539 lines
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<title>Horrors of War - Life and Limb: The Toll of the American Civil War </title>
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Horrors of War - Life and Limb: The Toll of the American Civil War " />
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<h1><a href="index.html"><img src="images/lifeandlimbbanner2.png" alt="Life and Limb: The Toll of the American Civil War home" title="Life and Limb: The Toll of the American Civil War banner" /></a></h1>
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<h1 class="formobile">Horrors of War </h1>
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<p class="pquote">"No tongue can tell, no mind conceive, no pen<br />portray the horrible sights I witnessed."</p>
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<p class="pcenter">Recollections of a soldier wounded at Antietam, 1862</p>
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<div class="imgboxright">
|
||
<a href="images/OB1203.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="images/OB1203t.jpg" alt="Sepia-toned stereograph of decaying corpses on a battleground. Three men are gathering the remains for burial." title="Collecting the remains of the dead, 1860s. Courtesy Library of Congress" class="bborder" /></a>
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<p class="pcite">Collecting the remains of the dead, 1860s<br />
|
||
<span class="courtesy">Courtesy Library of Congress</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<p class="pstrong">Most soldiers, many of whom were as young as eighteen when they reported for duty, were unprepared for the realities of wartime and the scale of the carnage. They were usually marshaled for service without training, and often stationed miles from where they had grown up. Both sides had predicted a swift resolution to the conflict, and morale plummeted as the fighting dragged on. </p>
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<p class="pcenter"><img src="images/line.png" alt="Decorative dividing line" title="Line" /></p>
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||
<a name="woundsofwar"></a>
|
||
<h2>Wounds of War</h2>
|
||
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||
<div class="imgboxright">
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||
<a href="images/OB1022.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="images/OB1022t.jpg" alt="Color illustration of a segement of bone with a bullet wound and an infection." title="Infection in bullet wound, Surgical Memoirs of the War of the Rebellion, Vol 1, 1870. Courtesy National Library of Medicine" class="bborder" /></a>
|
||
<p class="pcite">Infection in bullet wound, <em>Surgical Memoirs of the War of the Rebellion</em>, Vol 1, 1870<br />
|
||
<span class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</span></p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<p>New technologies increased both the risk of injury and its severity to soldiers. Rifled muskets fired farther and more accurately than older weapons and could be quickly reloaded with the minié ball, a bullet of soft lead invented in the 1840s. The ammunition caused extensive damage as it changed shape on impact, shattering two to three inches of bone and dragging skin and clothing into the wound. The scale of the damage and risk of infection was a major cause of amputations.</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="imgboxleft2">
|
||
<a href="images/OB1206.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="images/OB1206t.jpg" alt="Black and white photograph a large group of men, some injured, sitting and lying on the ground in front of hospital tents." title="Union Field Hospital, Savage Station, VA, after the battle of 27 June 1862. Courtesy Library of Congress" class="bborder" /></a>
|
||
<p class="pcite">Union Field Hospital, Savage Station, VA, after the battle of 27 June 1862<br />
|
||
<span class="courtesy">Courtesy Library of Congress</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="imgboxleft2">
|
||
<a href="images/OB1017.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="images/OB1017t.jpg" alt="Color photograph of a Civil War-era musket." title="Musket, 1850s. Courtesy Harper’s Ferry National Park" class="bborder" /></a>
|
||
<p class="pcite">Musket, 1850s<br />
|
||
<span class="courtesy">Courtesy Harper's Ferry National Park</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="imgboxleft2">
|
||
<br />
|
||
<a href="images/OB1018.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="images/OB1018t.jpg" alt="Color photograph of Civil War-era ammunition." title="Ammunition, ca. 1850. Courtesy Harper’s Ferry National Park" class="bborder" /></a>
|
||
<p class="pcite">Ammunition, ca. 1850<br />
|
||
<span class="courtesy">Courtesy Harper's Ferry National Park</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p class="pcenter"><img src="images/line.png" alt="Decorative dividing line" title="Line" /></p>
|
||
|
||
<h2>Deadly Diseases</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="imgboxright">
|
||
<a href="images/OB1208.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="images/OB1208t.jpg" alt="Black and white photograph of the inside of a hospital ward with injured soliders laying on beds." title="Hospital ward in a convalescent camp at Alexandria, VA, 1860s. Courtesy National Library of Medicine" class="bborder" /></a>
|
||
<p class="pcite">Hospital ward in a convalescent camp at Alexandria, VA, 1860s<br />
|
||
<span class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</span></p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<p>Soldiers were vulnerable to infectious diseases that spread rampantly in crowded camp conditions. In fact, yellow fever, smallpox, malaria, and diarrheal diseases took more lives than battlefield injuries.
|
||
Among those who had not been previously exposed to them, childhood illnesses such as measles, mumps, and diphtheria became a serious threat. Some men never even saw combat, falling so ill as to require immediate hospital care. They perished or recovered alongside the rising numbers of wounded swelling the wards after every battle.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="imgboxleft2">
|
||
|
||
<a href="images/OB1209.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="images/OB1209t.jpg" alt="Color photograph of a white ceramic pot with a spout and a handle." title="Invalid feeding cup, 1800s. Courtesy of National Museum of Civil War Medicine" class="bborder" /></a>
|
||
<p class="pcite">Invalid feeding cup, 1800s<br />
|
||
<span class="courtesy">Courtesy of National Museum of Civil War Medicine</span></p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p class="pcenter"><img src="images/line.png" alt="Decorative dividing line" title="Line" /><a name="newspaper"></a></p>
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||
<div class="midcenterimg">
|
||
<a href="images/OB1019.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="images/OB1019t.jpg" alt="Front page of the November 19th, 1864 issue of the hospital newspaper, The Cripple. The newspaper has three columns of text below the newspaper header." title="The Cripple, hospital newspaper, 1864. Courtesy National Library of Medicine" class="bborder" /></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="midcentertext">
|
||
<p class="pmidcenter">
|
||
<em>The Cripple</em>,<br /> hospital newspaper, 1864<br />
|
||
<span class="courtesy">Courtesy National Library of Medicine</span><br /><br />
|
||
<a href="pdfs/cripple.pdf" target="_blank" class="mainlinks2">DOWNLOAD THE PDF</a> <a href="pdfs/cripple.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="images/rtarrow.png" alt="Arrowing pointing to the right" title="Download the PDF" /></a></p>
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<p class="pcenterstrong"><a href="exhibition.html"><img src="images/lftarrow.png" alt="Arrowing pointing to the left" title="Exhibition" /></a> <a href="exhibition.html" class="mainlinks2">BACK</a> | <a href="maimedmen.html" class="mainlinks2">NEXT</a> <a href="maimedmen.html"> <img src="images/rtarrow.png" alt="Arrowing pointing to the right" title="Maimed Men" /></a></p>
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<p class=”margin-top-5”><small>Last Reviewed: February 21, 2014</small></p>
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