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<h1><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/index.html">Pick Your Poison</a></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/about/exhibition/index.html"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/logo-exhibitionprogram.png" alt="Exhibition Program" class="logo-ep" /></a>
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<div class="titlebar"><h2>Exhibition: <em>Cocaine</em></h2></div>
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<p><em>A dictionary of treatment, or, Therapeutic index, including medical and surgical therapeutics</em></p>
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<a href="digitalgallery/detail-Whitla-33020940R.html">View Details</a>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB2133-thumb.jpg" alt="Scientific drawing of the plant Erythroxylon coca (coca(." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB2053-thumb.jpg" alt="Photograph of a bottle with coca extract." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB2033-thumb.jpg" alt="Advertisement with two children playing with sticks in front of a white fence." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB2005-thumb.jpg" alt="Advertisement with illustration of a woman in a yellow dress dancing while pouring a drink." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB1979-thumb.jpg" alt="Advertisement for wholesale coca drinks" /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB1978-thumb.jpg" alt="Woman with large feathered hat sipping on a glass of 5 cent Coca-Cola with yellow roses next to her" /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB1949-thumb.jpg" alt="Photograph of two glasses with “Drink Coca-Cola” etched on them." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB10378-thumb.jpg" alt="Three native Columbians in traditional dress sitting chewing coca leaves" /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB10381-thumb.jpg" alt="Graffiti of snake chasing figures at the top, with CRACK IS WACK written in the middle, and figures dancing at the base." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB1952-thumb.jpg" alt="Photograph of a cigarette box with two glass pipes for smoking crack."/></li>
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB2133.jpg" alt="Scientific drawing of the plant Erythroxylon coca (coca(." width="493" height="349" />
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<h3><strong><em>Erythroxylon coca</em> in William Martindale,</strong> <em>Coca and Cocaine: Their History and Medical and Economic Uses, and Medicinal Preparations</em>, 1892</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-cocaine-botanical.png" width="62" height="54" alt="botanical icon" />BOTANICAL, <em>Erythroxylon coca</em></p>
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<p>In 1860, the alkaloid cocaine was isolated from coca leaves. English pharmacist William Martindale published his study on coca in response to contemporary medical interest in the use of cocaine. He noted the history of the use of coca leaves among South American Indians who chewed the leaves to stave off hunger and exhaustion.</p>
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<ul>
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<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
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<div class="transcript">
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<p>1._ ERYTHOXYLON COCA<br>
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2._ BACK OF LEAF (full size…<br>
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3._FLOWER (enlarged)<br>
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4._ FRUIT
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB2053.jpg" alt="Photograph of a bottle with coca extract." />
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</div>
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<div>
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<h3><strong>Fluid Extract Coca for medicinal use,</strong> ca. 1910</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Museum of American History</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-cocaine-curative.png" width="62" height="54" alt="curative icon" />CURATIVE, Medical Marvel</p>
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<p>Cocaine was a breakthrough medical drug because of its application as a local anesthetic. By preventing pain even when the patient was awake, it made some types of surgery possible. Yet, physicians had begun to report on the drug’s tendency to create a habit, in which patients craved repeated doses.
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</p>
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<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
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<div class="transcript">
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<p>Fluid Extract<br>
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COCA<br>
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ERYTHOXYLON COCA, U.S.P.<br>
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ALCOHOL 45 PER CENT<br>
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.5 per cent Ether- Soluble Alkaloids<br>
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Synonym- Erythroxylon<br>
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Habitat- South America<br>
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Part employed- Leaves<br>
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Properties-Invigorator, nerve stimulant, tonic<br>
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Indications- Hysteria, melancholia, …urasthenia<br>
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Dose- From 1 to 2 fluidrams<br>
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A.D.S<br>
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Guaranteed by the American Druggist Syndicate<br>
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Under the Food and Drugs Act. June 30, 1906 Serial No 121…<br>
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American Druggist Syndicate<br>
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Laboritories<br>
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Long Island City Greater New York</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div class="photo">
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB2033.jpg" alt="Advertisement with two children playing with sticks in front of a white fence." />
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</div>
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<div>
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<h3><strong>Advertisement for medicinal drops to relieve toothache,</strong> Lloyd Manufacturing Co., 1885</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-cocaine-market.png" width="62" height="54" alt="market icon" />MARKET, Instantaneous Cure!</p>
|
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<p>Before the 20th century, regulations did not require manufacturers of ready-made remedies to list ingredients in their medicines. Perhaps taking advantage of the popularity of the drug, Lloyd Manufacturing did advertise the cocaine in their toothache drops. The promised instantaneous relief was likely provided by the anesthetic properties of cocaine.
|
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
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</ul>
|
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<div class="transcript">
|
|
<p>COCAINE TOOTHACHE DROPS<br>
|
|
Instantaneous Cure!<br>
|
|
PRICE 15 CENTS.<br>
|
|
Prepared by the LLOYD MANUFACTURING CO.<br>
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|
219 HUDSON AVE., ALBANY, N.Y.<br>
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For sale by all Druggists.<br>
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(Registered March 1885.)<br>
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See other side.
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div class="photo">
|
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB2005.jpg" alt="Advertisement with illustration of a woman in a yellow dress dancing while pouring a drink." />
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</div>
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<div>
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<h3><strong>Jules Chéret, lithographer, advertisement for Vin Mariani, </strong> 1894 (reproduction 1981)</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-cocaine-market.png" width="62" height="54" alt="market icon" />MARKET, Tonic Wine</p>
|
|
<p>In the late 19th century, the typical cocaine user was a professional man who had been prescribed the drug or a physician administering his own doses. Coca wine was the most popular way to consume cocaine. Vin Mariani was the first coca wine product sold, and for a while, the most successful.
|
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="transcript">
|
|
<p>VIN MARIANI<br>
|
|
POPULAR FRENCH TONIC WINE<br>
|
|
Fortifies and Refreshes Body & Brian <br>
|
|
Restores Health and Vitality
|
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div class="photo">
|
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB1979.jpg" alt="Advertisement for wholesale coca drinks." />
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</div>
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<div>
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<h3><strong>Advertisement for Vin Mariani in the<em> Provincial Medical Journal</em>, </strong> 1890</h3>
|
|
<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
|
|
<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-cocaine-market.png" width="62" height="54" alt="market icon" />MARKET, Tonic Wine</p>
|
|
<p>In the late 19th century, the typical cocaine user was a professional man who had been prescribed the drug or a physician administering his own doses. Coca wine was the most popular way to consume cocaine. Vin Mariani was the first coca wine product sold, and for a while, the most successful.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
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<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="transcript">
|
|
<p>NOV. 1, 1890 <br>
|
|
THE PROVINCIAL MEDICAL JOURNAL<br>
|
|
VIN MARIANI<br>
|
|
(ERYTHROXYLON COCA.)</p>
|
|
<p>“VIN MARIANI” has been introduced strictly through the Medical Profession. The written opinions, contained in letters addressed to M. MARIANI, copies of which can be seen at either Depot, of over 2000 Physicians, may be summarized thus:-</p>
|
|
<p>“VIN MARIANI” nourishes, strengthens, sustains and refreshes; is very palatable, and may be borne by the most enfeebled Stomach; never produces constipation, but, on the contrary, aids digestion and assimilation removing fatigue and improving the appetite.</p>
|
|
<p>“VIN MARIANI” is well adapted for Children, persons in delicate health and convalescents, as it sustains life for a long period and nourishes without any other food or drink.</p>
|
|
<p>“VIN MARIANI” supplies exactly what Physicians have so long felt the need of in their practice, a perfectly reliable, diffusible tonic and stimulant, and strengthener of the entire system.</p>
|
|
<p>“VIN MARIANI” is given successfully as a tonic and stimulant in the treatment of Anaemia, Pulmonary Troubles, Laryngeal and Gastric Complications, Asthma, Lymphatism, Sequelae of Childbirth, Brain Exhaustion, Nervous Depression, Dyspepsia, Tardy Convalescence, Blood Impoverishment, after Wasting Fevers, and General Debility.</p>
|
|
<p>Price 4/- per Bottle; or 45/- per Dozen. The Medical Profession, Clergymen and Vocalists, either for their own use or for experimenting, can, upon enclosing their Card and P.O.O. to either of the London Wholesale Depots, have delivered them Free to Address, any quantity at the Professional Price of 42/- per dozen.</p>
|
|
<p>London Wholesale Depots – GABRIEL JOZEAU, 49, Haymarket; WILCOX & Co., 239, Oxford Street.<br>
|
|
Retail through any Chemist in the United Kingdom.<br>
|
|
PARIS-41, Boulevard Haussmann. NEW YORK-52, West 15th Street.
|
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</p>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div class="photo"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB1978.jpg" alt="Woman with large feathered hat sipping on a glass of 5 cent Coca-Cola with yellow roses next to her." /></div>
|
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<div>
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<h3><strong>Advertisement for Coca-Cola, </strong> 1890s</h3>
|
|
<p class="courtesy">Courtesy Library of Congress</p>
|
|
<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-cocaine-market.png" width="62" height="54" alt="market icon" />MARKET, Popular Refreshment</p>
|
|
<p>The coca wine Vin Mariani was overtaken in popularity by Coca-Cola. Pharmacist John Pemberton created the drink as a non-alcoholic alternative to his Peruvian Wine Coca, after prohibition was adopted in Atlanta in 1886. By the 1890s the drink had become so popular that numerous imitations, with names alluding to their coca content—such as Koke, Cafe-Cola, and Kos-Kola—flooded the market. </p>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li>
|
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<div class="photo">
|
|
<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB1949.jpg" alt="Photograph of two glasses with “Drink Coca-Cola” etched on them." />
|
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</div>
|
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<div>
|
|
<h3><strong>Coca-Cola glasses </strong> </h3>
|
|
<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Museum of American History</p>
|
|
<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-cocaine-market.png" width="62" height="54" alt="market icon" />MARKET, Popular Refreshment</p>
|
|
<p>The coca wine Vin Mariani was overtaken in popularity by Coca-Cola. Pharmacist John Pemberton created the drink as a non-alcoholic alternative to his Peruvian Wine Coca, after prohibition was adopted in Atlanta in 1886. By the 1890s the drink had become so popular that numerous imitations, with names alluding to their coca content—such as Koke, Cafe-Cola, and Kos-Kola—flooded the market. </p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<div class="transcript">
|
|
<p>DRINK COCA-COLA<br>
|
|
DRINK COCA-COLA
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<div class="photo">
|
|
<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB10378.jpg" alt="Three native Columbians in traditional dress sitting chewing coca leaves." />
|
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</div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<h3><strong>“Natives of Columbia chewing coca” from Angelo Mariani, </strong><em> COCA and its Therapeutic Application</em>, 1896</h3>
|
|
<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
|
|
|
|
<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-cocaine-consumer.png" width="62" height="54" alt="consumer icon" />CONSUMER, Coca Custom</p>
|
|
<p>South American Indians chewed coca leaves to stave off hunger and exhaustion. Waterfront laborers first sniffed cocaine in its powdered form to sustain their energy during long shifts loading and unloading ships. Employers distributed cocaine to miners, workers on plantations, construction crews, and factory employees, as a way to increase productivity.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<div class="photo">
|
|
<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB10381.jpg" alt="Graffiti of snake chasing figures at the top, with CRACK IS WACK written in the middle, and figures dancing at the base." />
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<h3><strong><em>Crack is Wack</em> playground mural, </strong>Keith Haring, 1986 </h3>
|
|
<p class="courtesy">Courtesy © Keith Haring Foundation and Jonathan Kuhn/New York City Parks & Recreation</p>
|
|
<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-cocaine-prohibitive.png" width="62" height="54" alt="prohibitive icon" />PROHIBITIVE, Crack is Wack</p>
|
|
<p>In the 1980s, a smokeable form of cocaine, known as crack, gained notoriety. While rival gangs fought violently for control of the illicit market, sensational media coverage blamed a crack epidemic for a rise in crime. The ensuing panic led to long prison sentences for users as well as dealers.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<div class="photo">
|
|
<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB1952.jpg" alt="Photograph of a cigarette box with two glass pipes for smoking crack." />
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<h3><strong>Crack, and pipes for smoking it, </strong>found in a cigarette box outside a drug and alcohol rehabilitation center, late 20th century </h3>
|
|
<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Museum of American History</p>
|
|
<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-cocaine-prohibitive.png" width="62" height="54" alt="prohibitive icon" />PROHIBITIVE, Crack is Wack</p>
|
|
<p>In the 1980s, a smokeable form of cocaine, known as crack, gained notoriety. While rival gangs fought violently for control of the illicit market, sensational media coverage blamed a crack epidemic for a rise in crime. The ensuing panic led to long prison sentences for users as well as dealers.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<div class="transcript">
|
|
<p>Basic<br>
|
|
FULL FLAVOR 100’S<br>
|
|
20 CLASS A CIGARETTES<br>
|
|
SURGEON GENERAL’S WARNING: Smoking By Pregnant Women May Result in Fetal Injury, Premature Birth, And Low Birth Weight.
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="overview">
|
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|
|
<p>In the late 19th century, physicians recommended cocaine for the treatment of hay fever, asthma, and melancholy, and as a cure for alcoholism and opiate addiction. At this time, the typical cocaine user was a professional man who had been prescribed the drug or a physician administering his own doses. Widespread use of the drug soon demonstrated the addictive potential of the substance. Nevertheless, cocaine’s low cost made it popular among poorer groups and young people in saloons and dance halls. This association with thrill-seekers and poor laborers fuelled successive waves of panic about the drug during the 20th century.
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