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<div class="h1">Controlled Vocabulary Services Program</div>
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<div class="tablet:grid-col-9"><p><img src="/bsd/3Cs.png" alt="" width="648" height="280" /><br /><br />The work of the Controlled Vocabulary Services Program directly supports the &ldquo;Curate&rdquo; component of what the User Services and Collection Division does.<br /><br />NLM Indexers support the biomedical research community by making it easier for users to find relevant journal articles in <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medline/medline_overview.html">MEDLINE</a>, the National Library of Medicine&rsquo;s biomedical and life sciences database which comprises the majority of content in <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">PubMed</a>, through the application of the <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html">MeSH</a> (Medical Subject Heading) vocabulary. MEDLINE articles are automatically indexed with MeSH via the MTIX (Medical Text Indexer-NeXt Generation) algorithm, which uses a machine-learning model known as a neural network. NLM Indexers with biomedical domain expertise provide quality assurance of automated MeSH indexing, with curation focused on specific sets of articles (e.g., those involving genes/proteins or involving known instances of term ambiguity). These domain experts contribute to the continuous refinement of the MTIX algorithm and the expansion of the MeSH vocabulary; they also create links between the biomedical literature in MEDLINE and the NCBI <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene">Gene</a> database to describe new gene information.</p>
<p>NLM Indexers also provide descriptive data for article citations that documents research funding and databank relationships. These staff also create links between the literature for comments, errata, retractions, and expressions of concern.</p>
<p>In addition to their fundamental role in supporting MEDLINE indexing, NLM Indexers have applied their knowledge to many special projects through collaboration with NLM and external researchers by providing gold standard data sets used in AI approaches to knowledge discovery.</p>
<p>For more information about MEDLINE data review and indexing, see:</p>
<h2><a id="indexingstats" name="indexingstats"></a>Indexing Statistics</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Number of Titles Currently Indexed for Index Medicus&reg; and MEDLINE on PubMed" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/org-350/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/num_titles.html">Number of Titles Currently Indexed for Index Medicus&reg; and MEDLINE on PubMed</a> (Archived version)</li>
<li><a title="Detailed Indexing Statistics" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/org-350/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/index_stats_comp.html">Detailed Indexing Statistics</a> (Archived version)</li>
<li><a title="Summary Indexing Statistics" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/org-350/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/index_stats.html">Summary Indexing Statistics</a> (Archived version)</li>
<li><a title="MEDLINE Data Entry by Fiscal Year" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/org-350/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/stats/data_entry.html">MEDLINE Data Entry by Fiscal Year</a> (Archived version)</li>
<li><a title="More MEDLINE Statistics from the MEDLINE/PubMed Resources Guide" href="/bsd/pmresources.html#statistics">More Statistics from the MEDLINE/PubMed Resources Guide</a></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>The Indexing Process</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Frequently Asked Questions about Indexing for MEDLINE" href="/bsd/indexfaq.html">Frequently Asked Questions about Indexing for MEDLINE</a></li>
<li><a title="Online Indexing System" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/online_indexing_practices.html">Online Indexing System</a></li>
<li><a title="Online Indexing Training Module" href="/bsd/indexing/index.html">Online Indexing Training Module</a> (Archived version)</li>
<li><a title="The Basics of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)" href="/bsd/disted/meshtutorial/">The Basics of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in MEDLINE/PubMed</a></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>Journals Information</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="MEDLINE Journal Selection (Fact Sheet)" href="/lstrc/jsel.html">MEDLINE Journal Selection (Fact Sheet)</a></li>
<li><a title="List of Journals Indexed for MEDLINE" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/lstrc/j_sel_faq.html#a15">List of Journals Indexed for MEDLINE</a></li>
<li><a title="MEDLINE Journals Indexed from the Online Version" href="/bsd/journals/online.html">MEDLINE Journals Indexed from the Online Version</a></li>
<li><a title="More MEDLINE Journals Information from the MEDLINE/PubMed Resources Guide" href="/bsd/pmresources.html#journals">More Journals Information from the MEDLINE/PubMed Resources Guide</a></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>Data Policies</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Errata, Retraction, Duplicate Publication, Comment, Update and Patient Summary Policy for MEDLINE" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/policy/errata.html">Errata, Retractions, Partial Retractions, Corrected and Republished Articles, Duplicate Publications, Comments (including Author Replies), Updates, Patient Summaries, and Republished (Reprinted) Articles Policy for MEDLINE</a></li>
<li><a title="" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/policy/conflict_of_interest.html">Conflict of Interest Disclosure and Journal Supplements in MEDLINE</a></li>
<li><a title="" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/policy/authorship.html">Authorship in MEDLINE</a></li>
<li><a title="What is a versioned article cited in MEDLINE/PubMed?" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/knowledgebase/article/KA-04207/en-us">What is a versioned article cited in MEDLINE/PubMed?</a></li>
<li><a title="Construction of National Library of Medicine Title Abbreviations" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/cataloging/contructitleabbre.html">Construction of National Library of Medicine Title Abbreviations </a></li>
<li><a title="Multiple Language Translations of Online Journals and Indexing English Editions of Journals" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/policy/multiple_languages.html">Multiple Language Translations of Online Journals and Indexing English Editions of Journals</a></li>
<li><a title="More MEDLINE Data Policies from the MEDLINE/PubMed Resources Guide" href="/bsd/pmresources.html#policies">More Data Policies from the MEDLINE/PubMed Resources Guide</a></li>
</ul></div>
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<div class="tablet:grid-col-3"><h3>Publications and Resources</h3>
<p><br /><a href="/bsd/medline.html">MEDLINE&reg;: Description of the Database</a><br /><br /><a href="/bsd/difference.html">What's the Difference Between MEDLINE and PubMed&reg;?</a><br /><br /><a href="/lstrc/jsel.html">MEDLINE&reg; Journal Selection </a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/">Unified Medical Language System&reg;</a><br /><br /><a href="/pubs/techbull/tb.html"><em>NLM Technical Bulletin</em></a><br /><br /><a href="/bsd/pmresources.html">MEDLINE/PubMed Resources</a><br /><br /><a href="https://eresources.nlm.nih.gov/nlm_eresources/">NLM Products and Services</a><br /><br /><a href="/bsd/pmresources.html#journals">Journals Information</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/healthit/index.html">Health Information Technology and Health Data Standards at NLM</a></p>
<hr />
<h3>Frequently Asked Questions</h3>
<p><br /><a href="/lstrc/j_sel_faq.html">Journal Selection for MEDLINE Indexing at NLM </a><br /><br /><a href="/bsd/indexfaq.html">Indexing for MEDLINE</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/pmresources.html">MEDLINE and PubMed</a></p></div>
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<p class=”margin-top-5”><small>Last Reviewed: April 20, 2022</small></p>
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