publicdata/nih-gov
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions
nih-gov/www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/outsideinside/collection-detail.html?imgid=18&imgName=OB12478-md
Scott Williams 7bcb500d37 Initial commit.
2025-02-26 13:17:41 -05:00

1806 lines
61 KiB
Text
Raw Permalink Blame History

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta name="description" property="og:description" content="This exhibition from the National Library of Medicine explores immigrant and migrant health since the late 1800s.">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="This exhibition from the National Library of Medicine explores immigrant and migrant health since the late 1800s.">
<meta name="title" property="og:title" content="Outside / Inside: ">
<meta name="type" property="og:type" content="website">
<meta name="image" property="og:image" content="/hmd/images/twittercards/EP_OI_ExhMain.jpg">
<meta name="image:alt" property="og:image:alt" content="Black and white image of a group of women and children.">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@NLM_NIH">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Outside / Inside: ">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="/hmd/images/twittercards/EP_OI_ExhMain.jpg">
<meta name="twitter:image:alt" content ="Black and white image of a group of women and children.">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1">
<link href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/styles/normalize.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/styles/master_rwd.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" />
<link href="../wrapper_styles/wrapper.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" />
<link href="styles/base.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles/slick.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles/slick-theme.css" />
<style>
.social_media img {
height: 35px;
margin-right: 6px;
padding: 4px;
background-color: #edf2f7;}
</style>
<title>Outside / Inside: </title>
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" title="The Dublin Core metadata Element Set" />
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Outside / Inside: " />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="U.S. National Library of Medicine" />
<meta name="DC.Date.Issued" content="2017-12-19" />
<meta name="DC.Date.Modified" content="2021-01-26" />
<meta name="NLMDC.Date.LastReviewed" content="2021-01-26" />
<meta name="NLM.Contact.Email" content="hmdweb@nlm.nih.gov" />
<meta name="DC.Type" content="Exhibitions" />
<meta name="NLM.Permanence.Level" content="Permanence Not Guaranteed" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Public Domain" />
<meta name="DC.Language" content="eng" />
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MT6MLL');</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
</head>
<body class="exhibition detail no-js">
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MT6MLL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="googletagmanager"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<div id="wrapper-fluid">
<div id="container-fluid">
<header>
<div class="branding">
<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov"><img alt="U.S. National Institutes of Health" src="../wrapper_images/nihlogo.png"></a>
</div>
<div class="title"> <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov">National Library of Medicine</a></div>
</header>
<!--Main Body-->
<div id="main-body">
<!-- BEGIN CONTENT -->
<header id="page_header">
<a class="menu-toggle hide-on-desktop" href="#page_footer" onclick="fn_ToggleMenu(this);">
Menu
</a>
<nav id="global_nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="collection.html">Exhibition Collection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://digitalgallery.nlm.nih.gov/gallery/9/" class="digital">Digital Gallery</a></li>
<li>
<a href="resources.html">Education Resources</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="education-lessonplan1.html">Lesson Plan: Determinants of Health: <em>Henry Street Visiting Nurses</em></a></li>
<li><a href="education-highered1.html">University Module: Immigrant Health, Health Services, and History</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2022-11/OI_Itinerary-Jan2023-July2024_0.pdf" class="travel">Traveling Exhibition</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<a id="logo" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/about/exhibition/">
<img src="images/exhibition-logo.svg" alt="HMD Logo" />
</a>
</header>
<main id="content_wrapper">
<div class="top-row clear-fix">
<section id="left_column">
<div class="logo-container">
<a href="index.html">
<img src="images/left-nav-logo.png" alt="Outside / Inside: " class="left-nav-logo" />
</a>
<h1 class="hide-on-desktop"><a href="collection.html">Exhibition Collection</a></h1>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="slider-container">
<div class="gallery-slider">
<ul class="custom-pager">
<li><a class="slider-actions prev" href="javascript: void(0);">Back</a></li>
<li class="slide-info"><span id="spanCurrentSlide">1</span><span>&nbsp;of&nbsp;</span><span id="spanTotalSlides">1</span></li>
<li><a class="slider-actions next" href="javascript: void(0);">Next</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="slider">
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12526-md.jpg" alt="Fourteen women posing as a group, one holding a baby and one with a child in front." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-1" data-zoom-image="images/OB12526-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Greenwich Mothers&#8217; Club of the Henry Street Settlement</strong>, Lower East Side, New York City, ca. 1932</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>The Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service organized Mothers&#8217; Clubs to educate expectant mothers with a course of talks and demonstrations on maintaining healthy pregnancies.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101442246" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12526-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12530-md.jpg" alt="A uniformed, white, female nurse standing next to a table with an audience of seated women in front of her." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-2" data-zoom-image="images/OB12530-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;Fordham Hospital Mothers&#8217; Club. Mrs. Jeffrey teaches a lesson,&rdquo;</strong> New York, 1930s</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>In an effort to reduce the high infant mortality rate in immigrant neighborhoods, Henry Street nurses led &ldquo;mothers&#8217; clubs&rdquo; to educate women about prenatal and baby care.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101442216 " target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12530-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12527-md.jpg" alt="A uniformed, white, female nurse tending to a child in a crib." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-3" data-zoom-image="images/OB12527-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;Miss Kramer takes care of a very sick baby with pneumonia,&rdquo;</strong> New York City, 1930s</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>A Henry Street nurse cares for a baby with pneumonia, one of the most common diseases and a frequent cause of death in New York City in the first half of the 20th century.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101442185" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12527-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12528-md.jpg" alt="White, female nurse with a Chinese-American family comprised of a mother and seven children." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-4" data-zoom-image="images/OB12528-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;Miss Pearson with a Chinese family,&rdquo;</strong> Bronx, New York, 1930s</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101442180" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12528-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12529-md.jpg" alt="Italian-American family, mother with five children." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-5" data-zoom-image="images/OB12529-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;Mrs. De Santis and children,&rdquo;</strong> Bronx, New York, 1930s</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>The oldest daughter (not pictured) was suffering from tuberculosis and Henry Street nurses instructed the rest of the family on methods of avoiding the disease. Tuberculosis was a major cause of death in immigrant and poor communities. Henry Street developed a &ldquo;system of care for tuberculosis patients and instruction for their families&rdquo; years before New York City created its own program.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101442167" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12529-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12560-md.jpg" alt="Smiling white woman holding newborn baby outside." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-6" data-zoom-image="images/OB12560-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;Mrs. Pallone is happy over the new baby even tho&rsquo; her husband has been injured and cannot work for some time.&rdquo;</strong> Bronx, New York, 1930s</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>Lillian Wald emphasized that social conditions, such as dangerous workplaces, affected immigrants&#8217; health. She wrote, &ldquo;[w]hile the district nurse is laboring with the individual she should also contribute her knowledge toward the study of the large general conditions of which her poor patient may be the victim.&rdquo;</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101442198" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12560-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12496-md.jpg" alt="Woman sitting with a child in a cluttered room with laundry hanging from the ceiling and kitchenware scattered." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-7" data-zoom-image="images/OB12496-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>A mother and child in a New York City tenement kitchen,</strong> ca. 1910</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>Immigrant families crowded into apartments and workplaces that lacked ventilation and sanitation. These conditions contributed to high sickness and mortality rates in New York&#8217;s immigrant neighborhoods.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101450722" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12496-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12504-md.jpg" alt="Map showing the Bronx and Staten Island covered in dots." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-8" data-zoom-image="images/OB12504-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;Visiting Nurse Service: Visits for One Day&mdash;1925,&rdquo;</strong> <br><em>Report of the Henry Street Settlement,</em> May 1926<br /></h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>Each dot on this Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service map from 1925 represents two nursing visits.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="https://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101513893" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12504-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12505-md.jpg" alt="Page from a book showing the items visiting nurses were expected to carry with them." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-9" data-zoom-image="images/OB12505-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong><em>Visiting Nurse Service: Administered by the Henry Street Settlement, Bulletin of Instruction, revised edition</em></strong>, 1933</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>The Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service <em>Bulletin of Instruction</em> lists some of the items nurses were expected to carry with them. The list includes a guide book of New York City and the contents of the medical bag issued to each nurse. Medical bags included items for sterilizing instruments, patient examinations, childbirth and baby care, and record keeping.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101513894" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12505-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12503-md.jpg" alt="Front page of the book review section of a nursing service quarterly with text and an image of a white woman." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-10" data-zoom-image="images/OB12503-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong><em>Quarterly of the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service, Vol. 1, No. 1,</em></strong> March 1930</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>The <em>Quarterly of the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service</em> documented the impact of the visiting nurses in the communities they served. News clips covered administrative business and inspirational stories about nurses in the field. Henry Street Visiting Nurses attended to the social as well as the physical and mental welfare of their patients.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101524284" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12503-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12484-md.jpg" alt="Cover of a news bulletin with text and a profile view portrait of a white, female nurse." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-11" data-zoom-image="images/OB12484-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong><em>The Quarterly Bulletin for Metropolitan Nurses</em></strong>, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, October 1940</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>In 1909, Henry Street nurses began providing health visits to the policyholders of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, who were mostly working-class immigrants. The nurses were so successful in improving clients&#8217; health that MetLife established its own visiting nurse service modeled on Henry Street. This edition commemorates the life of Lilian Wald, founder of the Henry Street Settlement.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="https://resource.nlm.nih.gov/19940130RX2 " target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12484-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12494-md.jpg" alt="Drawing of a white man and white woman in hats holding a baby with others looking at them." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-12" data-zoom-image="images/OB12494-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;Immigrant Inspection Service,&rdquo; <em>Harper&#8217;s Weekly</em></strong>, W.A. Rogers, February 10, 1883</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>Health officials working on trains conducted inspections and vaccinations for smallpox for immigrants settling in the Midwest and West. </p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101435470" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12494-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12481-md.jpg" alt="Side view of a uniformed, female, white nurse picking through the long curly hair of a woman." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-13" data-zoom-image="images/OB12481-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Inspection of hair for lice at Ellis Island Immigration Station</strong>, New York, early 20th century</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>At Ellis Island, immigrants&#8217; hair was inspected for lice, which could spread typhus and other dangerous diseases. Only steerage (third- and fourth-class) passengers were transferred to the island for inspection. Passengers who could afford cabins were inspected onboard and were allowed to disembark without passing through Ellis Island.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101544562" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12481-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12556-md.jpg" alt="Asian men with bare chests lined up, waiting for inspection by two male medical professionals in white gowns. " data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-14" data-zoom-image="images/OB12556-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>U.S. Public Health Service physician inspects Asian immigrants for trachoma at the Angel Island Immigration Station</strong>, California, 1910s</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>The examination for trachoma, an infectious eye disease, was quick but extremely uncomfortable: inspectors used a metal hook to turn the eyelid inside out. These immigrants at the Angel Island port of entry in San Francisco, California await their trachoma screening.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101540261" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12556-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12495-md.jpg" alt="White woman in a headscarf completes a puzzle while seated. Two examiners and six women watch." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-15" data-zoom-image="images/OB12495-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>A female immigrant piecing together a wooden puzzle as part of an examination</strong>, early 20th century</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>A puzzle was used as part of the examination to identify and exclude immigrants with so-called &ldquo;mental deficiencies.&rdquo; Health officials believed that people with intellectual disabilities would not be fit to work and could become dependent on charity or welfare.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101445258 " target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12495-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12483-md.jpg" alt="Four uniformed men inspecting two Cuban children&#8217;s arms for vaccination marks. Three women appear in background." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-16" data-zoom-image="images/OB12483-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Quarantine inspectors checking children for vaccination marks</strong>, photograph by Black-Baker Photographers for U.S Public Health Service, 1965</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>As new vaccines developed throughout the 20th century, increased numbers of immunizations were required for immigration. These Cuban refugee children were examined for smallpox vaccination marks upon their arrival in the United States in 1965. Today, the majority of immigrants come from countries that have vaccination rates similar to, or even higher than, the United States.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101540731" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12483-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12479-md.jpg" alt="Uniformed white man pointing to an x-ray of a chest next to an elderly white woman in a headscarf." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-17" data-zoom-image="images/OB12479-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>A newly arrived immigrant views her chest X-ray with a U.S. Public Health Service physician at Kennedy International Airport in New York</strong>, photograph by Esther Bubley, ca. 1960</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101540268" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12479-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12478-md.jpg" alt="Three skeleton-faced ghosts with one word&mdash;&ldquo;malarium,&rdquo; &ldquo;small-pox&rdquo; or &ldquo;leprosy&rdquo;&mdash;on their robes, floating above San Francisco churches, buildings, and waterways." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-18" data-zoom-image="images/OB12478-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;San Francisco&#8217;s Three Graces,&rdquo;</strong> illustration by George Frederick Keller for <strong><em>The Wasp</em></strong>, May 26, 1882</h3>
<h4>Courtesy Billy Ireland Cartoon Library and Museum, The Ohio State University Libraries</h4>
<p>San Francisco authorities, believing that epidemics of smallpox and plague originated in the city&#8217;s Chinatown, passed quarantine and vaccination laws that applied only to people of Chinese origin. In 1900, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that such ethnically-based quarantines violated the Constitution.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12478-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12521-md.jpg" alt="Street view of buildings on fire with people standing in the street and horse drawn carriages." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-19" data-zoom-image="images/OB12521-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>A street view of the city fires to control the bubonic plague, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1900</strong></h3>
<h4>Courtesy Hawaii State Archives</h4>
<p>During the 1900 plague epidemic in Honolulu, the city government set fire to allegedly-contaminated buildings and garbage piles in Chinatown. Some of the fires burned out of control and destroyed 4,000 homes.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12521-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12557-md.jpg" alt="Asian women and babies sit on benches in a detention area with one white woman." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-20" data-zoom-image="images/OB12557-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Women and children held in a detention pen with a social worker at Angel Island Immigration Station</strong>, San Francisco, early 20th century</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>Angel Island was the West Coast counterpart to Ellis Island, but it was dedicated to restricting rather than welcoming immigrants. Following the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Asian immigrants had to prove family connections to enter the United States, and all Asians trying to enter through Angel Island were subject to weeks of detention, questioning, inspections, and quarantine (in contrast to days or hours at Ellis Island).</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101547036" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12557-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12485-md.jpg" alt="Ten men standing behind a chain-link fence with two uniformed men on the opposite side." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-21" data-zoom-image="images/OB12485-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Detention pen at the Ellis Island immigration station</strong>, New York, 1902</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>Steerage passengers who failed medical inspection were held in quarantine before either being deported or allowed to continue on their journeys. Steerage passengers were usually poor and from immigrant groups seen as racially distinctive, such as Italians and Jews.</p>
<p>The Ellis Island quarantine facility was designed to hold 1,800 detainees, but was usually at several hundred over capacity. Overcrowding increased the possibility that contagious disease would spread among detainees.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101547032" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12485-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12493-md.jpg" alt="White man sitting in a prison cell wearing striped clothing reading a newspaper." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-22" data-zoom-image="images/OB12493-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>An immigrant held in medical quarantine detention on Ellis Island</strong>, New York, ca. 1930</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101447216" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12493-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12489-md.jpg" alt="Mexicans of mixed ages wearing hats waiting in a line between a house and a bridge." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-23" data-zoom-image="images/OB12489-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Mexicans wait to be bathed and deloused at the El Paso Disinfection Station at International Bridge</strong>, Records of the Public Health Service, <strong>1917</strong></h3>
<h4>Courtesy National Archives and Records Administration</h4>
<p>All workers who commuted daily from Juarez, Mexico to El Paso, Texas were forced to strip naked, bathe, and then be sprayed with gasoline and other pesticides to kill lice. </p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12489-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12488-md.jpg" alt="Old newspaper with typed text and the headline &ldquo;Order to Bathe Starts Near Riot Among Juarez Women&rdquo;." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-24" data-zoom-image="images/OB12488-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;Order to Bathe Starts Near Riot among Juarez Women,&rdquo;</strong> <em>El Paso Morning Times</em>, January 29, 1917</h3>
<h4>Courtesy University of North Texas Libraries</h4>
<p>A group of domestic workers led by 17-year-old Carmelita Torres&mdash;referred to in the newspaper as the &ldquo;auburn-haired Amazon&rdquo;&mdash; refused to submit to the humiliating and dangerous delousing procedure. Their protest failed, and the bathing requirement continued for decades, despite lack of evidence of typhus danger from Mexico. The incident became known as the El Paso Bath Riots.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12488-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12511-md.jpg" alt="A boy being sprayed with pesticide by a uniformed woman." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-25" data-zoom-image="images/OB12511-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Bracero workers being fumigated at Hidalgo Processing Center,</strong> photograph by Leonard Nadel, Texas, 1956</h3>
<h4>Courtesy Leonard Nadel Photographs and Scrapbooks, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution</h4>
<p>Because of a shortage of agricultural labor, the United States created the Bracero (temporary guest worker) program, which brought over 4.5 million people from Mexico to work on U.S. farms and in other industries between 1942 and 1964. &ldquo;Braceros&rdquo; crossing the U.S.-Mexico border were required to undergo fumigation for lice with harsh pesticides, such as DDT and lindane. The treatment could make people sick, and in the 1970s, these substances were banned for causing cancer and neurological problems. Pesticide poisoning continues to be a hazard to farm workers exposed to chemicals on the job.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12511-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12498-md.jpg" alt="Face of a West African man behind a chain-link, barb wired fence, with poster text." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-26" data-zoom-image="images/OB12498-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong><em>I am not a disease: learn the facts about Ebola,</em></strong> design by Joe Scorsone and Alice Drueding for Posters Against Ebola, 2014</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>Although past practices that targeted people for their ethnicity have been discredited, the fear that newcomers will bring epidemics can still grip the national imagination. This powerful poster, produced during the 2014 Ebola scare, urges viewers to reject the unscientific linkage between diseases and specific ethnic or national groups.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101655149 " target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12498-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12531-md.jpg" alt="Sky view of street with a large crowd of people gathered in NYC." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-27" data-zoom-image="images/OB12531-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Protest over U.S. Food and Drug Administration ban on Haitian blood donations</strong>, Brooklyn, New York, April 20, 1990</h3>
<h4>Courtesy AP/Gerald Herbert</h4>
<p>In 1990, Haitian-American organizations led a march of tens of thousands of people to protest the stigma and discrimination caused when the U.S. government wrongly labeled Haitian national origin as a risk factor for HIV infection.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12531-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12499-md.jpg" alt="Typed text with an illustration of a Victorian-style hospital." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-28" data-zoom-image="images/OB12499-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Emigrants&#8217; Hospital for sick and destitute immigrants, Ward&#8217;s Island, New York</strong>, engraving by Lossing & Barritt, ca. 1868</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101461803" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12499-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12487-md.jpg" alt="White female nurse in uniform consulting a notebook while in a patient&#8217;s home." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-29" data-zoom-image="images/OB12487-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Health aide Dorothy Press visits a migrant family in a migrant workers&#8217; camp outside Nassawadox, Virginia,</strong> photograph by Janet Ochs for Public Health Service World, 1966</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>U.S. agriculture has depended on migrant labor for over a century. Whether workers are citizens, temporary migrants, or immigrants, most face low wages, dangerous health conditions, and a lack of medical care.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101540569" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12487-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12523-md.jpg" alt="A white, female, uniformed nurse walking into a run-down wooden structure or home." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-30" data-zoom-image="images/OB12523-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Health aide enters a home in a migrant workers&#8217; camp near Nassawadox, Virginia</strong>, photograph by Janet Ochs for Public Health Service World, 1966</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>A public health nurse visits migrants in their temporary homes in a camp for agricultural workers on Virginia&#8217;s Eastern Shore. After decades of neglect of migrant workers&#8217; health conditions, Congress passed the Migrant Health Act in 1962. It provides federal grants for delivery of basic preventive care to migrant workers, such as visits from a nurse.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101721355" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12523-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12502-md.jpg" alt="Typed advertisement for Partners for Health showing two men shaking hands, and a drawing of medicines and forms." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-31" data-zoom-image="images/OB12502-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong><em>Partners for Health: iCompa&#241;eros en la Salud!</em></strong> Migrant Clinicians Network, Austin, Texas, late 20th century</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>Migrant workers and their families, who live on the move, face many obstacles to obtaining care. In 1985, nurses and physicians dedicated to improving health care for migrant farmers formed the grassroots-based Migrant Clinicians Network.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101449641" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12502-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12522-md.jpg" alt="Interior view of shop with tall drawers, chandelier, Chinese writing and vase. Chinese-American man sitting in chair." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-32" data-zoom-image="images/OB12522-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;A Chinese drugstore in Chinatown, San Francisco,&rdquo;</strong> 1800s</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>Dispensaries sold herbs and traditional remedies in communities that lacked other health services. Some evolved into modern clinics and hospitals that still serve patients today, providing both Western and non-Western medical care. </p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101459480" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12522-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12508-md.jpg" alt="Typed note of Staff Seminar meeting reminder." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-33" data-zoom-image="images/OB12508-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Postcard announcing a seminar for physicians at Philadelphia&#8217;s Jewish Hospital</strong>, 1938</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>The Jewish Hospital for the Aged, Infirm, and Destitute, opened in 1866, was one of hundreds of ethnic and religious hospitals organized by immigrant groups. It served both Jewish and non-Jewish residents of Philadelphia. In 1952, it merged with two other hospitals to form Einstein Medical Center.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101460755" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12508-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12490-md.jpg" alt="International Ladies&#8217; Garment Workers Union Health Center Building entrance drawing on cover of a report." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-34" data-zoom-image="images/OB12490-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong><em>Triennial Report: 1947&ndash;1949,</em></strong> Union Health Center, New York, ca. 1950</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>The Union Health Center was opened in 1913 by the International Ladies&#8217; Garment Workers&#8217; Union to serve its mostly Jewish and Italian immigrant membership. Like Henry Street, the UHC believed that workers&#8217; rights included a right to medical care and safe working conditions. It is still in operation today.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ext/pub/101715116X1.pdf" target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12490-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12491-md.jpg" alt="A Hispanic male in a farmer&#8217;s hat, an African American male, and a White male doctor in a lab coat." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-35" data-zoom-image="images/OB12491-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;Dr. Caleb Foote greets new patients in the waiting room of the Terronez Clinic,&rdquo;</strong> Delano, California, 1975</h3>
<h4>Courtesy Peter Rudd</h4>
<p>In the 1960s and 1970s, the United Farm Workers, the most influential organization of migrant workers in history, recruited volunteer physicians and nurses, and opened health clinics for its members. For many farm workers, this was the first time they&#8217;d had access to the care they needed.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12491-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12510-md.jpg" alt="Typed pamphlet with text and an image of two men working in a garden." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-36" data-zoom-image="images/OB12510-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;Prepare for Medical School, La Raza Needs You,&rdquo;</strong> National Chicano Health Organization, Los Angeles, 1970s</h3>
<h4>Courtesy University of New Mexico, Center for Southwest Research, Frank I. Sanchez Papers</h4>
<p>In the 1970s, the National Chicano Health Organization created a campaign to encourage more Mexican-Americans to attend medical school. Health professionals from diverse backgrounds are crucial in expanding access to care for underserved communities. &ldquo;La Raza&rdquo; refers to both recent immigrants and people of Mexican heritage whose families have been in the U.S. for generations.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12510-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12552-md.jpg" alt="Young Asian woman seated at a table outdoors conducting a blood pressure test on an Asian woman with two Asian men standing behind her." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-37" data-zoom-image="images/OB12552-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>A volunteer from the Chinatown Health Clinic takes a resident&#8217;s blood pressure at the Chinatown Health Fair,</strong> photograph by Corky Lee, New York City, 1973</h3>
<h4>Courtesy Corky Lee</h4>
<p>Neighborhood clinics and health centers are important sources of care for immigrant communities. Starting as immigrant self-help efforts in the early twentieth century, many facilities have continued to operate since the 1960s with support from federal and local governments.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12552-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12561-md.jpg" alt="People protesting in the street with banners in English and Chinese." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-38" data-zoom-image="images/OB12561-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Health care march in New York City&#8217;s Chinatown,</strong> photograph by Corky Lee, 1973</h3>
<h4>Courtesy Corky Lee</h4>
<p>Residents of New York City&#8217;s Chinatown organized, in the 1970s, against the proposed closing of a local hospital. They also pushed for the hiring of bilingual physicians, including speakers of Chinese, Italian, and Spanish.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12561-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12554-md.jpg" alt="Sign on wall in English and Chinese language declaring workers must speak Chinese." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-39" data-zoom-image="images/OB12554-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;1/4 of the workers at the new Gouverneur must speak Chinese!&rdquo;</strong> photograph by Corky Lee, Chinatown, New York City, 1973</h3>
<h4>Courtesy Corky Lee</h4>
<p>Residents of New York City&#8217;s Chinatown organized, in the 1970s, against the proposed closing of a local hospital. They also pushed for the hiring of bilingual physicians, including speakers of Chinese, Italian, and Spanish.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12554-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12501-md.jpg" alt="Typed advertisement with an image of three Cambodian-American adults and three Cambodian-American children posing as a happy group, and text in Khmer." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-40" data-zoom-image="images/OB12501-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>&ldquo;Stay Healthy &ndash; Use Condoms: Make Our Future Free of AIDS,&rdquo;</strong> Center for Southeast Asian Refugee Resettlement, 1993</h3>
<h4>Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine</h4>
<p>The Center for Southeast Asian Refugee Resettlement, a San Francisco organization led by Southeast Asian refugees and immigrants, created this HIV-prevention campaign directed at the Cambodian community.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101451432 " target="_blank" class="icon-full-item"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Full Item</span></a></li>
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12501-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slider-item">
<img src="images/spacer.png" data-lazy="images/OB12558-md.jpg" alt="A smiling woman and man looking at a flyer in a hospital setting." data-rel="magnify" data-lightbox="image-41" data-zoom-image="images/OB12558-lg.jpg" />
<div class="slide-data">
<h3><strong>Gouverneur clinic in New York City provides multi-lingual health care information and services</strong>, 2017</h3>
<h4>Courtesy NYC Health + Hospitals</h4>
<p>Years of action and pressure from immigrant rights groups have led the medical community to recognize the necessity of multilingual health education and services. In the 21st century, more multilingual medical practitioners and educators are needed in order to ensure better health for all.</p>
<ul class="quick-links">
<li class="hide-with-js"><a href="images/OB12558-lg.jpg" target="_blank" class="icon-full-image"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Zoom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="back-container">
<span class="back-to-collection"><a href="collection.html">Back to the Collection</a></span>
</div>
<a href="javascript: void(0);" class="back-to-top">Top</a>
</main>
<footer id="page_footer">
<nav id="footer-nav">
<ul>
<li class="left"><a href="index.html" class="exhibition-home">Home</a></li>
<li class="left"><a href="collection.html" class="exhibition">Exhibition Collection</a></li>
<li class="left"><a href="https://digitalgallery.nlm.nih.gov/gallery/9/" class="digital">Digital Gallery</a></li>
<li class="left"><a href="resources.html" class="education">Education Resources</a></li>
<li class="right"><a href="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2022-11/OI_Itinerary-Jan2023-July2024_0.pdf" class="travel">Traveling Exhibition</a></li><li class="right"><a href="credits.html" class="credits">Credits</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</footer>
<!-- ************************* Content end ************************* -->
<!-- END EXIBITION FOOTER -->
<!-- BEGIN EXIBITION FOOTER -->
<footer>
<nav class="blacknav">
<ul class="list-inline">
<li class="list-inline-item pe-2"><a class="text-white" href="/hmd/" >History of Medicine</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item pe-2"><a class="text-white" href="/hmd/about/">About</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item pe-2"><a class="text-white" href="/hmd/collections/">Collections</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item pe-2"><a class="text-white" href="/hmd/about/exhibition/">Exhibitions</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item pe-2"><a class="text-white" href="/hmd/research-tools/">Research Tools</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item pe-2"><a class="text-white" href="/hmd/copyright/">Copyright</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item pe-2"><a class="text-white" href="/hmd/get-involved/">Get Involved</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item pe-2"><a class="text-white" href="/hmd/visit/">Visit</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item pe-2"><a class="text-white" href="/hmd/contact/">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</footer>
<!-- END EXIHIBITION FOOTER -->
<!-- BEGIN NLM FOOTER -->
<div id="footer-sub">
<div class="row">
<div class="connect">
<p><a href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html" class="text-white">Connect with NLM</a></p>
<ul class="list-inline social_media">
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="//www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine"><img src="/images/facebook.svg" class="img-fluid" alt="Facebook"></a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="//www.linkedin.com/company/national-library-of-medicine-nlm/"><img src="/images/linkedin.svg" class="img-fluid" alt="LinkedIn"></a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="//twitter.com/NLM_NIH"><img src="/images/twitter.svg" class="img-fluid" alt="Twitter"></a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="//www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH"><img src="/images/youtube.svg" class="img-fluid" alt="You Tube"></a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="//public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNLMOCPL/subscriber/new?preferences=true"><img src="/images/mail.svg" class="img-fluid" alt="Government Delivery"></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="connect">
<p class="address_footer text-white"> National Library of Medicine <br>
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white"> 8600 Rockville Pike <br>
Bethesda, MD 20894 </a></p>
</div>
<div class="connect">
<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white"> Web Policies </a><br>
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white"> FOIA </a><br>
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="anch_81">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </p>
</div>
<div class="connect">
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="//support.nlm.nih.gov?from="> NLM Support Center </a> <br>
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white"> Accessibility </a><br>
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white"> Careers </a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
<div class="row orgs">
<p class="mt-2 text-center"> <a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- End NLM FOOTER -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Scripts -->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js"></script>
<script src="/scripts/support.js"></script>
<script src="js/slick.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/jquery.elevateZoom-3.0.8.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/base.js"></script>
<script src="js/zoom.js"></script>
<script src="/core/nlm-notifyExternal/1.0/nlm-notifyExternal.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink