nih-gov/www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-updates/2024/researchers-investigate-potential-treatment-for-eliminating-hiv-from-the-brain

816 lines
58 KiB
Text
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#" data-nid="11921">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="description" content="In a recent NIMH-funded study, researchers explored a potential new way of clearing HIV from the brain by testing a drug that targets a type of immune cell known as macrophages." />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-updates/2024/researchers-investigate-potential-treatment-for-eliminating-hiv-from-the-brain" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Researchers Investigate Potential Treatment for Eliminating HIV from the Brain" />
<meta property="og:description" content="In a recent NIMH-funded study, researchers explored a potential new way of clearing HIV from the brain by testing a drug that targets a type of immune cell known as macrophages." />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full/public/images/swarm-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-social.jpg?itok=k_PAHwDs" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="In a recent NIMH-funded study, researchers explored a potential new way of clearing HIV from the brain by testing a drug that targets a type of immune cell known as macrophages." />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Researchers Investigate Potential Treatment for Eliminating HIV from the Brain" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@nimhgov" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full/public/images/swarm-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-social.jpg?itok=k_PAHwDs" />
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="lKfmfhtNgohd8-snRwpaLWOcbbkS_saLoN9IUJKBvUM" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<script>
var mainDomain = document.location.hostname.match(/(([^.\/]+\.[^.\/]{2,3}\.[^.\/]{2})|(([^.\/]+\.)[^.\/]{2,4}([^.\/]+\.)[^.\/]{2,4}))(\/.*)?$/)[1];
try{dataLayer.push({'baseDomain': mainDomain.toLowerCase()});}
catch(err){ dataLayer = [{'baseDomain': mainDomain.toLowerCase()}];} (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&amp;l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T58NF4');
</script>
<script>
window._monsido = window._monsido || {
token: "VsAIOc905Tjeazm18evt9w",
statistics: {
enabled: true,
cookieLessTracking: true,
documentTracking: {
enabled: true,
documentCls: "",
documentIgnoreCls: "",
documentExt: ["doc","docx","pdf","ppt","pptx","rtf","txt","xls","xlsx"],
},
},
heatmap: {
enabled: true,
},
};
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://app-script.monsido.com/v2/monsido-script.js" async></script>
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/nimhtheme/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<title>Researchers Investigate Potential Treatment for Eliminating HIV from the Brain - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_hWncu7OJItJxjVfV8d-pQlCh3OkWfqGUIp5yRJgumac.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nimhtheme&amp;include=eJxFybkNACAMBLCFQMwE0hGQ8hSXJttT4tZ-7eSBYYjGmtqZpdel-Y8IUfQdnmwsJmysSTy5aRcg" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_hCFOd9odoQi9Sb_-X1tdJUsdnGzf9PI7mC1Uc81hfRY.css?delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nimhtheme&amp;include=eJxFybkNACAMBLCFQMwE0hGQ8hSXJttT4tZ-7eSBYYjGmtqZpdel-Y8IUfQdnmwsJmysSTy5aRcg" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700|Roboto:400,500|Petit+Formal+Script" />
</head>
<body>
<a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable">
Skip to main content
</a>
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T58NF4" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe>
</noscript>
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
<div class="layout-container">
<div>
<div id="block-nimhtheme-governmentdomainbanner" class="block block-block-content block-block-content976fab65-59c7-46e1-bf9f-cf5178b680b4">
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><section class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official website of the United States government"><div class="usa-accordion"><header class="usa-banner__header"><div class="usa-banner__inner"><div class="grid-col-auto"><img class="usa-banner__header-flag" aria-hidden="true" src="/themes/nimhtheme/uswds/images/us_flag_small.png" alt></div><div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto" aria-hidden="true"><p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p><p class="usa-banner__header-action">Heres how you know</p></div><p class="m-0 p-0"><button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default"><span class="usa-banner__button-text">Heres how you know</span></button></p></div></header><div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default" hidden><div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"><div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"><p><img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/nimhtheme/uswds/images/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt aria-hidden="true"></p><div class="usa-media-block__body"><p><strong>Official websites use .gov</strong><br>A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.</p></div></div><div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"><p><img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/nimhtheme/uswds/images/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt aria-hidden="true"></p><div class="usa-media-block__body"><p><strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong><br>A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"><svg class="usa-banner__lock-image" width="52" height="64" viewBox="0 0 52 64" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-description-default" focusable="false"><title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description-default">Locked padlock icon</desc> <path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z" /></svg></span>) or <strong>https://</strong> means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.</p></div></div></div></div></div></section></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="header-wrapper">
<div class="header-container">
<header role="banner">
<div id="main-header-layout" >
<div id="block-sitebranding-2" class="block block-system block-system-branding-block">
<a href="/" title="NIMH Home" rel="home">
<img src="/themes/nimhtheme/nimh-logo.svg" alt="NIMH Logo" />
</a>
</div>
<div id="block-nimhtheme-incrisisstickybox" class="block block-block-content block-block-content34cda229-f96b-4500-8796-12d7fc307d77">
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div id="nimh-in-crisis-callout"><a href="https://988lifeline.org/"><i class="fa-light fa-circle-exclamation" aria-hidden="true"></i> &nbsp;In Crisis? Call or Text 988 &nbsp;<i class="fa-regular fa-angles-right"></i></a></div></div>
</div>
<div id="block-tagline" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentf3b653dc-7e5d-4582-8234-a93001424fde">
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p id="tagline">Transforming the understanding
<br>
and treatment of mental illnesses.
</p></div>
</div>
<div id="block-nimhtheme-searchsite" class="block block-block-content block-block-content0946d2cf-ffcf-44fb-b65d-3057740945c0">
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="m-0 text-small text-right d-none d-lg-block"><a href="/">Home</a> &nbsp;|&nbsp; <a href="/site-info/contact-nimh" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3b82dd34-6040-4763-a9ff-db0c3d5b6a38" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Contact Us</a> &nbsp;|&nbsp; <a href="/health/find-help" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="95a25c22-6bc4-4ac3-ad7b-d3aca76eaed0" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Help for Mental Illnesses</a></p><div class="mobile-helper-icons"><span class="hidden-md hidden-lg"><i class="fas fa-search search_icon"></i></span> <span class="menu_icon sb-toggle-right hidden-md hidden-lg"><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></span></div><form class="search-in-banner" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/search-nimh" id="search_form" method="get" name="Search" role="search"><p class="mt-2 mb-1"><label for="query"><span class="hidden">Search the NIMH Website: </span></label><input class="searchbox usagov-search-autocomplete ui-autocomplete-input" aria-label="Search the NIMH website" autocomplete="off" id="query" name="query" placeholder="Search the NIMH website" type="text"> <input type="submit" value="Search"></p></form><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><p class="small text-right m-0"><a href="/health/topics/espanol" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d6df42f3-6876-496e-918c-cc34cc7681f7" data-entity-substitution="canonical" lang="es">Información en español</a></p></div></div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
</div>
</div> <div id="menu_horizontal" class="primary-menu-container">
<div>
<nav id="block-nimhtheme-main-menu" role="navigation" aria-label="Main navigation" id="block-nimhtheme-main-menu">
<ul class="main-menu-content">
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/health" class="main-menu__health" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1925">Mental Health Information</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/get-involved" class="main-menu__getinvolved" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2019">Get Involved</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/research" class="main-menu__research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7518">Research</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/funding" class="main-menu__funding" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1128">Funding</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/news" class="main-menu__news" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2128">News &amp; Events</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/about" class="main-menu__about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7558">About Us</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="megamenu_container">
<div id="health-megamenu" class="megamenu">
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/health/topics">
<h2>Health Topics</h2>
<p>NIMH offers expert-reviewed information on mental disorders and a range of topics.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/health/statistics">
<h2>Statistics</h2>
<p>NIMH statistics pages include statistics on the prevalence, treatment, and costs of mental illness for the population of the United States.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/health/publications">
<h2>Brochures and Fact Sheets</h2>
<p>Download, read, and order free NIMH brochures and fact sheets about mental disorders and related topics.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/health/find-help">
<h2>Help for Mental Illnesses</h2>
<p>If you or someone you know has a mental illness, there are ways to get help. Use these resources to find help for yourself, a friend, or a family member.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/health/trials">
<h2>Clinical Trials</h2>
<p>If you or a friend or family member are thinking about taking part in clinical research, this page contains basic information about clinical trials.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="getinvolved-megamenu" class="megamenu">
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/get-involved/public-involvement">
<h2>Stakeholder Engagement</h2>
<p>Find out how NIMH engages a range of stakeholder organizations as part of its efforts to ensure the greatest public health impact of the research we support.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/get-involved/connect-with-nimh">
<h2>Connect with NIMH</h2>
<p>Learn more about NIMH newsletters, public participation in grant reviews, research funding, clinical trials, the NIMH Gift Fund, and connecting with NIMH on social media. </p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/get-involved/digital-shareables">
<h2>Digital Shareables</h2>
<p>Use these free education and outreach materials in your community and on social media to spread the word about mental health and related topics.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/get-involved/science-education">
<h2>Science Education</h2>
<p>Use these free digital, outreach materials in your community and on social media to spread the word about mental health.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/get-involved/events">
<h2>Upcoming Observances and Related Events</h2>
<p>Get Involved observances calendar</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="research-megamenu" class="megamenu">
<div class="menu_flexbox_span6">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/research/research-funded-by-nimh">
<h2>Research Funded by NIMH</h2>
<p>NIMH supports research at universities, medical centers, and other institutions via grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements. Learn more about NIMH research areas, policies, resources, and initiatives.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span6">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/research/research-conducted-at-nimh">
<h2>Research Conducted at NIMH (Intramural Research Program)</h2>
<p>The Division of Intramural Research Programs (IRP) is the internal research division of the NIMH. Over 40 research groups conduct basic neuroscience research and clinical investigations of mental illnesses, brain function, and behavior at the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland. Learn more about research conducted at NIMH.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span6">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/research/priority-research-areas">
<h2>Priority Research Areas</h2>
<p>Learn about NIMH priority areas for research and funding that have the potential to improve mental health care over the short, medium, and long term.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span6">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/research/research-funded-by-nimh/research-resources">
<h2>Resources for Researchers</h2>
<p>Information about resources such as data, tissue, model organisms and imaging resources to support the NIMH research community.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="funding-megamenu" class="megamenu">
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/funding/opportunities-announcements">
<h2>Opportunities &amp; Announcements</h2>
<p>Find all NIMH and cross-NIH funding opportunities.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/funding/funding-strategy-for-research-grants">
<h2>Funding Strategy for Grants</h2>
<p>Read more about the NIMH Strategic Plan for Research, Strategic Research Priorities, the anatomy of NIMH funding, and our yearly funding strategy for research grants.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/funding/grant-writing-and-application-process">
<h2>Application Process</h2>
<p>Explore the NIMH grant application process, including how to write your grant, how to submit your grant, and how the review process works.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/funding/managing-your-grant">
<h2>Managing Grants</h2>
<p>Learn about how NIMH manages research grants, including policies and reporting requirements.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/funding/clinical-research">
<h2>Clinical Research</h2>
<p>Find the latest NIH and NIMH policies, guidance, and resources for clinical research.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/funding/training">
<h2>Training</h2>
<p>Explore NIMH research training and career development opportunities.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/funding/sbir">
<h2>Small Business Research</h2>
<p>Learn about funding opportunities for small businesses.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner_extra">
<div class="menu_inner_pad">
<section class="box">
<h3>Quick Links</h3>
<p><a href="/funding/opportunities-announcements/funding-grant-news">Funding &amp; Grant News</a></p>
<p><a href="/funding/opportunities-announcements/clinical-trials-foas">Support for Clinical Trials at NIMH</a></p>
</section>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="news-megamenu" class="megamenu">
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/news/science-updates">
<h2>Science Updates</h2>
<p>List of NIMH science updates including press releases, research highlights, and institute announcements.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/news/events">
<h2>Meetings and Events</h2>
<p>Details about upcoming events—including meetings, conferences, workshops, lectures, webinars, and chats—sponsored by NIMH.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/news/media">
<h2>Multimedia</h2>
<p>NIMH videos and podcasts featuring science news, lecture series, meetings, seminars, and special events.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/news/social-media">
<h2>Social Media</h2>
<p>The latest information and resources on mental disorders shared on X, Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, and Instagram.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/news/press-resources">
<h2>Press Resources</h2>
<p>Information about NIMH, research results, summaries of scientific meetings, and mental health resources.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/news/email-updates">
<h2>Email Updates</h2>
<p>Updates about mental health topics, including NIMH news, upcoming events, mental disorders, funding opportunities, and research.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/news/innovation-speaker-series">
<h2>Innovation Speaker Series</h2>
<p>An annual lecture series dedicated to innovation, invention, and scientific discovery.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span4">
<div class="menu_inner_extra">
<div class="menu_inner_pad">
<h3>Contact the Press Office</h3>
<p>301-443-4536</p>
<p><a class="single-link" href="mailto:NIMHpress@nih.gov">NIMHpress@nih.gov</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="about-megamenu" class="megamenu">
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/about/director">
<h2>About the Acting NIMH Director</h2>
<p>Learn more about the Acting Director of the NIMH, Shelli Avenevoli, Ph.D.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/about/advisory-boards-and-groups">
<h2>Advisory Boards and Groups</h2>
<p>Read about the boards and groups that advise and provide guidance to the Institute.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/about/strategic-planning-reports">
<h2>Strategic Plan</h2>
<p>Learn more about NIMH's roadmap for the Institutes research priorities over the next five years.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/about/organization">
<h2>Offices and Divisions</h2>
<p>Learn more about the functions of each NIMH office and division.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/about/budget">
<h2>Budget</h2>
<p>Read the annual NIMH Congressional Justifications.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/about/careers">
<h2>Careers at NIMH</h2>
<p>Search for jobs, including scientific, administrative and executive careers at NIMH.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/about/staff-directories">
<h2>Staff Directories</h2>
<p>Find the names, telephone numbers, email addresses, and office locations of NIMH staff.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/about/nimh-history">
<h2>History</h2>
<p>Explore key milestones, discoveries, and the impact of NIMH-funded studies on mental health.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner">
<a class="megamenu_nav_i" href="/about/connect-with-nimh">
<h2>Getting to NIMH</h2>
<p>Find directions, maps, parking information, and other visitor information for NIMH.</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu_flexbox_span3">
<div class="menu_inner_extra">
<div class="menu_inner_pad">
<h3>Quick Links</h3>
<p><strong><a href="/about/connect-with-nimh/donate-to-mental-health-research" title="Donate to Mental Health Research">Contribute to Mental Health Research</a></strong></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<nav id="block-mobilenavigation" role="navigation" aria-label="Mobile navigation" id="block-mobilenavigation">
<p class="mobile-menu-close"><i class="fas fa-times fa-2x"></i></p>
<ul class="main-menu-content">
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/health" class="mobile-menu-top-level health-menu" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1925">Mental Health Information</a>
<ul>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/health" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1925">Mental Health Information Home</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/health/topics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1926">Health Topics</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/health/statistics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1243">Statistics</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/health/publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1927">Brochures and Fact Sheets</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/health/find-help" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1944">Help for Mental Illnesses</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/health/trials" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2009">Clinical Trials</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/get-involved" class="mobile-menu-top-level getinvolved-menu" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2019">Get Involved</a>
<ul>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/get-involved" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2019">Get Involved Home</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/get-involved/public-involvement" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2127">Stakeholder Engagement</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/get-involved/connect-with-nimh" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8488">Connect with NIMH</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/get-involved/digital-shareables" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7521">Digital Shareables</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/get-involved/science-education" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10164">Science Education</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/get-involved/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8489">Upcoming Observances and Related Events</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/research" class="mobile-menu-top-level research-menu" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7518">Research</a>
<ul>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7518">Research Home</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/research/research-funded-by-nimh" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1992">Research Funded by NIMH</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/research/research-conducted-at-nimh" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1123">Research Conducted at NIMH (Intramural Research Program)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/funding" class="mobile-menu-top-level funding-menu" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1128">Funding</a>
<ul>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/funding" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1128">Funding Home</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/funding/opportunities-announcements" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1029">Opportunities &amp; Announcements</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/funding/funding-strategy-for-research-grants/strategy-for-research-grants" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1137">Strategy for Research Grants</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/funding/grant-writing-and-application-process" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1995">Grant Writing &amp; Approval Process</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/funding/managing-your-grant" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1140">Managing Grants</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/funding/clinical-research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1190">Clinical Research</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/funding/training" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2007">Research Training and Career Development Opportunities</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/funding/sbir" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1674">Small Business Research</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/news" class="mobile-menu-top-level news-menu" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2128">News &amp; Events</a>
<ul>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2128">News &amp; Events Home</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/news/science-updates" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4730">Science Updates</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/news/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1986">Meetings and Events</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/news/media" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5039">Multimedia</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/news/social-media" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1659">Social Media</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/news/press-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1653">Press Resources</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/news/email-updates" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2023">Email Updates</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/news/innovation-speaker-series" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7539">Innovation Speaker Series</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/about" class="mobile-menu-top-level about-menu" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7558">About Us</a>
<ul>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7558">About Us Home</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/about/director" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7459">About the Acting NIMH Director</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/about/advisory-boards-and-groups" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1964">Advisory Boards and Groups</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/about/strategic-planning-reports" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1959">Strategic Plan</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/about/organization" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1963">Offices and Divisions</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/about/budget" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1967">Budget</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/about/careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1960">Careers at NIMH</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/about/staff-directories" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2030">Staff Directories</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/about/nimh-history" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11838">History</a>
</li>
<li class="navmenu_link">
<a href="/about/connect-with-nimh" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7564">Getting to NIMH</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div> <div class="submenu">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<ul class="group navbar">
<li class="span navbarli"><a href="/news/science-updates" class="navbari topnav subroot">Science Updates</a></li>
<li class="span navbarli"><a href="/news/events" class="navbari topnav subroot">Meetings and Events</a></li>
<li class="span navbarli"><a href="/news/media" class="navbari topnav subroot">Multimedia</a></li>
<li class="span navbarli"><a href="/news/social-media" class="navbari topnav subroot">Social Media</a></li>
<li class="span navbarli"><a href="/news/press-resources" class="navbari topnav subroot">Press Resources</a></li>
<li class="span navbarli"><a href="/news/email-updates" class="navbari topnav subroot">Email Updates</a></li>
<li class="span navbarli"><a href="/news/innovation-speaker-series" class="navbari topnav subroot">Innovation Speaker Series</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>
</div>
<div id="wrapper" class="pt-3 pt-sm-3 pt-md-3 pt-lg-0">
<div class="container pt-5 pt-sm-5 pt-md-5 pt-lg-0">
<div class="row"><div class="col-md-12 hidden-xs"><div class="breadcrumbs"><nav id="breadcrumbs" class="breadcrumbs__nav" aria-label="breadcrumb links" data-dirids="2293 2764 3481"><a href="/" data-dirlevel="0">Home</a> &gt; <a href="/news" data-refid="2128" data-dirlevel="1" data-dirid="2293" >News & Events</a> &gt; <a href="/news/science-updates" data-refid="4730" data-dirlevel="2" data-dirid="2764" >Science Updates</a> &gt; <a href="/news/science-updates/2024" data-refid="11428" data-dirlevel="3" data-dirid="3481" >Science Updates from 2024</a> &gt; <span data-refid="11921" data-dirlevel="4" data-dirid="3481" data-isleaf="1">Researchers Investigate Potential Treatment for Eliminating HIV from the Brain</span></nav></div></div></div>
<div id="main_container">
<section class="share_links_wrap">
<div class="share_links_wrap_inner">
<h6 class="share_links_header">Share Page</h6>
<div class="share_links">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=1086499805165807&amp;display=popup&amp;href=https://www.nimh.nih.gov%2Fnews%2Fscience-updates%2F2024%2Fresearchers-investigate-potential-treatment-for-eliminating-hiv-from-the-brain&amp;redirect_uri=https://www.nimh.nih.gov%2Fnews%2Fscience-updates%2F2024%2Fresearchers-investigate-potential-treatment-for-eliminating-hiv-from-the-brain" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="external-disclaimer" aria-label="Share this page on Facebook"><span class="facebook-share"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i></span></a>
<a href="https://x.com/intent/post?url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov%2Fnews%2Fscience-updates%2F2024%2Fresearchers-investigate-potential-treatment-for-eliminating-hiv-from-the-brain&amp;text=Researchers%20Investigate%20Potential%20Treatment%20for%20Eliminating%20HIV%20from%20the%20Brain" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="external-disclaimer" aria-label="Share this page on X"><span class="twitter-share"><i class="fab fa-x-twitter"></i></span></a>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov%2Fnews%2Fscience-updates%2F2024%2Fresearchers-investigate-potential-treatment-for-eliminating-hiv-from-the-brain&amp;title=Researchers%20Investigate%20Potential%20Treatment%20for%20Eliminating%20HIV%20from%20the%20Brain" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="external-disclaimer" aria-label="Share this page on LinkedIn"><span class="linkedin-share"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin-in"></i></span></a>
<a href="mailto:?subject=I%20Saw%20This%20on%20www.nimh.nih.gov%20--%20Researchers%20Investigate%20Potential%20Treatment%20for%20Eliminating%20HIV%20from%20the%20Brain&amp;body=https://www.nimh.nih.gov%2Fnews%2Fscience-updates%2F2024%2Fresearchers-investigate-potential-treatment-for-eliminating-hiv-from-the-brain" aria-label="Share this page by email"><span class="email-share"><i class="fas fa-envelope"></i></span></a>
<button class="print_icon" aria-label="Open print helper modal"><i class="fas fa-print"></i></button>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div class="row">
<div class="flex_main_container col-md-12">
<div class="visible-xs sidebar-menu-helper">
<p class="leftnav_menu_toggle sb-toggle-left">Menu <i class="fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right"
aria-hidden="true"></i></p>
</div>
<aside class="layout-sidebar-first" role="complementary">
<section class="navblock areanav_child">
<h2 class="navblock__header">Contact(s)</h2>
<p class="navblock__text"><span class="vcard"><span
class="fn org">NIMH Press Office</span><br> <span class="tel">301-443-4536</span><br> <a
href="mailto:NIMHpress@nih.gov">NIMHpress@nih.gov</a></span></p>
<br>
<p><a href="/news/press-resources">Press Resources</a></p>
</section>
<section class="navblock areanav_child">
<h2 class="navblock__header">More Science Updates about</h2>
<ul class="navblock__list">
<li class="navblock__list__item link-container"><a href="/news/science-updates/hiv-aids"
class="single-link">HIV/AIDS</a></li>
<li class="navblock__list__item link-container"><a href="/news/science-updates/treatments"
class="single-link">Treatments</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
</aside>
<div id="main_content" class="areanav-true sidebar-false">
<main id="main-content">
<article id="main_content_inner">
<div id="block-nimhtheme-local-tasks"></div>
<div class="titleblock">
<h1 class="titleblock__title" id="title">Researchers Investigate Potential Treatment for Eliminating HIV from the Brain</h1>
</div>
<p class="pagestamp_news_wrap">
<time class="pagestamp_news_time" datetime="2024-12-20">December 20, 2024</time>
• <span class="pagestamp_news_type">Research Highlight</span></p>
<p>Despite decades of research and the availability of antiretroviral medications, HIV continues to pose a significant health challenge. While these medications can be used to eliminate the symptoms of HIV and prevent its spread to others, a cure has yet to be found.</p><p>One major challenge is that HIV can enter a dormant-like state, hiding in the body and evading treatments, only to reactivate later. HIV hiding in the brain is particularly difficult to access, as the blood-brain barrier—the protective membrane surrounding the brain—often prevents treatments from entering those tissues.</p><p>In a recent NIMH-funded study, researchers explored a potential solution by testing a drug called BLZ945 that targets a type of immune cell known as macrophages.</p><h2>How does the treatment work?</h2><p>Macrophages are a major way that HIV multiplies and spreads in the brain. HIV-infected macrophages can also persist in the brain during antiretroviral treatment, making them a source of long-lasting HIV infection. Because macrophages help spread and maintain HIV infection, targeting these cells could be a way to successfully eliminate HIV from the brain.</p><p>BLZ945 is a small molecule capable of entering into the brain. It stops the activity of a protein on the cell surface of macrophages called CSF1R, preventing them from multiplying and becoming active.</p><p>What did the researchers do in the study?</p><p>The researchers examined the effect of BLZ945 on <a href="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary/simian-immunodeficiency-virus-siv">simian immunodeficiency virus&nbsp;<i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a> (SIV)—a virus found in primates that is closely related to HIV. The study team, led by <a href="https://tnprc.tulane.edu/node/106977">Woong-Ki Kim, Ph.D.&nbsp;<i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a>, Associate Director for Research at the Tulane University National Primate Research Center, treated primates infected with SIV with a daily oral dose of either 10 or 30 mg/kg of BLZ945 for 20 to 30 days.</p><h2>What did the researchers find?</h2><p>The researchers found that macrophage levels in the brain declined after treatment with BLZ945, and this reduction was associated with a significant decline in brain-based SIV. These results confirm BLZ945 as a potential treatment for HIV by targeting macrophages. Importantly, treatment with BLZ945 did not significantly affect other immune cells in the brain that support brain health, such as microglia.</p><p>The researchers found that factors associated with antiviral immune response were increased in the brains of animals treated with BLZ495, suggesting the drug may help activate the immune system to target and eliminate SIV. The researchers also found evidence of reduced neuroinflammation in treated animals. The medication did not impact SIV levels in the blood or plasma, where macrophages dont contribute as much to the production of the virus, suggesting this treatment specifically targets the brain.</p><p>CSF1R inhibitors, like BLZ945, can sometimes cause liver damage. However, the researchers found no evidence of this in animals treated with either dose during the study, suggesting the medication is safe when given at therapeutic levels.</p><h2>What do the results mean?</h2><p>The results suggest that using medications like BLZ945 to target macrophages—a major source of the spread and replication of HIV in the brain—may be a promising strategy for removing infection from these tissues. BLZ945 is currently being tested in human clinical trials for solid tumors, providing a roadmap for studying the effectiveness and safety of this drug for treating HIV in humans. This research represents a step forward in the ongoing battle against HIV, providing hope for a future where the virus can be eliminated from the brain.</p><h2>Reference</h2><p>Bohannon, D. G., Zablocki-Thomas, L. D., Leung, E. S., Dupont, J. K., Hattler, J. B., Kowalewska, J., Zhao, M., Luo, J., Salemi, M., Amedee, A. M., Li, Q., Kuroda, M. J., &amp; Kim, W. K. (2024). CSF1R inhibition depletes brain macrophages and reduces brain virus burden in SIV-infected macaques. <em>Brain: A Journal of Neurology</em>, <em>147</em>(9), 30593069. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awae153">https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awae153&nbsp;<i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></p><h2>Grants</h2><ul><li><a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/search/7FzJkdennUiH_0tCrKAG8Q/project-details/9284831">NIMH grant MH107333&nbsp;<i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/search/nYaA5Cxej0SLLhtCRUJ3qw/project-details/10405537">NIMH grant MH118139&nbsp;<i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/search/ggwIpqsmdkeJAy0lTmTFFg/project-details/10449374">NINDS grant NS126091&nbsp;<i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/search/ppHJaB7bx0u5x2c2xoNrgQ/projects">NIH Office of the Director grant OD011104&nbsp;<i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/search/R2mFnkZw_k2F0YkkPFIi0A/projects">NIH Office of the Director grant OD011107&nbsp;<i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></li></ul>
</article>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer id="footer-contact">
<div class="footer-container container">
<div>
<div id="block-contactusfooter" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentc7a9e7bc-56ff-41ac-8678-60f3a9a54eeb">
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>NIMH Information Resource Center</h2><div><span class="small">Available in English and español</span></div><div class="row"><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"><p class="phone"><em><i class="fas fa-phone" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</i></em> <strong>Phone:&nbsp;</strong> <a href="tel:1-866-615-6464">1-866-615-6464</a>&nbsp;<br><em><i class="far fa-comments" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</i></em> <strong>Live Online Chat:&nbsp;</strong> <a href="https://infocenter.nimh.nih.gov">Talk to a representative</a>&nbsp;<br><em><i class="far fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</i></em> <strong>Email:&nbsp;</strong> <a href="mailto:nimhinfo@nih.gov">nimhinfo@nih.gov</a>&nbsp;<br><em><i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</i></em><strong>Hours:</strong> 8:30 a.m. 5 p.m. ET, M-F</p></div><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"><p><strong>Mail:&nbsp;</strong> National Institute of Mental Health&nbsp;<br>Office of Science Policy, Planning, and Communications&nbsp;<br>6001 Executive Boulevard, MSC 9663&nbsp;<br>Bethesda, MD 20892-9663</p></div></div></div>
</div>
<div id="block-nimhtheme-linkdisclaimer" class="block block-block-content block-block-content43e6eaa7-a06a-4a06-9eff-b06d3dded90d">
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div id="footer-disclaimer"><h2>Disclaimer</h2><p>We link to external websites for informational purposes only, but we do not endorse or guarantee their accuracy. Once you leave our site, you will be subject to the new websites privacy policy. Read NIMHs <a href="/site-info/policies#part_2717"><u>full external linking policy</u></a> for more information.</p></div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<footer id="footer-social">
<div class="footer-container container">
<div>
<div id="block-followusfooter" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentcafb1a66-d0fb-4772-b5c2-5c7d0773f849">
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-8 col-md-7 col-sm-12 followus"><h3>Follow Us</h3><p><a class="external-disclaimer" href="https://www.instagram.com/nimhgov/" title="NIMH Instagram" rel="external"><span class="hidden">Instagram</span><em><i class="fab fa-instagram" style="background:#005395;" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</i></em></a> <a class="external-disclaimer" href="https://www.facebook.com/nimhgov" title="NIMH Facebook" rel="external"><span class="hidden">Facebook</span><em><i class="fab fa-facebook-f" style="background:#005395;" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</i></em></a> <a class="external-disclaimer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-institute-of-mental-health-nimh" title="NIMH LinkedIn" rel="external"><span class="hidden">Linkedin</span><em><i class="fab fa-linkedin-in" style="background:#005395;" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</i></em></a><a class="external-disclaimer" href="https://twitter.com/nimhgov" title="NIMH Twitter" rel="external"><span class="hidden">Twitter</span><em><i class="fab fa-x-twitter" style="background:#005395;" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</i></em></a> <a class="external-disclaimer" href="https://www.youtube.com/nimhgov" title="NIMH YouTube" rel="external"><span class="hidden">YouTube</span><em><i class="fab fa-youtube" style="background:#005395;" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</i></em></a><a href="/news/email-updates" title="NIMH Newsletters" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="72c6d25b-a844-48b0-be68-5c85cf5df771" data-entity-substitution="canonical">&nbsp;<em><i class="far fa-file-alt" style="background:#005395;" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</i></em></a><a href="/news/web-channels" title="NIMH News Feeds" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="26a1cafd-738b-443d-920f-c491f872d6d9" data-entity-substitution="canonical">&nbsp;<em><i class="fas fa-rss" style="background:#005395;" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</i></em></a></p></div><div class="col-lg-4 col-md-5 col-sm-12"><h3 class="mb-0">Subscribe to NIMH Email Updates</h3><form class="subscribe-in-banner" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIMH/subscribers/qualify" method="get" name="Subscribe"><p><label><span class="hidden">Type email address...</span> <input class="subscribe_box" aria-label="Type email address..." name="email" placeholder="Type email address..." size="30" type="text"> </label><input type="submit" value="Subscribe"> &nbsp;</p></form></div></div><style>
.followus p a {
margin: .1rem;
}
.followus i.fab:hover, .followus i.far:hover, .followus i.fas:hover{
background-color: #00335e !important;
}
</style></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<footer id="footer-siteInfo">
<div class="footer-container container">
<div>
<div id="block-siteinfofooter" class="block block-block-content block-block-content7adf2027-35bd-4389-9dd4-330dcc3d17c4">
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="row" id="block-footer"><div class="col-xl-4 col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12"><h5>NIMH Resources</h5><p><a href="/health/topics" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f7e048e4-f68f-4b7f-afb8-6fb95336f6b3" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Health Topics</a>&nbsp;<br><a href="/health/publications" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3a6321c0-9c96-45b6-8d5c-5f4eab17632b" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Brochures and Fact Sheets</a>&nbsp;<br><a href="/site-info/contact-nimh" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3b82dd34-6040-4763-a9ff-db0c3d5b6a38" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Contact Us</a>&nbsp;<br><a href="/health/topics/espanol" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d6df42f3-6876-496e-918c-cc34cc7681f7" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Información en español</a></p></div><div class="col-xl-4 col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12"><h5>Policies and Notices</h5><p><a href="/site-info/privacy-policy" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f9084068-f15e-4322-b69b-eb250f301bf4" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Privacy Policy</a>&nbsp;<br><a href="/site-info/policies" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e7a9f3b0-b458-4dcd-84aa-2c373b217d3f" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Website Policies</a>&nbsp;<br><a href="http://www.nih.gov/icd/od/foia/index.htm" rel="external">FOIA <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>&nbsp;<br><a href="/site-info/accessibility" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="35acaa5a-b4a3-4061-b0b9-018d0e02b011" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Accessibility</a>&nbsp;<br><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" rel="external">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></p></div><div class="col-xl-4 col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12"><h5>Federal Resources</h5><p><a href="http://www.nih.gov/" rel="external">National Institutes of Health (NIH) <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>&nbsp;<br><a href="https://www.nih.gov/virtual-tour/" rel="external">NIH Virtual Tour <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>&nbsp;<br><a href="https://www.hhs.gov" rel="external">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>&nbsp;<br><a href="http://www.usa.gov/" rel="external">USA.gov <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></p></div></div><p class="institute_boilerplate">The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is part of NIH, a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.</p></div>
</div>
<div id="block-backtotop" class="block block-block-content block-block-content2fd64a46-6d78-4c08-8260-bf3aad9aa46d">
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="hidden-sm hidden-xs" id="backtotop"><a href="#skipnav"><span class="bt-img">&nbsp;</span><span>Top</span></a>
</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_Ar12EQc0ItFgOVOiA7ch7vfF-NWs4pUi1kGBcM1-7rw.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nimhtheme&amp;include=eJzLy8zNKMlIzU3VT8vPK0ksTy3Oz02NN9PJg4un5-QnJeboFicXZRaUFAMA0TwS7A"></script>
<script src="//kit.fontawesome.com/1ea3372bd6.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_uIBU-5fuvQZZvnNDo5BMVNRXUN7VE0SzzMMTrzW1miA.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nimhtheme&amp;include=eJzLy8zNKMlIzU3VT8vPK0ksTy3Oz02NN9PJg4un5-QnJeboFicXZRaUFAMA0TwS7A"></script>
</body>
</html>