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<h1><a name="top"></a>Bio-Bibliographies</h1>
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<p><a name="nafis"><b>Naf&#299;s ibn &#8216;Iw&#257;<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7693;</font> al-Kirm&#257;n&#299;, Burh&#257;n al-D&#299;n</b></a> (<a href="glossary.html#d">d.</a> 1449/853 H)
<br /><strong>&#1576;&#1585;&#1607;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1606;&#1601;&#1610;&#1587; &#1575;&#1576;&#1606; &#1593;&#1608;&#1575;&#1590; &#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1585;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606;&#1609;</strong></p>
<p class="pindent">Naf&#299;s ibn &#8216;Iw&#257;<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7693;</font> al-Kirm&#257;n&#299; was court physician to Ulugh Beg, the grandson of Tamerlane and the governor of Samarqand from 1409 to 1449 (812-853 H). In 1424/827 H, al-Kirm&#257;n&#299; dedicated to Ulugh Beg his commentary on the medical compendium of <a href="#najib">Naj&#299;b al-D&#299;n al-Samarqand&#299;</a>, and in 1437/841 he again dedicated to Ulugh Beg his popular commentary on the <em>Canon on Medicine</em> of <a href="bioA.html#avicenna">Avicenna</a>. Al-Kirm&#257;n&#299;'s commentary on Naj&#299;b al-D&#299;n al-Samarqand&#299;'s treatise was so popular that commentaries were written on the commentary, and it was translated into Persian and amplified by <a href="bioM.html#muhammad">Mu<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7717;</font>ammad Arz&#257;n&#299;</a> in the 18th century.</p>
<p class="pindent">For life and works, <a href="abbreviation.html#dietrich">Dietrich, <em>Medicinalia</em></a>, pp. 122-124 no. 52; and <a href="abbreviation.html#gal"><em>GAL</em></a>, vol. 2, p. 213 (276).</p>
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<p><a name="nagawri"><b>N&#257;gawr&#299;, Shih&#257;b al-D&#299;n ibn &#8216;Abd al-Kar&#299;m Qiv&#257;m</b></a> (<a href="glossary.html#fl">fl.</a> 1388/790)
<br /><strong>&#1588;&#1607;&#1575;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1576;&#1606; &#1593;&#1576;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1585;&#1610;&#1605; &#1602;&#1608;&#1575;&#1605; &#1606;&#1575;&#1711;&#1608;&#1585;&#1609;</strong></p>
<p class="pindent">Shih&#257;b al-D&#299;n al-N&#257;gawr&#299; composed several Persian medical treatises, including a general handbook composed in 1392/794 and a short dictionary of drugs. His metrical Persian compendium on therapeutics was written in 1388/790 and was often known as "Shihab's Medicine" as well as the more formal title <em>Shif&#257;&#8217; al-mara<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7693;</font></em> (<em>The Healing of Disease</em>). A considerable amount of autobiographical material is contained in this didactic poem, including the fact that al-Nagawri made his living in trade rather than as a physician.</p>
<p class="pindent">For his life and writings, <em>see</em> <a href="abbreviation.html#storey2">Storey PL II,2</a>, pp. 224-225 no. 383;</p>
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<p><a name="najib"><b>Naj&#299;b al-D&#299;n al-Samarqand&#299;, Ab&#363; <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7717;</font>amid Mu<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7717;</font>ammad ibn &#8216;Al&#299; ibn &#8216;Umar</b></a> (<a href="glossary.html#d">d.</a> 1222/619)<br /><strong>&#1575;&#1576;&#1608; &#1581;&#1575;&#1605;&#1583; &#1605;&#1581;&#1605;&#1583; &#1575;&#1576;&#1606; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1576;&#1606; &#1593;&#1605;&#1585; &#1606;&#1580;&#1610;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1605;&#1585;&#1602;&#1606;&#1583;&#1609;</strong></p>
<p class="pindent">Naj&#299;b al-D&#299;n al-Samarqand&#299; died during the Mongol attack on Herat, in Persia, in 1222/619 H. He was a prolific medical writer and expositor of medical ideas, though few details are known of his life. His most famous book was <em>The Book of Causes and Symptoms</em>, a comprehensive manual of therapeutics and pathology. The treatises were widely read and often commentaries were written on them.</p>
<p class="pindent">For his life and writings, <em>see</em> A. Z. Iskandar, "A Study of al-Samarqand&#299;'s Medical Writings", <em>Le Mus&#233;on</em>, vol. 85 (1972), pp. 451-479; <em>DSB</em> vol. 12, pp. 90-91; and <a href="abbreviation.html#ullmannM">Ullmann, <em>Medizin</em></a>, p. 170.</p>
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<p><a name="najm"><b>Najm al-D&#299;n al-Sh&#299;r&#257;z&#299;</b>, Ma<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7717;</font>m&#363;d ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7692;</font>iy&#257;&#8217; al-D&#299;n Ily&#257;s</a> (<a href="glossary.html#d">d.</a> 1330/730 H)<br /><strong>&#1606;&#1581;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1605;&#1581;&#1605;&#1608;&#1583; &#1575;&#1576;&#1606; &#1590;&#1610;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1575;&#1587; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1610;&#1585;&#1575;&#1586;&#1609;</strong></p>
<p class="pindent">Najm al-D&#299;n Ma<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7717;</font>m&#363;d ibn Ily&#257;s al-Sh&#299;r&#257;z&#299;, a resident of al-Sh&#299;r&#257;z in Persia, died in the year 1330/730 H. His major composition was a large Arabic medical compendium, <em>Kit&#257;b al-<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>&#257;w&#299; f&#299; &#8216;ilm al-tad&#257;w&#299;</em> (<em>The Comprehensive Book on the Art of Curing</em>) (<a href="E22_E26.html#E24">MS A 18</a>, <a href="E22_E26.html#E25">MS A 18.1</a>, <a href="E22_E26.html#e26">MS A 87, item 12</a>), whose title often caused confusion with the better-known <em>Kit&#257;b al-<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>&#257;w&#299;</em> (<em>The Comprehensive Book</em>) written four centuries earlier by al-<a href="bioR.html#razi">R&#257;z&#299;</a>. In the course of his treatise, Najm al-D&#299;n al-Sh&#299;r&#257;z&#299; cites by name many earlier medical authorities, including <a href="bioH.html#hippocrates">Hippocrates</a> and <a href="bioG.html#galen">Galen</a> as well as Arabic writers. Little is known of the life of Najm al-D&#299;n al-Sh&#299;r&#257;z&#299;.</p>
<p class="pindent">For what little is known of his life and writings, <em>see</em> <a href="abbreviation.html#ullmannM">Ullmann, <em>Medizin</em></a>, p. 178; <a href="abbreviation.html#richter">Richter-Bernberg, "UCLA"</a>, pp. 25-27; <a href="abbreviation.html#gals"><em>GAL-S</em></a>, vol. 1 p. 901 and vol. 2, pp. 298-9.</p>
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<p><a name="nakhshabi"><b>Nakhshab&#299;, Ziy&#257;&#8217;, or Diy&#257;&#8217; al-D&#299;n Nakhshab&#299;</b></a> (? 18th century)<br /><strong>&#1590;&#1610;&#1575;&#1569; [&#1590;&#1610;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; ] &#1606;&#1582;&#1588;&#1576;&#1609;</strong></p>
<p class="pindent">According to a statement in a <a href="glossary.html#manuscript">manuscript</a> now at NLM, <a href="diet5.html">MS P 24, item 1</a> Ziy&#257;&#8217; Nakhshab&#299; himself transcribed and illustrated a Persian translation made of a Hindi version of a Sanskrit treatise on sexual hygiene. There are 5 full-page miniatures painted in a variety of opaque watercolors with <a href="glossary.html#gilt">gilt</a> and 2 half or three-quarter miniatures, all of a provincial <a href="glossary.html#mughal">Mughal</a> style typical of north-west India, especially Kashmir, in the 18th century. If the statement in the <a href="glossary.html#manuscript">manuscript</a> that Nakhshab&#299; was both the <a href="glossary.html#copyist">copyist</a> and the illustrator is correct, then this could be taken as evidence that Nakhshab&#299; worked in India in the 18th century. No other particulars are known of Nakhshab&#299;.</p>
<p class="pindent">There are a number of other Persian <a href="glossary.html#manuscript">manuscripts</a> which associate the name Ziy&#257;&#8217; Nakhshab&#299; or Diy&#257;&#8217; al-D&#299;n Nakhshab&#299; with versions of this ultimately Sanskrit treatise on sexual hygiene. He is also known to had edited and added his own verses to a Persian translation called <em>Tuti'namah</em> of a Sanskrit collection of 52 tales narrated by a parrot (<em>tuti</em>) and a nightingale (<em>sharak</em>) to a woman in order to keep her away from a lover while her husband, a traveling merchant, was absent.</p>
<p class="pindent">For treatises attributed to him, <em>see</em> <a href="abbreviation.html#keshavarzW">Keshavarz, "Wellcome"</a>, pp. 377-378 no. 211 and pp. 633-634 no. 450.</p>
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<p><a name="naysaburi"><b>Nays&#257;b&#363;r&#299;</b></a>, Ab&#363; al-Q&#257;sim
al-<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ab&#299;b (<a href="glossary.html#fl">fl.</a> before 1750/1163)<br /><strong>&#1575;&#1576;&#1608; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1575;&#1587;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1576;&#1610;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1610;&#1587;&#1575;&#1576;&#1608;&#1585;&#1609;</strong></p>
<p class="pindent">Ab&#363; al-Q&#257;sim al-<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ab&#299;b al-Nays&#257;b&#363;r&#299; is known to have written two Arabic treatises on Prophetic medicine. One is in a unique copy now at NLM (<a href="prophetic_med11.html">MS A 88/IV</a>), copied in 1792, and other is preserved in a unique copy now in Los Angeles that was copied in 1750. Therefore, the author must have been active before 1750. Since he cites amongst his authorities <a href="bioI.html#shahin">Ibn Shahin</a>, who composed his major work in 1453/857, we know that al-Nays&#257;b&#363;r&#299; must has been active after the mid-15<sup>th</sup> century. Nothing else is known about this author.</p>
<p class="pindent">For the <a href="glossary.html#manuscript">manuscript</a> now in Los Angeles, see <a href="abbreviation.html#iskandarU">Iskandar "UCLA"</a>, p. 82.</p>
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<p><a name="nurbakhshi"><b>N&#363;rbakhsh&#299;, Bah&#257;&#8217; al-D&#299;n</b></a> [or Bah&#257;&#8217; al-Dawlah] ibn Sir&#257;j al-D&#299;n Sh&#257;h Q&#257;sim ibn Mu<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7717;</font>ammad al-<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>usayn&#299; (<a href="glossary.html#d">d.</a> <a href="glossary.html#ca">ca.</a> 1508/914 H)<br /><strong>&#1576;&#1607;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; [ &#1576;&#1607;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1608;&#1604;&#1607; ] &#1575;&#1576;&#1606; &#1587;&#1585;&#1575;&#1580; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1588;&#1575;&#1607; &#1602;&#1575;&#1587;&#1605; &#1575;&#1576;&#1606; &#1605;&#1581;&#1605;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1587;&#1610;&#1606;&#1609; &#1606;&#1608;&#1585;&#1576;&#1582;&#1588;&#1609;</strong></p>
<p class="pindent">Bah&#257;&#8217; al-Dawlah ibn Sir&#257;j al-D&#299;n Sh&#257;h Q&#257;sim ibn Mu<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7717;</font>ammad al-<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>usayn&#299; N&#363;rbakhsh&#299; (also sometimes called al-N&#363;r&#299; rather than N&#363;rbakhsh&#299;) obtained court favor in both Persia and Iraq. He is known by one treatise, a medical compendium called <a href="E27_E32.html#E28"><em>Khul&#257;<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7779;</font>at al-taj&#257;rib</em></a> (<em>The Summary of Experience</em>) which he composed in 1501/907 H in the village of Tursht, which was near the town of Rayy (near present-day Tehran). </p>
<p class="pindent">For evidence regarding his life and probable date of death, <em>see</em> <a href="abbreviation.html#richter">Richter-Bernberg, "UCLA"</a>, pp. 62-64; and <a href="abbreviation.html#storey2">Storey <em>PL</em> II,2</a>, pp. 230-231.</p>
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