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<title>Islamic Medical Manuscripts, Adab Literature 3</title>
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<a href="welcome.html"><img src="images/arabicbanner.png" alt="Banner featuring Arabic calligraphy in dark blue ink above the words Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine written in burgundy ink." title="Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine" /></a>
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<h1><a name="top"></a>Catalogue: Adab Literature</h1>
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<dl>
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<dt>
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<a name="a86item5"></a><img src="/share/images99/dot.png" alt="Blue arrow pointing to the right" title="Blue arrow" class="redarrow" />
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<em>Tahdhīb al-akhlāq</em> / <em>Kitāb fī <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">ḥ</font>ifz al-akhlāq wa-al-iktisāb</em> <span class="ms"> (MS A 86, item 5)</span></dt>
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<dd>(<em>The Refinement of Character / Book on the Preservation of Character and the Acquisition of Property</em>)</dd>
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<dd><strong>تهديب الاخلاق</strong> / <strong>كتاب فى حفظ الاخلاق
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والاكتساب</strong></dd>
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<dd>by <a href="bioQ.html#qiwam">Qiwām al-Dīn Mu<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">ḥ</font>ammad al-<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">Ḥ</font>asanī</a> (<a href="glossary.html#fl">fl.</a> 1694-1719/1106-1132)</dd>
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<dd><strong>قوام الدين
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محمد الحسنى</strong></dd>
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</dl>
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<p class="indent">Five Arabic poems by Qiwām al-Dīn Mu<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">ḥ</font>ammad al-<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">Ḥ</font>asanī were collectively titled <em>al-Khamsah al-Qazwiniyah</em> (<em>The Five Qazwini</em> [poems]), a reference to the fact that the author worked in the Persian city of Qazwin. The five poems are concerned with medicine, astronomy, arithmetic, calligraphy, proper conduct. The poem on proper conduct is divided into four chapters (<em>babs</em>).</p>
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<p class="indent">The copy at NLM was copied by a professional <a href="glossary.html#scribe">scribe</a> for the author, whose stamps are in the volume, next to statement that he corrected and <a href="glossary.html#collated">collated</a> (<em>balagha</em>) the volume in the year 1132 [= 1719-1720]. Only one other copy of these five poems is recorded, and it is now in Mosul, in Iraq (Mosul, MS 294; see <a href="abbreviation.html#gals">GAL-S</a>, vol. 1 p. 826).</p>
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<h2><span class="h2blue">Physical Description</span></h2>
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<p class="indent">Arabic. 7 <a href="glossary.html#leaves">leaves</a> (fols. 83a-90b). <a href="glossary.html#dimensions">Dimensions</a> 18.2 x 11.5; text area 13.7 x 8.2 cm; 16 lines per page. The title is given on the title page (fol. 1a) as <em>Tahdhīb al-akhlāq</em> (<em>The Refinement of Character</em>). On fol. 85a, line 15, it is given as <em>Kitāb fī <font face= "Arial Unicode MS">ḥ</font>ifz al-akhlāq wa-al-iktisāb</em> (<em>The Book on the Preservation of Character and the Acquisition of Property</em>).</p>
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<p class="indent">The copy is undated, but was produced between 1700/1112, when the poem on arithmetic was written, and the year 1720/1132, when the author wrote, alongside his stamp, that he corrected the volume.</p>
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<p class="indent">The text is written in a medium-small professional calligraphic <a href="glossary.html#naskh">naskh</a> script, fully <a href="glossary.html#vocalized">vocalized</a>. The text area has been <a href="glossary.html#frame">frame-ruled</a>. There are scattered <a href="glossary.html#marginalia">marginalia</a> and textual corrections. The entire volume was copied by the same <a href="glossary.html#scribe">scribe</a>. The copy was corrected (<em>balagha</em>) by the author himself in the year 1132 [1719-1720], for there are dated notes alongside the author's stamp later in the volume (fols. 72a and 90b).</p>
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<p class="indent">The thin, lightly-glossed, brown paper is now quite discoloured. It is fibrous and has inclusions, with horizontal <a href="glossary.html#laid">laid lines</a> but no <a href="glossary.html#chain">chain lines</a>. It is stained and water damaged near the edges and some <a href="glossary.html#folio">folios</a> have been repaired.</p>
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<p class="indent">The volume consists of 90 leaves. Fols. 46, 47a and 72b are blank. The <a href="C7_C10.html#C9">first item</a> (fols. 1b-45b) is the medical poem; the <a href="mathematics1.html#a86item2">second item</a> (fols. 47b-72a) is a poem on arithmetic; the <a href="astronomy1.html#a86item3">third item</a> (fols. 73a-79a) a poem on the astrolabe; the <a href="crafts1.html#a86item4">fourth item</a> (fols. 79b-83a) a poem on calligraphy; and the final item (fols. 83a-90b) the poem on proper conduct here catalogued.</p>
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<h2><span class="h2blue">Binding</span></h2>
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<p class="indent">The volume is bound in a modern European library <a href="glossary.html#bindings">binding</a> of <a href="glossary.html#pasteboards">pasteboards</a> covered with brown leather. There are modern paper <a href="glossary.html#pastedowns">pastedowns</a> and <a href="glossary.html#endpapers">endpapers</a>.</p>
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<h2><span class="h2blue">Provenance</span></h2>
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<p class="indent">The volume was owned by the author, Qiwām al-Dīn Mu<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">ḥ</font>ammad al-<font face= "Arial Unicode MS">Ḥ</font>asanī, whose stamp appears on fols. 72a and 90b, at the end of the second and fifth poems, alongside a hand written note that he corrected (<em>balagha</em>) the volume in the year 1132 [1719-1720].</p>
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<p class="indent">The volume was purchased in 1941 by the Army Medical Library from A.S. Yahuda (ELS 1738 Med. 50).</p>
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<h2><span class="h2blue">References</span></h2>
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<p class="indent"><a href="abbreviation.html#schullian">Schullian/Sommer</a>, <em>Cat. of incun. & MSS.</em>, p. 326 entry A86, item 5, where it is said that the <a href="glossary.html#manuscript">manuscript</a> is "in the author's own hand."</p>
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<p class="psource">NLM Microfilm Reel: FILM 48-129 no. 3.</p>
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