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575 lines
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1. About Health Statistics
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="01-000.html">Overview</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="01-500.html">Correlates, Conditions, Care, and Costs</a></li>
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href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" id="navbarDropdown-2" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
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2. Common Terms and Equations
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-000.html">Overview</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-100.html">Sampling</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-200.html">Dependent and Independent Variables</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-300.html">Correlation</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-400.html">Causation</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-500.html">Validity</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-600.html">Age-Adjustment</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-700.html">Hypotheses</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-800.html">Distribution</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-900.html">Standard Deviation</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-910.html">z-score</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-920.html">t-test</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-930.html">Significance Level</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-940.html">p-value</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-950.html">Confidence Intervals</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-960.html">Incorporation into Health Subjects</a></li>
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href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" id="navbarDropdown-3" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">
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3. Health Data Sources
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</a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu show" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown-3">
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-000.html">Overview</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-100.html">Surveys</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-200.html">Medical Records</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item active" href="03-300.html">Claims Data</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-400.html">Vital Records</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-500.html">Surveillance</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-600.html">(Other) Grey Literature</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-700.html">Peer-Reviewed Literature</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-800.html">Knowledge Check</a></li>
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href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" id="navbarDropdown-4" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
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4. Finding Health Statistics Exercises
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</a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown-4">
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-000.html">Overview</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-100.html">National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-200.html">World Health Organization (WHO)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-300.html">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-400.html">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-500.html">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-600.html">Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-700.html">Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-800.html">United States Census Bureau</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-900.html">HealthData.gov</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-910.html">Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care (DAHC)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-920.html">Academic Journal Databases</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-930.html">Search Engines</a></li>
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<strong>Finding and Using Health Statistics</strong>
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<a href="https://learn.nlm.nih.gov/" id="anch_30" target="_blank">Learning Resources</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="index.html">Course Home</a>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse-item-1">1. About Health Statistics</a>
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<ul class="nav flex-column ps-3">
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<a class="nav-link" href="01-000.html">Overview</a>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="01-100.html">Correlates</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="01-200.html">Conditions</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="01-300.html">Care</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="01-400.html">Costs</a>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="01-500.html">Correlates, Conditions, Care, and Costs</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="01-600.html">Knowledge Check</a>
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<a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse-item-2">2. Common Terms and Equations</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-100.html">Sampling</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-200.html">Dependent and Independent Variables</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-300.html">Correlation</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-400.html">Causation</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-500.html">Validity</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-600.html">Age-Adjustment</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-700.html">Hypotheses</a>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-800.html">Distribution</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-900.html">Standard Deviation</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-910.html">z-score</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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||
<a class="nav-link" href="02-920.html">t-test</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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||
<a class="nav-link" href="02-930.html">Significance Level</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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||
<a class="nav-link" href="02-940.html">p-value</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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||
<a class="nav-link" href="02-950.html">Confidence Intervals</a>
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||
</li>
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||
<li class="nav-item">
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||
<a class="nav-link" href="02-960.html">Incorporation into Health Subjects</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-970.html">Knowledge Check</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse-item-3">3. Health Data Sources</a>
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<div id="collapse-item-3" class="collapse show">
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<ul class="nav flex-column ps-3">
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="03-000.html">Overview</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="03-100.html">Surveys</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="03-200.html">Medical Records</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link active" href="03-300.html">Claims Data</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="03-400.html">Vital Records</a>
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</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="03-500.html">Surveillance</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="03-600.html">(Other) Grey Literature</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="03-700.html">Peer-Reviewed Literature</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="03-800.html">Knowledge Check</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</li>
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||
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse-item-4">4. Finding Health Statistics Exercises</a>
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<div id="collapse-item-4" class="collapse">
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<ul class="nav flex-column ps-3">
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="04-000.html">Overview</a>
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||
</li>
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||
<li class="nav-item">
|
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<a class="nav-link" href="04-100.html">National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)</a>
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</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
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<a class="nav-link" href="04-200.html">World Health Organization (WHO)</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="04-300.html">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="04-400.html">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</a>
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||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
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||
<a class="nav-link" href="04-500.html">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a class="nav-link" href="04-600.html">Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)</a>
|
||
</li>
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||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a class="nav-link" href="04-700.html">Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF)</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="04-800.html">United States Census Bureau</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="04-900.html">HealthData.gov</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a class="nav-link" href="04-910.html">Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care (DAHC)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a class="nav-link" href="04-920.html">Academic Journal Databases</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="04-930.html">Search Engines</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<a class="nav-link" href="05-000.html">Closing</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="06-000.html">Glossary</a>
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<a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#navModal">How to Navigate This Course</a>
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<!-- Header -->
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<h2>3. Health Data Sources
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</h2>
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<hr>
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<h3>Claims Data</h3>
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<br>
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<p><strong>Claims data</strong>, also known as administrative data, are another sort of electronic record, but on a much bigger scale. Claims databases collect information on millions of doctors’ appointments, bills, insurance information, and other patient-provider communications.</p>
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<p>The good thing about claims data is that, like other medical records, they come directly from notes made by the health care provider, and the information is recorded at the time patient sees the doctor. Also, because of the large sample size of claims data, researchers can analyze groups of patients with rare illnesses and medical conditions. The downside to using claims data is that there may be low validity due to certain illegal billing practices, like ordering unnecessary tests or billing for services that were not provided.</p>
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<p>Several claims databases are available including <a href="https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems" title="https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems" target="_blank">claims data</a> from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Currently, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is developing an <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/data/apcd/index.html" title="https://www.ahrq.gov/data/apcd/index.html" target="_blank">all-payer claims database</a>, which would compile the medical claims, pharmacy claims, dental claims, and eligibility and provider files from private and public payers. This information is already reported at the state level, but AHRQ aims to develop a complete database that would advance research in health care affordability, and cost transparency.<sup><a href="#fn1" id="anch_01">1</a></sup></p>
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<p>For example, the data from these graphs are from the CMS Chronic Conditions Public Use Files, a source of claims data.<sup><a href="#fn2" id="anch_02">2</a></sup></p>
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</div>
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<h4>Table 3: Average Payment per Enrollee for Medicare Part A & B by Number of Chronic Conditions</h4>
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<p style="text-align: center"><strong>Hospital Insurance (Part A) Average Cost</strong></p>
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<a href="img/InsuranceA.png" target="_blank"><img class="img-fluid" src="img/InsuranceA.png" alt="Line graph showing that as the number of chronic conditions rise, having medicare only as opposed to medicare and medicaid is a higher cost."></a>
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<p style="text-align: center"><strong>Medical Insurance (Part B) Average Cost</strong></p>
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<a href="img/InsuranceB.png" target="_blank"><img class="img-fluid" src="img/InsuranceB.png" alt="Line graph that shows as the number of chronic conditions increase, the cost for medicare and medicaid is greater than just medicare only."></a>
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<p class="small">
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<a name="fn1" id="anch_101"></a>1. "All-Payer Claims Databases." Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Feb. 2018, <a href="http://www.ahrq.gov/data/apcd/index.html" title="www.ahrq.gov/data/apcd/index.html" target="_blank">www.ahrq.gov/data/apcd/index.html</a>.</p>
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<p class="small">
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<a name="fn2" id="anch_102"></a>2. Erdem, Erkan et al. "Medicare payments: How much do chronic conditions matter?." Medicare & Medicaid Research Review. Vol. 3,2 MMRR. 003.02.b02. 18 Jun. 2013, <a href="https://www.cms.gov/mmrr/downloads/mmrr2013_003_02_b02.pdf" title="https://www.cms.gov/mmrr/downloads/mmrr2013_003_02_b02.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.cms.gov/mmrr/downloads/mmrr2013_003_02_b02.pdf</a>.</p>
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