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<h1><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/index.html">Pick Your Poison</a></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/about/exhibition/index.html"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/logo-exhibitionprogram.png" alt="Exhibition Program" class="logo-ep" /></a>
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<div class="titlebar"><h2>Exhibition: <em>Alcohol</em></h2></div>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/index.html">Home</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/exhibition.html" class="on">Exhibition</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/exhibition-introduction.html">Introduction</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/exhibition-tobacco.html">Tobacco</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/exhibition-alcohol.html">Alcohol</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/exhibition-opium.html">Opium</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/exhibition-cocaine.html">Cocaine</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/exhibition-marijuana.html">Marijuana</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/education/index.html">Education</a>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/education/index.html?data-nav=LessonPlans">Lesson Plans</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/education/index.html?data-nav=OtherResources">Other Resources</a></li>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/education/related-resources.html">Related Resources at NLM</a></li>
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<li class="introduction"><a href="exhibition-introduction.html">Introduction</a></li>
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<li class="tobacco"><a href="exhibition-tobacco.html">Tobacco</a></li>
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<li class="alcohol"><a href="exhibition-alcohol.html" class="on">Alcohol</a></li>
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<li class="opium"><a href="exhibition-opium.html">Opium</a></li>
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<li class="cocaine"><a href="exhibition-cocaine.html">Cocaine</a></li>
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<li class="marijuana"><a href="exhibition-marijuana.html">Marijuana</a></li>
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<h3>From the <strong>Digital Gallery</strong></h3>
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<div class="item">
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<img src="digitalgallery/img/Rush-2569022R-callout.jpg" alt="Picture of a title page from a book." />
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<p><em>An inquiry into the effects of spirituous liquors on the human body: to which is added, a moral and physical thermometer</em></p>
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<a href="digitalgallery/detail-Rush-2569022R.html">View Details</a>
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<a href="digitalgallery/index.html">Browse the <span>Digital Gallery</span></a>
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<ul class="thumbs">
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-C03240-thumb.jpg" alt="Scientific drawing of the plant Vitis Vinifera (grape vine)" /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-10376-thumb.jpg" alt="Civil war soldiers in winter are standing drinking from a barrel whiskey and quinine" /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB1964-thumb.jpg" alt="A graph labeling wellness and vice based on alcohol consumption." /></li>
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||
<li><img src="img/exhibition-A028822-thumb.jpg" alt="A man is laying down while being fed a drink by a woman in the middle of a junglescape" /></li>
|
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-A028434-thumb.jpg" alt="Bayou scene with a log cabin while an alligator and 2 toads sip from a glass bottle." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB10377-thumb.jpg" alt="Woman sitting in café pouring alcohol into her glass from a hollowed out cane." /></li>
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<li><img src="img/exhibition-OB1969-thumb.jpg" alt="Black and white photograph of police officers overseeing the pouring out of alcohol." /></li>
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</ul>
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<span class="h">1/1</span>
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<a href="#" class="p">Previous</a>
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<a href="#" class="n">Next</a>
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<li>
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<div class="photo">
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<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-C03240.jpg" alt="Scientific drawing of the plant Vitis Vinifera (grape vine)" />
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</div>
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<div>
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||
<h3><strong><em>Vitus vinifera</em> from William Woodville,</strong> <em>Medical botany: containing systematic and general descriptions, </em>1832 </h3>
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||
<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
|
||
<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-alcohol-botanical.png" width="62" height="54" alt="botanical icon" />BOTANICAL, <em>Vitus vinifera</em></p>
|
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<ul>
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<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="transcript">
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<p>57 Vitus Vinifera Published by Phillipe…</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li>
|
||
<div class="photo">
|
||
<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-10376.jpg" alt="Civil war soldiers in winter are standing drinking from a barrel whiskey and quinine." />
|
||
</div>
|
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<div>
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<h3><strong>A. W. Warren, “Before Petersburg—Issuing Rations of Whisky and Quinine,” </strong> <em>Harper’s Weekly</em>, 1865</h3>
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<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-alcohol-curative.png" width="62" height="54" alt="curative icon" />CURATIVE, Whiskey Cure</p>
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<p>During the 1800s, many physicians endorsed the medicinal properties of wine, beer, and liquor as a treatment for malaria, to improve overall feelings of well-being, and to retain youthful vigor, if taken in specific doses for certain disorders. During the Civil War, military leaders issued whisky and quinine to soldiers.</p>
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</div>
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</li>
|
||
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||
<li>
|
||
<div class="photo"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB1964.jpg" alt="BA graph labeling wellness and vice based on alcohol consumption." /></div>
|
||
|
||
<div>
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<h3><strong>“A Moral and Physical Thermometer” in Benjamin Rush, </strong> <em>An Inquiry into the Effects of Ardent Spirits upon the Human Body and Mind</em>, 1784 </h3>
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||
<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
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<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-alcohol-curative.png" width="62" height="54" alt="curative icon" />CURATIVE, Risky Remedy</p>
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<p>Dr. Benjamin Rush, a prominent physician and signer of the Declaration of Independence, was so concerned about the dangers of alcohol that he predicted great risk to the future of the new republic caused by drunken voters.</p>
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||
<ul>
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<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="transcript">
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||
<p>A MORAL AND PHYSICAL THERMOMETER<br>
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A scale of the progress of Temperance and Intemperance. – Liquors with effects in their usual order.<br>
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TEMPERANCE.<br>
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Health and Wealth.<br>
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70,60,50,40,30,20,10,0<br>
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Water, Milk and Water, Small Beer, Cider and Perry, Wine, Porter, Strong Beer,
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Serenity of Mind, Reputation, Long Life, and Happiness.<br>
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Cheerfulness, Strength, and Nourishment, when taken only small quantities, and at meals.<br>
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0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70<br>
|
||
Punch, Toddy and Egg Run, Grog- Brandy and Water,<br>
|
||
Flip and Shrub, Butters infused in Spirits and Cordials.<br>
|
||
Drams of Gin, Brandy and Run, in the morning,<br>
|
||
The same morning and evening, The same during the day and night<br>
|
||
VICES.<br>
|
||
Idleness, Gaming, Peevishness, Quarrelling, Fighting, Horse Racing, Lying and Swearing, Stealing and Swindling, Perjury, Burglary, Murder,<br>
|
||
DISEASES.<br>
|
||
Sickness, Tremors of the hands in the morning, puking, bloatedness, Inflamed eyes, red nose and face, Sore and swelled legs, jaundice, Pains in the hands, burning in the hands and feet, Dropsy, Epilepsy, Melancholy, palsy, apoplexy for Life, Madness, Despair,<br>
|
||
PUNISHMENTS.<br>
|
||
Debt. Jail. Black Eyes and Rags. Hospital or Poor House. Bridewell. State Prison. GALLOWS.
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<div class="photo">
|
||
<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-A028822.jpg" alt="A man is laying down while being fed a drink by a woman in the middle of a junglescape." width="493" height="349" />
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h3><strong>“Ayer's Ague Cure is Warranted to Cure Fever & Ague and All Malarial Disorders,” </strong> 1800s</h3>
|
||
<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
|
||
<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-alcohol-market.png" width="62" height="54" alt="market icon" />MARKET, Peddling Miracles</p>
|
||
<p>Manufacturers of patent medicines, which were sold directly to the public without a physician’s prescription, realized the popularity of alcohol-based remedies. J. C. Ayer marketed a number of different tonics that included alcohol for a variety of ailments, including the Ayer’s Ague Cure for malaria.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="transcript">
|
||
<p>Ayer’s Ague Cure is Warranted to Cure Fever & Ague and All Malarial Disorders</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<div class="photo">
|
||
<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-A028434.jpg" alt="Bayou scene with a log cabin while an alligator and 2 toads sip from a glass bottle." />
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h3><strong>“Ayer's Ague Cure is Warranted to Cure Fever & Ague and All Malarial Disorders,” </strong> 1800s</h3>
|
||
<p class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
|
||
<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-alcohol-market.png" width="62" height="54" alt="market icon" />MARKET, Peddling Miracles</p>
|
||
<p>Manufacturers of patent medicines, which were sold directly to the public without a physician’s prescription, realized the popularity of alcohol-based remedies. J. C. Ayer marketed a number of different tonics that included alcohol for a variety of ailments, including the Ayer’s Ague Cure for malaria.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="transcript"><a href="#">Read Transcript</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="transcript">
|
||
<p>Ayer’s Ague Cure is Warranted to Cure All Malarial Disorders<br>
|
||
Prepared by Dr. J.C. Ayer & CO. Lowell Mass.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<div class="photo">
|
||
<img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB10377.jpg" alt="Woman sitting in café pouring alcohol into her glass from a hollowed out cane." />
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h3><strong>During Prohibition, a woman smuggles a personal serving of “giggle water” or alcohol in a hollow cane to add to her drink,</strong> 1922</h3>
|
||
<p class="courtesy">Courtesy Library of Congress</p>
|
||
<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-alcohol-consumer.png" width="62" height="54" alt="consumer icon" />CONSUMER, Revelry</p>
|
||
<p>Men and women, and all classes of people have imbibed to celebrate events such as the completion of a town hall or church, to greet the arrival of visitors, or to relieve stress. Some would go to extra lengths to enjoy their drink.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<div class="photo"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-OB1969.jpg" alt="Black and white photograph of police officers overseeing the pouring out of alcohol." /></div>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h3><strong>Agents pour liquor into a New York City sewer following a raid during Prohibition,</strong> ca. 1921</h3>
|
||
<p class="courtesy">Courtesy Library of Congress</p>
|
||
<p class="category"><img src="/exhibition/pickyourpoison/img/exhibition-icon-alcohol-prohibitive.png" width="62" height="54" alt="prohibitive icon" />PROHIBITIVE, Wet vs Dry</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The temperance movement was fueled by moral concerns over the perils of alcohol consumption as well as anti-immigrant anxieties about drinking among Irish tavern-goers, German brewers, and others. After decades of debate, the government introduced national prohibition in 1919. The law proved impossible to enforce and was repealed in 1933.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<div class="overview">
|
||
|
||
<p>In colonial America, home-brewed beer was popular among farmers and the working class and
|
||
came to accompany a wide range of special events. Many physicians were enthusiastic about the
|
||
medicinal properties of alcohol. As critics began to note the deleterious effects of frequent
|
||
indulgence, reformers lobbied for tighter restrictions on the sale and purchase of alcoholic
|
||
beverages. When prohibition outlawed alcohol manufacture and consumption, physicians
|
||
retained the right to administer it by medical prescription.
|
||
</p>
|
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