nih-gov/www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/arabic/alchemy17.html
2025-02-26 13:17:41 -05:00

280 lines
21 KiB
HTML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta name="title" property="og:title" content="Islamic Medical Manuscripts, Alchemy 17">
<meta name="type" property="og:type" content="website">
<meta name="image" property="og:image" content="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/images/NLMgeneric.jpg">
<meta name="image:alt" property="og:image:alt" content="National Library of Medicine (NLM)">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@NLM_NIH">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Islamic Medical Manuscripts, Alchemy 17">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/images/NLMgeneric.jpg">
<meta name="twitter:image:alt" content ="National Library of Medicine (NLM)">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<link href="/styles/reset.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" />
<link href="/styles/master.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
<link href="/styles/footeronly.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/home_assets/uswds/css/styles.css">
<!--Call jQuery-->
<script src="//assets.nlm.nih.gov/jquery/jquery-latest.min.js"></script>
<script src="//assets.nlm.nih.gov/jquery/jquery-migrate-latest.min.js"></script>
<!--[if lte IE 8]>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/PIE.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/master.js"></script>
<!--[if lte IE 8]>
<link href="/styles/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen">
<![endif]-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/print.css" type="text/css" media="print" />
<title>Islamic Medical Manuscripts, Alchemy 17</title>
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" title="The Dublin Core metadata Element Set" />
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Islamic Medical Manuscripts, Alchemy 17" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="U.S. National Library of Medicine" />
<meta name="DC.Date.Issued" content="2004-01-15" />
<meta name="DC.Date.Modified" content="2013-12-13" />
<meta name="NLMDC.Date.LastReviewed" content="2014-12-23" />
<meta name="NLM.Contact.Email" content="hmdweb@nlm.nih.gov" />
<meta name="DC.Type" content="Digital Library Collections" />
<meta name="NLM.Permanence.Level" content="Permanent: Dynamic Content" />
<meta name="NLM.Permanence.Guarantor" content="U.S. National Library of Medicine" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Public Domain" />
<meta name="DC.Language" content="eng" />
<link href="arabic.css" rel="stylesheet" title="default" type="text/css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MT6MLL');</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
</head>
<body>
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MT6MLL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="googletagmanager"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<div id="skip"><a href="#skip">Skip to Main Content</a></div>
<div id="page"><a name="top" id="top"></a>
<a name="skip" id="skipnav"></a>
<div id="body">
<div id="arabicmain">
<div id="bannersection">
<a href="welcome.html"><img src="images/arabicbanner.png" alt="Banner featuring Arabic calligraphy in dark blue ink above the words Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine written in burgundy ink." title="Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine" /></a>
</div>
<div id="arabicwrapper">
<div id="arabicrightcolumn">
<h1><a name="top"></a>Catalogue: Alchemy</h1>
<dl>
<dt>
<img src="/share/images99/dot.png" alt="Blue arrow pointing to the right" title="Blue arrow" class="redarrow" /><em>Tafs&#299;r al-Mal&#257;ghim</em> &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="ms">(MS A 33, item 4)</span></dt>
<dd>(<em>Explication of Amalgams</em>)</dd>
<dd><strong>&#1578;&#1601;&#1587;&#1610;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1604;&#1575;&#1594;&#1605;</strong></dd>
<dd>attributed to <a href="bioJ.html#jabir">J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n</a> (8th-9th century)</dd>
<dd><strong>&#1580;&#1575;&#1576;&#1585; &#1575;&#1576;&#1606; &#1581;&#1610;&#1575;&#1606;</strong></dd>
</dl>
<p class="indent">A number of treatises attributed to J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n are concerned with amalgams (Arabic al-mMal&#257;ghim) of metals and other substances, and in particular their combining with mercury. Amongst the collection known as <em>The 112 Books</em>, composed at the end of the 9th century, the 21st and 22nd books were said to be titled <em>Kit&#257;b al-Mal&#257;ghim al-jawwaniyah</em> and <em>al-Mal&#257;ghim al-barraniyah</em> (<em>The Book of Interior Amalgams</em> and <em>The Book of Exterior Amalgams</em>), though no <a href="glossary.html#manuscript">manuscripts</a> known to be preserved today can be definitely aligned with these titles (see <a href="abbreviation.html#kraus">Kraus, <em>Jabir</em></a>, p. 21 nos. 27 and 28). Later Arabic alchemical writers sometimes present extracts from various J&#257;birian treatises on amalgams, but very few complete treatises are preserved today.</p>
<p class="indent">The National Library of Medicine has copies of four distinct treatises concerned with amalgams, and, of these four treatises, three are represented by two copies now at NLM (a copy in MS A 33 and a copy in MS A 91.1). </p>
<p class="indent">One of the three treatises on amalgams preserved in two copies at NLM is: <em>Tafs&#299;r al-Mal&#257;ghim</em> (<em>Explication of Amalgams</em>).</p>
<p class="indent">In addition to the two copies now at NLM, only one other copy is recorded: Tehran, Khaniqah-i Ni'matallah, MS 145, copied in 1834/1250 (see <a href="abbreviation.html#sezginIV">Sezgin, <em>GAS IV,</em></a>, p. 269 no. 24; and Kraus, <em>Jabir</em>, p. 21 no. 28).</p>
<h2><span class="h2blue">Illustrations</span></h2>
<div class="img">
<a href="images2/a33437a.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="images2/a33437a-small.jpg" alt="Folio 37a from MS A 33 which begins the treatise Tafsīr al-Malāghim (Explication of Amalgams) attributed to Jābir ibn Ḥayyān. The thin, ivory paper has vertical laid lines and single chain lines. The paper is damp-stained and darker near the edges, with considerable water-damage at the top inner corner. The text is written in a large naskh tending to taliq script using black ink with headings in a tomato-red. The text area is frame-ruled." title="MS A 33, fol. 37a" /></a>
<div class="desc"><span class="ms">MS A 33, fol. 37a</span>
</div>
</div>
<p class="indent">The opening of a treatise on amalgams (<em>Tafs&#299;r al-Mal&#257;ghim</em>) attributed to J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (8th-9th century). Only two other copies are recorded, one of them also now at NLM (MS A 91.1, item 10). The copy is undated and unsigned, probably of the 17th or 18th century.</p>
<br class="clearboth" />
<h2><span class="h2blue">Physical Description</span></h2>
<p class="indent">Arabic. 11 <a href="glossary.html#leaves">leaves </a>(fols. 37a-47a). <a href="glossary.html#dimensions">Dimensions</a> 21 x 14.8 (text area 15.3 x 7.4) cm; 12 lines per page. The title and author are given at the start of the treatise.</p>
<p class="indent">The copy is undated and unsigned. The appearance of the paper, ink, and script suggests a date of the 17th or 18th century. </p>
<p class="indent">All the items in the volume were copied by the same person. The volume was given the title <em>Majmu&#8216; naf&#299;s al-kimiya&#8217;</em> (<em>A Valuable Collection on Alchemy</em>) on fol. 1b, which is a later title page and table of contents. A modern label on the front paste-down reads: <em>Majmu&#8216;ah: Rasa&#8217;il li-J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n</em> (<em>Collection: Treatises by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n</em>).</p>
<p class="indent">The text is written in a large <a href="glossary.html#naskh">naskh</a> tending to <a href="glossary.html#taliq">ta&#8216;liq</a> script using black ink with headings in a tomato-red. The text area is <a href="glossary.html#frame">frame-ruled</a>. There are <a href="glossary.html#catchword">catchwords</a>.</p>
<p class="indent">There are <a href="glossary.html#marginalia">marginalia</a> in several hands throughout the volume. Some indicate corrections, others (in a very large script) repeat section headings, and some provide brief commentaries. Most of the <a href="glossary.html#folio">folios</a> have been numbered in <a href="glossary.html#arabic">Arabic numerals</a> on the <a href="glossary.html#verso">verso</a>; the volume has been recently <a href="glossary.html#refoliated">refoliated</a> in <a href="glossary.html#western">Western numerals</a>.</p>
<p class="indent">Fols. 2-188 are composed of a thin, ivory paper with vertical laid lines and single chain lines (no watermarks observed). Fols. 189-252 are composed of a slightly thicker and stiffer light-beige paper that also has vertical <a href="glossary.html#laid">laid lines</a> with single <a href="glossary.html#chain">chain lines</a> spaced further apart than in the paper of the first group; there are also evident <a href="glossary.html#watermarks">watermarks</a>. The paper is damp-stained and darker near the edges, with considerable water-damage at the top inner corner. It is also slightly soiled through thumbing. Fol. 1 is a <a href="glossary.html#watermarked">watermarked</a> paper slightly different from the rest of the volume.</p>
<p class="indent">The volume consists of 252 leaves. Fol. 1a is blank; the folio is a later piece of paper on which someone has written a table of contents for the volume on the verso. Fols. 10b, 27a, 48a, and 89b are completely blank. Fol. 121a is blank except for a short Persian later annotation. Fol. 36b was blank, but a Persian note has since been added to it, and fol. 58a was blank until a short note in red ink was added that repeats the title of the previous item. Carefully written Persian notes have been written at the bottom of fols. 47a and 47b. </p>
<p class="indent">Fols. 2a-10a (item 1) contain <em>Kit&#257;b al-Mal&#257;ghim al-awwal</em> by <a href="bioJ.html#jabir">J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n</a> (<a href="alchemy19.html">MS A 33, item 1</a>); fols. 11a-26b (item 2) <em>Kit&#257;b al-Mal&#257;ghim al-th&#257;n&#299;</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy13.html">MS A 33, item 2</a>); fols. 27b-36a (item 3) <em>Kit&#257;b al-Mal&#257;ghim al-th&#257;lith</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy15.html">MS A 33, item 3</a>); fols. 37a-47a (item 4) <em>Tafs&#299;r al-Mal&#257;ghim</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n here catalogued; fols. 48b-57b (item 5) <em>Kit&#257;b al-al-Tad&#257;b&#299;r</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy20.html">MS A 33, item 5</a>); fols. 58b-89a (item 6) <em>Kit&#257;b al-U<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7779;</font>&#363;l</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy30.html">MS A 33, item 6</a>); fols. 90a-120b (item 7) <em>Kit&#257;b al-Sirr al-s&#257;rr wa-sirr al-asr&#257;r</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy37.html">MS A 33, item 7</a>); fols. 121b-147a (item 8) <em>al-Muntakhab min Kit&#257;b al-Itti<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7717;</font>&#257;d</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy40.html">MS A 33, item 8</a>); fols. 147a-161b (item 9) <em>Kit&#257;b al-Sirr al-asr&#257;r</em> by <a href="bioR.html#razi">al-R&#257;z&#299;</a> (<a href="alchemy45.html">MS A 33, item 9</a>); fols. 161b-173b (item 10) <em>Kit&#257;b al-Sirr al-Makn&#363;n</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy32.html">MS A 33, item 10</a>); fols. 174a-185a (item 11) <em>Kit&#257;b al-W&#257;<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7717;</font>id al-awwal wa-al-th&#257;n&#299; wa-al-th&#257;lith</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy26.html">MS A 33, item 11</a>); fols. 185a-211b (item 12) <em>Kit&#257;b al-B&#257;hir</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy27.html">MS A 33, item 12</a>); fols. 212a-217b (item 13) <em>Kit&#257;b al-Kham&#257;'ir al-th&#257;lith</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy23.html">MS A 33, item 13</a>); fols. 217b-229a (item 14) <em>Kit&#257;b Tafs&#299;r al-kham&#257;'ir al-th&#257;lith</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy24.html">MS A 33, item 14</a>); fols. 229b-230b (item 15) <em>Kitab al-Sha&#8216;ar [quotations from]</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy28.html">MS A 33, item 15</a>); fols. 230b-244b (item 16) <em>Kitab al-Khama'ir</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy22.html">MS A 33, item 16</a>); and fols. 244b-252b (item 17) <em>al-Khalis al-mubarak</em> by J&#257;bir ibn <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">&#7716;</font>ayy&#257;n (<a href="alchemy29.html">MS A 33, item 17</a>).</p>
<h2><span class="h2blue">Binding</span></h2>
<p class="indent">The volume is bound in an 18th or 19th -century Persian/Turkish <a href="glossary.html#bindings">binding</a> of brown leather over <a href="glossary.html#pasteboards">pasteboards</a> with an <a href="glossary.html#envelope">envelope flap</a>. Both covers have a blind-stamped large scalloped <a href="glossary.html#mandorla">mandorla</a> panel stamp whose decoration on the inner field has a central flower in full bloom and interweaving vines with full blown and smaller flowers and leaves. There are two small pendants blind-stamped with a single flower-bud. The covers also have <a href="glossary.html#blind">blind-tooled</a> <a href="glossary.html#frames">frames</a> formed of simple <a href="glossary.html#fillet">fillets</a> either side of a narrow <a href="glossary.html#guilloche">guilloche</a> roll. The envelope flap has a similar frame, with the small scalloped panel stamp decorated with a small flower in full bloom surrounded by a scalloped design. The spine, <a href="glossary.html#fore">fore-edge flap</a>, and edges are recently repaired in a darker brown leather. The envelope flap has a yellow-green paper lining. There are modern <a href="glossary.html#pastedowns">pastedowns</a> and <a href="glossary.html#endpapers">endpapers</a> and a recent brown-cloth fore-edge flap lining. </p>
<h2><span class="h2blue">Provenance</span></h2>
<p class="indent">The volume was purchased in 1941 by the Army Medical Library from A. S. Yahuda (ELS No. 1683).</p>
<h2><span class="h2blue">References</span></h2>
<p class="indent"><a href="abbreviation.html#schullian">Schullian/Sommer</a>, <em>Cat. of incun. &amp; MSS.</em>, entry A 33, p. 308.</p>
<p class="psource">NLM Microfilm Reel: FILM 48-118 no. 6.</p>
<br />
<p><a href="#top"><span>Back to Top</span></a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="arabicleftcolumn">
<div class="img">
<a href="welcome.html"><img src="images/welcome.jpg" alt="Welcome" title="Welcome" /></a>
<a href="getstarted.html"><img src="images/gettingstarted.jpg" alt="Getting started" title="Getting Started" /></a>
<a href="med_islam.html"><img src="images/medievalislam.jpg" alt="Medieval Islam" title="Medieval Islam" /></a>
<a href="catalog_tb.html"><img src="images/catalogue.jpg" alt="Catalogue" title="Catalogue" /></a>
<a href="bioA.html"><img src="images/bio-bibliographies.jpg" alt="Bio-bibliographies" title="Bio-bibliographies" /></a>
<a href="glossary.html"><img src="images/glossary.jpg" alt="Glossary" title="Glossary" /></a>
<a href="abbreviation.html"><img src="images/abbreviations.jpg" alt="Abbreviations" title="Abbreviations" /></a>
<a href="credit.html"><img src="images/credits.jpg" alt="Credits" title="Credits" /></a>
<a href="about.html"><img src="images/abouttheauthor.jpg" alt="About the Author" title="About the Author" /></a>
<img src="images/concordances.jpg" alt="Concordances" title="Concordances" usemap="#concordancemap" />
<map name="concordancemap" id="concordancemap">
<area shape="rect" coords="52,19,116,32" href="concordancea1a29.html" alt="A 1 - A 29" title="A 1 - A 29"/>
<area shape="rect" coords="42,35,116,48" href="concordancea30a59.html" alt="A 30 - A 59" title="A 30 - A 59" />
<area shape="rect" coords="41,52,116,64" href="concordancea60a89.html" alt="A 60 - A 89" title="A 60 - A 89" />
<area shape="rect" coords="42,67,116,77" href="concordancea90a92.html" alt="A 90 - A 92" title="A 90 - A 92" />
<area shape="rect" coords="56,84,116,96" href="concordancep1p29.html" alt="P 1 - P 29" title="P 1 - P 29" />
<area shape="rect" coords="6,98,106,143" href="authors.html" alt="Authors, Translators &amp; Commentators" title="Authors, Translators &amp; Commentators" />
<area shape="rect" coords="6,154,82,184" href="copyists.html" alt="Copyists &amp; Illustrators" title="Copyists &amp; Illustrators" />
<area shape="rect" coords="6,195,75,224" href="owners.html" alt="Owners &amp; Patrons" title="Owners &amp; Patrons" />
</map>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <!--body-->
<!-- Start Footer-->
<footer class="usa-footer__primary-section padding-y-5">
<div class="grid-container">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="desktop:grid-col-3 grid-col-6"> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">
<p class="text-white">Connect with NLM</p>
</a>
<ul class="social_media add-list-reset margin-top-1">
<li class="margin-right-05"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" title="External link: please review our privacy policy."><img class="bg-secondary" src="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/images/facebook.svg" alt="Facebook"></a></li>
<li class="margin-right-05"><a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-library-of-medicine-nlm/"><img class="bg-secondary" src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/images/linkedin.svg" alt="LinkedIn"></a></li>
<li class="margin-right-05"><a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH"><img src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/images/twitter.svg" class="img-fluid bg-secondary" alt="Twitter"></a></li>
<li class="margin-right-05"><a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH"><img src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/images/youtube.svg" class="bg-secondary" alt="You Tube"></a></li>
<li class="margin-right-05"><a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNLMOCPL/subscriber/new?preferences=true"><img src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/images/mail.svg" class=" bg-secondary" alt="Government Delivery"></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="desktop:grid-col-3 grid-col-6">
<p class="address_footer text-white"> National Library of Medicine <br>
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white"> 8600 Rockville Pike <br>
Bethesda, MD 20894 </a></p>
</div>
<div class="desktop:grid-col-3 grid-col-6">
<p><a href="/web_policies.html" class="text-white"> Web Policies </a><br>
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white"> FOIA </a><br>
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </p>
</div>
<div class="desktop:grid-col-3 grid-col-6">
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="//support.nlm.nih.gov?from="> NLM Support Center </a> <br>
<a href="/accessibility.html" class="text-white"> Accessibility </a><br>
<a href="/careers/careers.html" class="text-white"> Careers </a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-row margin-top-3">
<div class="grid-col-12">
<p class="text-center text-white"> <a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div> <!--page-->
<script>
$( document ).ready(function() {
$( ".supportLink" ).attr("href", "//support.nlm.nih.gov?from=" + window.location.href);
});
</script>
<script src="/core/nlm-notifyExternal/1.0/nlm-notifyExternal.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>