-7193 tag-link-position-43" style="font-size: 11.36pt;" aria-label="nursing (32 items)">nursing</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/photograph/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-12074 tag-link-position-44" style="font-size: 12.293333333333pt;" aria-label="photograph (36 items)">photograph</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/physician/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-541893 tag-link-position-45" style="font-size: 10.613333333333pt;" aria-label="physician (29 items)">physician</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/plants/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-15734 tag-link-position-46" style="font-size: 9.12pt;" aria-label="plants (24 items)">plants</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/posters/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-7195 tag-link-position-47" style="font-size: 12.106666666667pt;" aria-label="posters (35 items)">posters</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/profiles-in-science/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5535849 tag-link-position-48" style="font-size: 9.68pt;" aria-label="Profiles in Science (26 items)">Profiles in Science</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/public-health/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-28006 tag-link-position-49" style="font-size: 19.946666666667pt;" aria-label="public health (95 items)">public health</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/race/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-678875950 tag-link-position-50" style="font-size: 11.733333333333pt;" aria-label="race (34 items)">race</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/rare-books/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-393736 tag-link-position-51" style="font-size: 9.68pt;" aria-label="Rare Books (26 items)">Rare Books</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/recent-acquisitions/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2971278 tag-link-position-52" style="font-size: 15.093333333333pt;" aria-label="Recent Acquisitions (51 items)">Recent Acquisitions</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/research/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-668 tag-link-position-53" style="font-size: 20.693333333333pt;" aria-label="research (104 items)">research</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/surgeon-general/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-385674 tag-link-position-54" style="font-size: 9.12pt;" aria-label="Surgeon General (24 items)">Surgeon General</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/surgery/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-57544 tag-link-position-55" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="surgery (21 items)">surgery</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/traveling-exhibitions/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-6044794 tag-link-position-56" style="font-size: 9.68pt;" aria-label="traveling exhibitions (26 items)">traveling exhibitions</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/web-collecting/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-238214791 tag-link-position-57" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="web collecting (21 items)">web collecting</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/womens-history/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-97077 tag-link-position-58" style="font-size: 17.146666666667pt;" aria-label="Women's History (66 items)">Women's History</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/world-war-i/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-110820 tag-link-position-59" style="font-size: 14.906666666667pt;" aria-label="World War I (50 items)">World War I</a>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/world-war-ii/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-62291 tag-link-position-60" style="font-size: 13.6pt;" aria-label="World War II (43 items)">World War II</a></div>
|
||
</aside></div><div class="widget-wrap"><aside id="archives-5" class="widget widget_archive clearfix"><div class="widget-header"><h3 class="widget-title">Archives</h3></div> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="archives-dropdown-5">Archives</label>
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<script type='text/javascript' src='https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/_static/??-eJyNj8EKwjAQRH/IdCtC1YP4KdIm27DtNgndTYN/b9DeRPA4w7wZpiRDwXJ2KDAJOBKFDYOLK5RkUuTnSMzNQqGZ5FAtG4NiUEicPYUKoabezvCoNTBwtLOA5EHsSkkp1sRGWH7A/UyyoH7gXZhxfafcX4OZ2EEh51EFfIye0ejaB+Fe8cvYf9yX2/F8ul7aru0uLzfvYWU='></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="//translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit&ver=14.4-a.7" id="google-translate-js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra">
|
||
/* <![CDATA[ */
|
||
var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"};
|
||
/* ]]> */
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/sharedaddy/sharing.min.js?ver=14.4-a.7" id="sharing-js-js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after">
|
||
/* <![CDATA[ */
|
||
var windowOpen;
|
||
( function () {
|
||
function matches( el, sel ) {
|
||
return !! (
|
||
el.matches && el.matches( sel ) ||
|
||
el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel )
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) {
|
||
if ( ! event.target ) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var el;
|
||
if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) {
|
||
el = event.target;
|
||
} else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) {
|
||
el = event.target.parentNode;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if ( el ) {
|
||
event.preventDefault();
|
||
|
||
// If there's another sharing window open, close it.
|
||
if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) {
|
||
windowOpen.close();
|
||
}
|
||
windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtwitter', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' );
|
||
return false;
|
||
}
|
||
} );
|
||
} )();
|
||
var windowOpen;
|
||
( function () {
|
||
function matches( el, sel ) {
|
||
return !! (
|
||
el.matches && el.matches( sel ) ||
|
||
el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel )
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) {
|
||
if ( ! event.target ) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var el;
|
||
if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) {
|
||
el = event.target;
|
||
} else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) {
|
||
el = event.target.parentNode;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if ( el ) {
|
||
event.preventDefault();
|
||
|
||
// If there's another sharing window open, close it.
|
||
if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) {
|
||
windowOpen.close();
|
||
}
|
||
windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' );
|
||
return false;
|
||
}
|
||
} );
|
||
} )();
|
||
var windowOpen;
|
||
( function () {
|
||
function matches( el, sel ) {
|
||
return !! (
|
||
el.matches && el.matches( sel ) ||
|
||
el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel )
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) {
|
||
if ( ! event.target ) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var el;
|
||
if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-tumblr' ) ) {
|
||
el = event.target;
|
||
} else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-tumblr' ) ) {
|
||
el = event.target.parentNode;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if ( el ) {
|
||
event.preventDefault();
|
||
|
||
// If there's another sharing window open, close it.
|
||
if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) {
|
||
windowOpen.close();
|
||
}
|
||
windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtumblr', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=450,height=450' );
|
||
return false;
|
||
}
|
||
} );
|
||
} )();
|
||
var windowOpen;
|
||
( function () {
|
||
function matches( el, sel ) {
|
||
return !! (
|
||
el.matches && el.matches( sel ) ||
|
||
el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel )
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) {
|
||
if ( ! event.target ) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var el;
|
||
if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) {
|
||
el = event.target;
|
||
} else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) {
|
||
el = event.target.parentNode;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if ( el ) {
|
||
event.preventDefault();
|
||
|
||
// If there's another sharing window open, close it.
|
||
if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) {
|
||
windowOpen.close();
|
||
}
|
||
windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomlinkedin', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=580,height=450' );
|
||
return false;
|
||
}
|
||
} );
|
||
} )();
|
||
var windowOpen;
|
||
( function () {
|
||
function matches( el, sel ) {
|
||
return !! (
|
||
el.matches && el.matches( sel ) ||
|
||
el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel )
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) {
|
||
if ( ! event.target ) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var el;
|
||
if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-pocket' ) ) {
|
||
el = event.target;
|
||
} else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-pocket' ) ) {
|
||
el = event.target.parentNode;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if ( el ) {
|
||
event.preventDefault();
|
||
|
||
// If there's another sharing window open, close it.
|
||
if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) {
|
||
windowOpen.close();
|
||
}
|
||
windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcompocket', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=450,height=450' );
|
||
return false;
|
||
}
|
||
} );
|
||
} )();
|
||
var windowOpen;
|
||
( function () {
|
||
function matches( el, sel ) {
|
||
return !! (
|
||
el.matches && el.matches( sel ) ||
|
||
el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel )
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) {
|
||
if ( ! event.target ) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var el;
|
||
if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-telegram' ) ) {
|
||
el = event.target;
|
||
} else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-telegram' ) ) {
|
||
el = event.target.parentNode;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if ( el ) {
|
||
event.preventDefault();
|
||
|
||
// If there's another sharing window open, close it.
|
||
if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) {
|
||
windowOpen.close();
|
||
}
|
||
windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtelegram', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=450,height=450' );
|
||
return false;
|
||
}
|
||
} );
|
||
} )();
|
||
/* ]]> */
|
||
</script>
|
||
<iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20250301#ver=20250301' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe>
|
||
<div id='likes-other-gravatars' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="likes-text"><span>%d</span></div><ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul></div>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||
(function () {
|
||
const iframe = document.getElementById( 'jetpack_remote_comment' );
|
||
const watchReply = function() {
|
||
// Check addComment._Jetpack_moveForm to make sure we don't monkey-patch twice.
|
||
if ( 'undefined' !== typeof addComment && ! addComment._Jetpack_moveForm ) {
|
||
// Cache the Core function.
|
||
addComment._Jetpack_moveForm = addComment.moveForm;
|
||
const commentParent = document.getElementById( 'comment_parent' );
|
||
const cancel = document.getElementById( 'cancel-comment-reply-link' );
|
||
|
||
function tellFrameNewParent ( commentParentValue ) {
|
||
const url = new URL( iframe.src );
|
||
if ( commentParentValue ) {
|
||
url.searchParams.set( 'replytocom', commentParentValue )
|
||
} else {
|
||
url.searchParams.delete( 'replytocom' );
|
||
}
|
||
if( iframe.src !== url.href ) {
|
||
iframe.src = url.href;
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
cancel.addEventListener( 'click', function () {
|
||
tellFrameNewParent( false );
|
||
} );
|
||
|
||
addComment.moveForm = function ( _, parentId ) {
|
||
tellFrameNewParent( parentId );
|
||
return addComment._Jetpack_moveForm.apply( null, arguments );
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', watchReply );
|
||
// In WP 6.4+, the script is loaded asynchronously, so we need to wait for it to load before we monkey-patch the functions it introduces.
|
||
document.querySelector('#comment-reply-js')?.addEventListener( 'load', watchReply );
|
||
|
||
|
||
const commentIframes = document.getElementsByClassName('jetpack_remote_comment');
|
||
|
||
window.addEventListener('message', function(event) {
|
||
if (event.origin !== 'https://jetpack.wordpress.com') {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (!event?.data?.iframeUniqueId && !event?.data?.height) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const eventDataUniqueId = event.data.iframeUniqueId;
|
||
|
||
// Change height for the matching comment iframe
|
||
for (let i = 0; i < commentIframes.length; i++) {
|
||
const iframe = commentIframes[i];
|
||
const url = new URL(iframe.src);
|
||
const iframeUniqueIdParam = url.searchParams.get('iframe_unique_id');
|
||
if (iframeUniqueIdParam == event.data.iframeUniqueId) {
|
||
iframe.style.height = event.data.height + 'px';
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
})();
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|