236 lines
15 KiB
HTML
236 lines
15 KiB
HTML
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta name="title" property="og:title" content="Islamic Medical Manuscripts, Natural History 2">
|
|
<meta name="type" property="og:type" content="website">
|
|
<meta name="image" property="og:image" content="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/images/NLMgeneric.jpg">
|
|
<meta name="image:alt" property="og:image:alt" content="National Library of Medicine (NLM)">
|
|
|
|
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@NLM_NIH">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Islamic Medical Manuscripts, Natural History 2">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/images/NLMgeneric.jpg">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:image:alt" content ="National Library of Medicine (NLM)">
|
|
|
|
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
|
|
<link href="/styles/reset.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" />
|
|
<link href="/styles/master.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
|
<link href="/styles/footeronly.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/home_assets/uswds/css/styles.css">
|
|
|
|
<!--Call jQuery-->
|
|
<script src="//assets.nlm.nih.gov/jquery/jquery-latest.min.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="//assets.nlm.nih.gov/jquery/jquery-migrate-latest.min.js"></script>
|
|
<!--[if lte IE 8]>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/PIE.js"></script>
|
|
<![endif]-->
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/master.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<!--[if lte IE 8]>
|
|
<link href="/styles/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen">
|
|
<![endif]-->
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/print.css" type="text/css" media="print" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Islamic Medical Manuscripts, Natural History 2</title>
|
|
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" title="The Dublin Core metadata Element Set" />
|
|
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Islamic Medical Manuscripts, Natural History 2" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="U.S. National Library of Medicine" />
|
|
<meta name="DC.Date.Issued" content="2004-01-15" />
|
|
<meta name="DC.Date.Modified" content="2013-12-13" />
|
|
<meta name="NLMDC.Date.LastReviewed" content="2014-12-31" />
|
|
<meta name="NLM.Contact.Email" content="hmdweb@nlm.nih.gov" />
|
|
<meta name="DC.Type" content="Digital Library Collections" />
|
|
<meta name="NLM.Permanence.Level" content="Permanent: Dynamic Content" />
|
|
<meta name="NLM.Permanence.Guarantor" content="U.S. National Library of Medicine" />
|
|
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Public Domain" />
|
|
<meta name="DC.Language" content="eng" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link href="arabic.css" rel="stylesheet" title="default" type="text/css" />
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
|
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
|
|
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MT6MLL');</script>
|
|
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<body>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
|
|
<noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MT6MLL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="googletagmanager"></iframe></noscript>
|
|
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
|
|
<div id="skip"><a href="#skip">Skip to Main Content</a></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="page"><a name="top" id="top"></a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="skip" id="skipnav"></a>
|
|
<div id="body">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="arabicmain">
|
|
|
|
<div id="bannersection">
|
|
<a href="welcome.html"><img src="images/arabicbanner.png" alt="Banner featuring Arabic calligraphy in dark blue ink above the words Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine written in burgundy ink." title="Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine" /></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="arabicwrapper">
|
|
<div id="arabicrightcolumn">
|
|
|
|
<h1><a name="top"></a>Catalogue: Natural History</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<img src="/share/images99/dot.png" alt="Blue arrow pointing to the right" title="Blue arrow" class="redarrow" />
|
|
Note On <em>‘Ajā’ib al-makhlūqāt wa-gharā’ib al-mawjūdāt</em></dt>
|
|
<dd>(<em>Marvels of Things Created and Miraculous Aspects of Things Existing</em>)</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dd><strong>كتاب عجائب المخلوقات وغرائب الموجودات</strong></dd>
|
|
<dd>by <a href="bioQ.html#qazwini">Zakarīyā’ ibn Mu<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">ḥ</font>ammad al-Qazwīnī</a></dd>
|
|
<dd><strong>زكرياء ابن محمد القزوينى</strong></dd>
|
|
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<p class="indent">The treatise by al-Qazwīnī titled <em>‘Ajā’ib al-makhlūqāt wa-gharā’ib al-mawjūdāt</em> (<em>Marvels of Things Created and Miraculous Aspects of Things Existing</em>) is the most well-known example of a genre of classical Islamic literature that was concerned with 'mirabilia' or wonders of creation. The genre was generally known as <em>‘ajā’ib </em>or <em>‘jā’ib al-makhlūqāt</em> literature, that is 'wonders' or 'wonders of creation'. The literature was concerned with cosmographical and geographical topics that challenged understanding. These could include aspects of God's creation that inspire awe, such as human anatomy or the variety of plants. These could also include the great monuments of pre-Islamic times or natural phenomena or marvels recounted in folkloric literature, including the achievements of Solomon and <a href="bioA.html#alexander">Alexander the Great</a>. The treatise covered all the wonders of the world, and the variety of the subject matter (humans and their anatomy, plants, animals, strange creatures at the edges of the inhabited world, constellations of stars, zodiacal signs, angels, and demons) provided great scope for the artist.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p class="indent">Elements of the genre are to be found also in <a href="b_d.html#damiri">Mu<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">ḥ</font>ammad ibn Mūsá al-Damīrī</a>'s (d. 1405/808) <em><font face= "Arial Unicode MS">Ḥ</font>ayāt al-<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">ḥ</font>ayawān</em> (<em>Life of Animals</em>), of which NLM also has a copy. (<a href="natural_hist11.html">MS A 19</a>) But it was al-Qazwīnī's treatise that was by far the most popular and representative of this type of literature.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p class="indent">For the <em>‘aja'ib</em> genre in general, see L. Richter-Bernburg, <em>‘jā’ib</em> literature' in <em>Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature</em>, ed. by Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey (London: Routledge, 1998), vol. 1, pp. 65-6; and C.W. Bosworth and I. Afshar, <em>‘jā’ib al-makluqat'</em> in <a href="abbreviation.html#encir">EncIr</a>, vol. 1, pp. 695-9.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p class="indent">Born in the Persian town of Qazwīn, Zakarīyā’ ibn Mu<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">ḥ</font>ammad al-Qazwīnī served as legal expert and judge (<em>qadi</em>) in several different localities in Persia and Iraq. He travelled in Mesopotamia, Syria and Iraq and finally entered the circle patronized by the governor of Baghdad, ‘Ata-Malik Juwayni (d. 1283/682). It was to the latter that al-Qazwīnī dedicated his Arabic-language treatise titled <em>‘Ajā’ib al-makhlūqāt wa-gharā’ib al-mawjūdāt</em> (<em>Marvels of Things Created and Miraculous Aspects of Things Existing</em>). This treatise, frequently illustrated, was immensely popular and was translated into Persian and Turkish.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p class="indent">It is preserved today in many copies, in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish. The National Library of Medicine has four copies of the Persian translation, three of them (<a href="natural_hist3.html">MS P 1</a>, <a href="natural_hist4.html">MS P 2</a>, and <a href="natural_hist5.html">MS P 3</a>) are highly illustrated products of Indian workshops, the earliest being made in 1546 in a provincial <a href="glossary.html#mughal">Mughal</a> workshop and the other two of the 17th and 18th centuries. The fourth copy at NLM (<a href="natural_hist6.html">MS P 29</a>) has fewer illustrations but is distinguished in having an <a href="glossary.html#illuminated">illuminated opening</a> and a nearly full-page portrait of the <a href="glossary.html#scribe">scribe</a>, Sayyid <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">Ḥ</font>usayn Yazdī, who worked before 1546, when an owner placed a dated stamp in the volume.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p class="indent">For other Persian copies, see <a href="abbreviation.html#storey1">Storey, PL II,1,</a> pp. 124-7 no. 1; and <a href="abbreviation.html#keshavarzW">Keshavarz, "Wellcome"</a>, pp. 382-386 entry 214 (where ten copies are described).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p class="indent">The treatise was edited and translated into German by F.Wüstenfeld,<em> Zakarija ben Muhammed ben Mahmud al-Cazwini's Kosmographie</em>, 2 vols. (Göttingen: Verlag der Dieterichschen Buchhanlung, 1848-9), and a partial German translation was published by A. Giese, <em>al-Qazwīnī, Die Wunder des Himmels und der Erde</em> (Stuttgart and Vienna, 1986). A more recent edition of the Arabic text has been made by Farug Sad, <em>‘Ajā’ib al-makhlūqāt wa-gharā’ib al-mawjūdāt</em> (Beirut: Dar al-Afaq al-Jadidah 1973).</p>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="arabicleftcolumn">
|
|
|
|
<div class="img">
|
|
|
|
<a href="welcome.html"><img src="images/welcome.jpg" alt="Welcome" title="Welcome" /></a>
|
|
<a href="getstarted.html"><img src="images/gettingstarted.jpg" alt="Getting started" title="Getting Started" /></a>
|
|
<a href="med_islam.html"><img src="images/medievalislam.jpg" alt="Medieval Islam" title="Medieval Islam" /></a>
|
|
<a href="catalog_tb.html"><img src="images/catalogue.jpg" alt="Catalogue" title="Catalogue" /></a>
|
|
<a href="bioA.html"><img src="images/bio-bibliographies.jpg" alt="Bio-bibliographies" title="Bio-bibliographies" /></a>
|
|
<a href="glossary.html"><img src="images/glossary.jpg" alt="Glossary" title="Glossary" /></a>
|
|
<a href="abbreviation.html"><img src="images/abbreviations.jpg" alt="Abbreviations" title="Abbreviations" /></a>
|
|
<a href="credit.html"><img src="images/credits.jpg" alt="Credits" title="Credits" /></a>
|
|
<a href="about.html"><img src="images/abouttheauthor.jpg" alt="About the Author" title="About the Author" /></a>
|
|
|
|
<img src="images/concordances.jpg" alt="Concordances" title="Concordances" usemap="#concordancemap" />
|
|
|
|
<map name="concordancemap" id="concordancemap">
|
|
<area shape="rect" coords="52,19,116,32" href="concordancea1a29.html" alt="A 1 - A 29" title="A 1 - A 29"/>
|
|
<area shape="rect" coords="42,35,116,48" href="concordancea30a59.html" alt="A 30 - A 59" title="A 30 - A 59" />
|
|
<area shape="rect" coords="41,52,116,64" href="concordancea60a89.html" alt="A 60 - A 89" title="A 60 - A 89" />
|
|
<area shape="rect" coords="42,67,116,77" href="concordancea90a92.html" alt="A 90 - A 92" title="A 90 - A 92" />
|
|
<area shape="rect" coords="56,84,116,96" href="concordancep1p29.html" alt="P 1 - P 29" title="P 1 - P 29" />
|
|
<area shape="rect" coords="6,98,106,143" href="authors.html" alt="Authors, Translators & Commentators" title="Authors, Translators & Commentators" />
|
|
<area shape="rect" coords="6,154,82,184" href="copyists.html" alt="Copyists & Illustrators" title="Copyists & Illustrators" />
|
|
<area shape="rect" coords="6,195,75,224" href="owners.html" alt="Owners & Patrons" title="Owners & Patrons" />
|
|
|
|
</map>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div> <!--body-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Start Footer-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<footer class="usa-footer__primary-section padding-y-5">
|
|
<div class="grid-container">
|
|
<div class="grid-row">
|
|
<div class="desktop:grid-col-3 grid-col-6"> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">
|
|
<p class="text-white">Connect with NLM</p>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<ul class="social_media add-list-reset margin-top-1">
|
|
<li class="margin-right-05"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" title="External link: please review our privacy policy."><img class="bg-secondary" src="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/images/facebook.svg" alt="Facebook"></a></li>
|
|
<li class="margin-right-05"><a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-library-of-medicine-nlm/"><img class="bg-secondary" src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/images/linkedin.svg" alt="LinkedIn"></a></li>
|
|
<li class="margin-right-05"><a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH"><img src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/images/twitter.svg" class="img-fluid bg-secondary" alt="Twitter"></a></li>
|
|
<li class="margin-right-05"><a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH"><img src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/images/youtube.svg" class="bg-secondary" alt="You Tube"></a></li>
|
|
<li class="margin-right-05"><a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNLMOCPL/subscriber/new?preferences=true"><img src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/images/mail.svg" class=" bg-secondary" alt="Government Delivery"></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="desktop:grid-col-3 grid-col-6">
|
|
<p class="address_footer text-white"> National Library of Medicine <br>
|
|
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white"> 8600 Rockville Pike <br>
|
|
Bethesda, MD 20894 </a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="desktop:grid-col-3 grid-col-6">
|
|
<p><a href="/web_policies.html" class="text-white"> Web Policies </a><br>
|
|
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white"> FOIA </a><br>
|
|
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="desktop:grid-col-3 grid-col-6">
|
|
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="//support.nlm.nih.gov?from="> NLM Support Center </a> <br>
|
|
<a href="/accessibility.html" class="text-white"> Accessibility </a><br>
|
|
<a href="/careers/careers.html" class="text-white"> Careers </a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="grid-row margin-top-3">
|
|
<div class="grid-col-12">
|
|
<p class="text-center text-white"> <a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
</div> <!--page-->
|
|
<script>
|
|
$( document ).ready(function() {
|
|
$( ".supportLink" ).attr("href", "//support.nlm.nih.gov?from=" + window.location.href);
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
<script src="/core/nlm-notifyExternal/1.0/nlm-notifyExternal.min.js"></script>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
|