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<h1><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/index.html">Pick Your Poison</a></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/about/exhibition/index.html"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/logo-exhibitionprogram.png" alt="Exhibition Program" class="logo-ep" /></a>
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<div class="titlebar"><h2>Exhibition:<em> Opium</em></h2> </div>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/index.html">Home</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/exhibition-introduction.html">Introduction</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/exhibition-tobacco.html">Tobacco</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/exhibition-alcohol.html">Alcohol</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/exhibition-opium.html">Opium</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/exhibition-cocaine.html">Cocaine</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/education/related-resources.html">Related Resources at NLM</a></li>
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<li class="introduction"><a href="exhibition-introduction.html">Introduction</a></li>
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<li class="tobacco"><a href="exhibition-tobacco.html">Tobacco</a></li>
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<li class="alcohol"><a href="exhibition-alcohol.html">Alcohol</a></li>
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<li class="opium"><a href="exhibition-opium.html" class="on">Opium</a></li>
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<li class="cocaine"><a href="exhibition-cocaine.html">Cocaine</a></li>
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<h3>From the <strong>Digital Gallery</strong></h3>
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<img src="digitalgallery/img/Gibbons-101181562-callout.jpg" alt="Picture of a title page from a book." />
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<p><em>Letheomania: the result of the hypodermic injection of morphia</em></p>
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<a href="digitalgallery/detail-Gibbons-101181562.html">View Details</a>
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<a href="digitalgallery/index.html">Browse the <span>Digital Gallery</span></a>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB2132-thumb.jpg" alt="Scientific drawing of the plant Papaver somniferum (opium)." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB1943-thumb.jpg" alt="Photograph of a bottle containing morphine." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB1987-thumb.jpg" alt="Photograph of a syringe and case of morphine." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB1973-thumb.jpg" alt="Advertisements showing a woman administer medicine to a baby while two children look on." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-10380-thumb.jpg" alt="Four Chinese men in traditional dress smoke opium on a bench" /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB2065-thumb.jpg" alt="Illustration of an opium den." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB10382-thumb.jpg" alt="A group of people lounging in various states of intoxication while a Chinese man serving them opium" /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB2075-thumb.jpg" alt="Photograph of an Opium pipe, metal and glass lamp, scale and weigh" /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB1977-thumb.jpg" alt="Advertisement of a police raid on an opium den." /></li>
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<span class="h">1/1</span>
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<div class="photo"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB2132.jpg" alt="Scientific drawing of the plant Papaver somniferum (opium)." /></div>
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<div>
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<h3><strong><em>Fig. 874—Papaver somniferum in Dennis Emerson Jackson,</em></strong> <em>Experimental Pharmacology and Materia Medica,</em> 1939</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-opium-botanical.png" width="62" height="54" alt="botanical icon" />BOTANICAL, <em>Papaver somniferum</em></p>
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<p>As pharmacology professor Dr. Dennis Jackson noted in his guide to medicinal drugs, the pain-relieving properties of opium had been known for centuries. In America, the drug was first used for the treatment of sleeplessness and illnesses such as coughs, smallpox, cholera, malaria, syphilis, dysentery, and tuberculosis.
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</p>
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<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
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<div class="transcript">
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<p>Fig. 874- Papaver somniferum (see legends on opposite page) Fig. 875.- Strychnos nux-vomica</p>
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<div class="photo">
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB1943.jpg" alt="Photograph of a bottle containing morphine." />
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<div>
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<h3><strong>Coryza Bell morphine tablets, </strong> Hollings-Smith Co.</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Museum of American History</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-opium-curative.png" width="62" height="54" alt="curative icon" />CURATIVE, Pain Relief</p>
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<p>Morphine was isolated from opium in 1805, and American physicians began widely prescribing the drug in the 1860s, distributing pills and powders among Civil War soldiers and veterans, and injecting middle and upper-class women for the treatment of so-called “female troubles” such as nervousness and lethargy.
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</p>
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<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
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<div class="transcript">
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<p>CORYZA BELL <br>
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MORPHINE 2–1/4 GRAINS TO THE OUNCE.<br>
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Hollings-Smith Co<br>
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(Sole successor to Bell & Co., Inc. in this preparation.)<br>
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Manufacturing Chemists<br>
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Orangeburg, New York, U.S.A
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="photo">
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB1987.jpg" alt="Photograph of a syringe and case of morphine." />
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</div>
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<div>
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<h3><strong>Physician’s hypodermic needle kit with morphine, </strong> Parke, Davis & Co., 1908–1918</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Museum of American History</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-opium-curative.png" width="62" height="54" alt="curative icon" />CURATIVE, Pain Relief</p>
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<p>Morphine was isolated from opium in 1805, and American physicians began widely prescribing the drug in the 1860s, distributing pills and powders among Civil War soldiers and veterans, and injecting middle and upper-class women for the treatment of so-called “female troubles” such as nervousness and lethargy.
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="transcript">
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<p>No. 2<br>
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HYPODERMATIC CASE WITH SYRINGE<br>
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PARKE, DAVIS & CO., Detroit, Mich. U.S.A<br>
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NITROGLYCERIN AND STRYCHNINE<br>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="photo">
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB1973.jpg" alt="Advertisements showing a woman administer medicine to a baby while two children look on." />
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</div>
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<div>
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<h3><strong>Advertisement for a children's remedy containing morphine for the pain of teething, </strong> ca. 1880</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-opium-market.png" width="62" height="54" alt="market icon" />MARKET, “Miracle Cure”</p>
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<p>By 1905, Americans were spending millions of dollars on patent medicines that promised miracle cures. The often secret ingredients of those supposed remedies included cocaine, opium, and alcohol. Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup contained morphine and was marketed to mothers to help soothe their babies discomfort when teething.</p>
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<ul>
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<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="transcript">
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<p>MRS WINSLOW’S SOOTHING SYRUP<br>
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THE MOTHER’S FRIEND FOR CHILDREN TEETHING
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<li>
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<div class="photo">
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-10380.jpg" alt="Four Chinese men in traditional dress smoke opium on a bench." />
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</div>
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<div>
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<h3><strong>Opium smoking party, </strong> 1882</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-opium-consumer.png" width="62" height="54" alt="consumer icon" />CONSUMER, Smoking Dens</p>
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<p>In the 1870s, Chinese immigrants introduced opium smoking to American cities, and the habit spread to the urban underclass. Unlike consumers of patent medicines, who could indulge discreetly in private, smokers relied on opium dens for the purchase and pipe-smoking of warmed opium pills.
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</p>
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</div>
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<li>
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<div class="photo">
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB2065.jpg" alt="Illustration of an opium den." />
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</div>
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<div>
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<h3><strong>Winslow Homer, “The Chinese in New York—scene in a Baxter Street Club-House,” </strong> <em>Harpers Weekly</em>, 1874</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-opium-consumer.png" width="62" height="54" alt="consumer icon" />CONSUMER, Smoking Dens</p>
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<p>In the 1870s, Chinese immigrants introduced opium smoking to American cities, and the habit spread to the urban underclass. Unlike consumers of patent medicines, who could indulge discreetly in private, smokers relied on opium dens for the purchase and pipe-smoking of warmed opium pills.
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</p>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div class="photo">
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB10382.jpg" alt="A group of people lounging in various states of intoxication while a Chinese man serving them opium." />
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</div>
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<div>
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<h3><strong>J. W. Alexander, “American Opium-Smokers: Interior of a New York Opium Den,” </strong><em>Harpers Weekly</em>, 1881</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p><p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-opium-consumer.png" width="62" height="54" alt="consumer icon" />CONSUMER, Smoking Dens</p>
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<p>In the 1870s, Chinese immigrants introduced opium smoking to American cities, and the habit spread to the urban underclass. Unlike consumers of patent medicines, who could indulge discreetly in private, smokers relied on opium dens for the purchase and pipe-smoking of warmed opium pills.
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</p>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div class="photo"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB2075.jpg" alt="Photograph of an Opium pipe, metal and glass lamp, scale and weigh." /></div>
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<div>
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<h3><strong>Opium lamp, pipe and bowl for smoking opium, the technique preferred by Chinese immigrants, and a scale used for weighing the drug</strong></h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Museum of American History</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-opium-consumer.png" width="62" height="54" alt="consumer icon" />CONSUMER, Smoking Dens</p>
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<p>In the 1870s, Chinese immigrants introduced opium smoking to American cities, and the habit spread to the urban underclass. Unlike consumers of patent medicines, who could indulge discreetly in private, smokers relied on opium dens for the purchase and pipe-smoking of warmed opium pills.
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</p>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div class="photo">
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB1977.jpg" alt="Advertisement of a police raid on an opium den." />
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</div>
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<div>
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<h3><strong>Advertisement for King of the Opium Ring, showing raid on an “opium den,” </strong>1899</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy Library of Congress</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-opium-prohibitive.png" width="62" height="54" alt="consumer icon" />PROHIBITIVE, Chinatown Raid</p>
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<p>As panic about the drug’s effects rose, reformers argued that opium addiction was rapidly increasing. Yet, usage had begun to decline at the turn of the 20th century. Reformers singled out the Chinese and lobbied for new laws and police raids to crack down on “opium dens” in Chinatown districts.</p>
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<ul>
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<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="transcript">
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<p>KING OF THE OPIUM RING<br>
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BIG SCENIC SENSATION<br>
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BY CHAS. E. BLANEY & CHAS. A. TAYLOR.<br>
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—POLICE RAIDING AN OPIUM JOINT—
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<div class="overview">
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<p>The pain-relieving properties of opium had been known for centuries when the drug was first used in America for the treatment of sleeplessness and illnesses such as coughs, smallpox, cholera, malaria, syphilis, dysentery, and tuberculosis. By the 19th century, many doctors believed so fervently in the benefits of opium use that that they personally indulged in the habit. The enthusiasm for medical treatments created many addicts among doctors and their patients, yet reformers’ efforts to restrict opium use focused on Chinese immigrants and the practice of opium smoking that they had introduced to America.
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