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<h1><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/index.html">Frankenstein: Penetrating the Secrets of Nature<img src="/exhibition/frankenstein/css/img/logo-sidebar.png" alt="Frankenstein: Penetrating the Secrets of Nature" /></a></h1>
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<li><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/exhibition0.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/exhibition1.html">The Birth of <i>Frankenstein</i></a><ul style="display:none;"><li style="display:none;"><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/exhibition1s0.html">Surrounded by Ice</a></li></ul></li><li class="on"><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/exhibition2.html">An Extraordinary Life</a><ul><li><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/exhibition2s0.html">Paradise Lost</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/exhibition3.html">Boundary Crossing / 1818</a><ul style="display:none;"><li style="display:none;"><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/exhibition3s0.html">Midnight Labors</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/exhibition4.html">Transformation of a Monster</a><ul style="display:none;"><li style="display:none;"><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/exhibition4s0.html">Poor, Helpless, Miserable Wretch</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/exhibition5.html">Boundary Crossing / 1931</a><ul style="display:none;"><li style="display:none;"><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/exhibition5s0.html">Blasted Hopes</a></li></ul></li>
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<img src="img/dg_OB10951_Lg.jpg" alt="Cover of a book." />
<h3><em>Paracelsus, five hundred years: three American exhibits</em>, 1993</h3>
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<h2>Exhibition<span>An Extraordinary Life</span></h2>
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<p>The literary life attracted Mary Shelley from an early age. Her education stressed the development of the imagination; she was introduced to great works of literature, history, and mythology, and studied French and Latin. Her father&#8217;s London home attracted writers Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Charles and Mary Lamb, American politician Aaron Burr, chemist Humphry Davy, poet and physician Erasmus Darwin, and chemist-inventor William Nicholson.</p>
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<li data-enlarge="img/OB10917_Lg.jpg" ><div class="photo"><img src="img/OB10917_Lg.jpg" alt="Portrait of a young woman in a white dress, looking to her right." /></div><h3><em>Mary Wollstonecraft</em>, oil on canvas, ca. 1797</h3><h4>Artist: John Opie (1761&mdash;1807)</h4>
<h4>Courtesy &#169; National Portrait Gallery, London</h4><div class="description"><p>Mary Wollstonecraft (1759&mdash;1797) earned her living as a governess before moving to London in 1787 to pursue a career as a writer. Within five years, she established herself as an influential and controversial political theorist. She married William Godwin in March 1797; she died in September of that year after giving birth to her daughter, Mary.</p><ul class="nojs"><li><a href="img/OB10917_Lg.jpg">Enlarge Image</a></li></ul></div></li>
<li data-player="audio-example" data-audio="/exhibition/frankenstein/audio/OB8015.mp3" data-transcript="popup3.html" data-enlarge="img/OB8015_Lg.jpg" ><div class="photo"><img src="img/OB8015_Lg.jpg" alt="Open book showing cursive handwriting on the left and the title page on the right." /></div><h3><em>A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects</em>, 1792</h3><h4>Author: Mary Wollstonecraft (1759&mdash;1797)</h4>
<h4>Courtesy Library of Congress</h4><div class="description"><p>Mary Wollstonecraft&#8217;s book argued for women&#8217;s right to self-determination and equality in the intellectual, public, and domestic spheres. American feminist Susan B. Anthony presented a copy of &ldquo;this earliest work for women&#8217;s rights to equality&rdquo; to the Library of Congress in 1904.</p><ul class="nojs"><li><a href="img/OB8015_Lg.jpg">Enlarge Image</a></li><li><a href="/exhibition/frankenstein/audio/OB8015.mp3">Play Audio</a></li><li><a href="popup3.html">Read Transcript</a></li></ul></div></li>
<li data-enlarge="img/OB8012_Lg.jpg" ><div class="photo"><img src="img/OB8012_Lg.jpg" alt="A man's right profile wearing white shirt and a dark jacket." /></div><h3><em>William Godwin</em>, oil on canvas, 1802 </h3><h4>Artist: James Northcote (1746&mdash;1831)</h4>
<h4>Courtesy &#169; National Portrait Gallery, London</h4><div class="description">William Godwin (1756&mdash;1836) perceived the political issues raised by the French Revolution as an opportunity to reorder the world to produce an egalitarian society structured on reason, justice, and universal education. He and Mary Wollstonecraft married in 1797; their daughter Mary was born August 30, 1797.<ul class="nojs"><li><a href="img/OB8012_Lg.jpg">Enlarge Image</a></li></ul></div></li>
<li data-enlarge="img/OB8010_Lg.jpg" ><div class="photo"><img src="img/OB8010_Lg.jpg" alt="Book open to the title page on the right. Left page is blank." /></div><h3><em>Caleb Williams</em>, 1794</h3><h4>Author: William Godwin (1756&mdash;1836)</h4>
<h4>Courtesy Rare Book Room and Special Collections, University Library,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign </h4><div class="description">William Godwin&#8217;s novel <em>Caleb Williams</em> supported the arguments he had made for a republican, anti-monarchical government in his masterwork, <em>An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice</em> (1793).<ul class="nojs"><li><a href="img/OB8010_Lg.jpg">Enlarge Image</a></li></ul></div></li>
<li data-dg="https://digitalgallery.nlm.nih.gov/gallery/frankenstein/browse/item/807/a/" data-enlarge="img/OB8032_Lg.jpg" ><div class="photo"><img src="img/OB8032_Lg.jpg" alt="Book open to yellowing and stained title page on the right. Library sticker on the left" /></div><h3><em>Elements of Chemical Philosophy</em>, 1812</h3><h4>Author: Sir Humphry Davy (1778&mdash;1829)</h4>
<h4>Courtesy National Library of Medicine</h4><div class="description">In October 1816, when she was working on <em>Frankenstein</em> every day, Mary Shelley recorded in her diary that she was reading Humphry Davy&#8217;s <em>Elements of Chemical Philosophy</em>. <ul class="nojs"><li><a href="img/OB8032_Lg.jpg">Enlarge Image</a></li><li><a href="https://digitalgallery.nlm.nih.gov/gallery/frankenstein/browse/item/807/a/">View in Digital Gallery</a></li></ul></div></li>
<li data-dg="https://digitalgallery.nlm.nih.gov/gallery/frankenstein/browse/item/801/a/" data-enlarge="img/OB10658_Lg.jpg" ><div class="photo"><img src="img/OB10658_Lg.jpg" alt="A man in vest and jacket, looking to his right with left hand at chin-height." /></div><h3><em>Sir Humphry Davy</em>, ca. 1827</h3><h4>Artist: James Lonsdale (1777&mdash;1839)</h4>
<h4>Engraver: James Thomson (ca. 1788&mdash;1850)</h4>
<h4>Courtesy National Library of Medicine</h4><div class="description">Sir Humphry Davy (1778&mdash;1829), a friend of Mary Shelley&#8217;s father, William Godwin, held popular public demonstrations of chemical phenomena at the Royal Institution in London in the early 19th century.<ul class="nojs"><li><a href="img/OB10658_Lg.jpg">Enlarge Image</a></li><li><a href="https://digitalgallery.nlm.nih.gov/gallery/frankenstein/browse/item/801/a/">View in Digital Gallery</a></li></ul></div></li>
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<div class="photo"><img src="img/OB10659_Lg.jpg" alt="A man's right profile, wearing a dark cap and white gown." /></div><h3><em>Henricus Cornelius Agrippa</em></h3><h4>Artist: R. Cooper</h4>
<h4>Courtesy National Library of Medicine </h4><div class="description"><p>In <em>Frankenstein</em>, young Victor Frankenstein reads the entire works of Cornelius Agrippa, hoping to master a &ldquo;secret store of knowledge&rdquo; about the natural world.</p><ul class="nojs"><li><a href="img/OB10659_Lg.jpg">Enlarge Image</a></li><li><a href="carousel2.html">See Related Images</a></li></ul></div></li>
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