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<title>Promising Future, Complex Past: Artificial Intelligence and the Legacy of Physiognomy</title>
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<meta name="DC.Date.Issued" content="2023-09-20" />
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<h1>Digital Gallery</h1>
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<h2><strong><em>Abnormal man: being essays on education and crime and related subjects, with digests of literature and a bibliography</em>, Arthur MacDonald, 1893</strong></h2>
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<h3><strong><em>Abnormal man: being essays on education and crime and related subjects, with digests of literature and a bibliography</em>, Arthur MacDonald, 1893</strong></h3>
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<p>In <em>Abnormal Man, </em>a specialist with the U.S. Bureau of Education (the precursor to the current Department of Education) provides an overview of the field of criminology and synopses of literature from Europe and the U.S. on the cause of crime, which he expanded upon with his own thinking. The author was an admirer of Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso and French biometrician Alphonse Bertillon and believed in the now debunked idea that a connection exists between physical appearance and criminality, mental illness, and poverty. </p>
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