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<p>The Division of Intramural Research Programs (IRP) is the internal research division of the NIMH. Over 40 research groups conduct basic neuroscience research and clinical investigations of mental illnesses, brain function, and behavior at the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland. Learn more about research conducted at NIMH.</p>
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<p>Learn about NIMH priority areas for research and funding that have the potential to improve mental health care over the short, medium, and long term.</p>
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<a class="pagenav_item_text nav_item_text single-link" href="#part_2615">Prevalence of Personality Disorders in Adults</a>
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<a class="pagenav_item_text nav_item_text single-link" href="#part_2616">Co-morbidity with Other Mental Disorders in Adults</a>
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<a class="pagenav_item_text nav_item_text single-link" href="#part_2617">Treatment for Personality Disorders in Adults</a>
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<a class="pagenav_item_text nav_item_text single-link" href="#part_2618">Data Sources</a>
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<h1 class="splashBanner__title" >Personality Disorders </h1>
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<section class="box_section" data-nid="2614" data-cms-title="Definitions" data-cms-anchor="1">
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<h2 id="part_2614">Definitions</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Personality disorders</strong> represent “an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture” per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual on Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition <span>(DSM-5)</span>. These patterns tend to be fixed and consistent across situations and leads to distress or impairment. Additional data on borderline personality disorder is included on this page.</li>
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<li><strong>Borderline personality disorder</strong> is a serious mental disorder marked by a pattern of instability in moods, behavior, self-image, and functioning. These experiences often result in impulsive actions and unstable relationships. A person with borderline personality disorder may experience intense episodes of anger, depression, and anxiety that may last from only a few hours to days. Additional information about borderline personality disorder can be found on the <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="64a29d94-b835-455a-8a93-d64e1f082b79" href="/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder">NIMH Health Topics page on Borderline Personality Disorder</a>.</li>
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<section class="box_section" data-nid="2615" data-cms-title="Prevalence of Personality Disorders in Adults" data-cms-anchor="1">
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<h2 id="part_2615">Prevalence of Personality Disorders in Adults</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Based on diagnostic interview data from the National Comorbidity Study Replication (NCS-R), Figure 1 shows the past year prevalence of U.S. adults aged 18 and older with personality disorders.<sup>1</sup>
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<ul>
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<li>The prevalence of any personality disorder was 9.1% and borderline personality disorder was 1.4%.</li>
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<li>Sex and race were not found to be associated with the prevalence of personality disorders.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Figure 1</h4>
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<caption class="chartTable__caption">Past Year Prevalence of Personality Disorders Among Adults (2001-2003)</caption>
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<tr>
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<th class="chartTable__cell" data-cms-chart-color="1" scope="row">Any Personality Disorder</th>
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<td class="chartTable__cell">9.1</td>
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<tr>
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<th class="chartTable__cell" data-cms-chart-color="3" scope="row">Borderline Personality Disorder</th>
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<td class="chartTable__cell">1.4</td>
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<section class="box_section" data-nid="2616" data-cms-title="Co-morbidity with Other Mental Disorders in Adults" data-cms-anchor="1">
|
||
<h2 id="part_2616">Co-morbidity with Other Mental Disorders in Adults</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Based on diagnostic interview data from the NCS-R, Table 1 shows the past year co-morbidity of personality disorders with core mental disorders in DSM-IV.<sup>1</sup></li>
|
||
<li>A large proportion of people with past year personality disorders <span>also had one or more other mental disorder(s) (84.5%).<sup>1 </sup></span></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<h4>Table 1</h4>
|
||
|
||
<div class="chart chart--table">
|
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<ul class="chart__dropdown-nav">
|
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<li class="chart__menu-toggle"><i class="fas fa-bars"> </i></li>
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<li class="chart__png">Download PNG image</li>
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<li class="chart__pdf">Download PDF document</li>
|
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</ul>
|
||
|
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<table>
|
||
<caption class="chartFeatureTable__caption">Past Year Co-morbidity of Personality Disorders with Other Core Disorders<br>
|
||
Among U.S. Adults<br>
|
||
Data from National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) <sup>1</sup></caption>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col"></th>
|
||
<th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">Any Personality Disorder (%)</th>
|
||
<th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">Borderline Personality Disorder (%)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">Any Anxiety Disorder</th>
|
||
<td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">52.4</td>
|
||
<td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">60.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">Any Mood Disorder</th>
|
||
<td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">24.1</td>
|
||
<td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">34.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">Any Impulse Control Disorder</th>
|
||
<td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">23.2</td>
|
||
<td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">49.0</td>
|
||
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|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">Any Substance Use Disorder</th>
|
||
<td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">22.6</td>
|
||
<td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">38.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">Any Disorder</th>
|
||
<td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">67.0</td>
|
||
<td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">84.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
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||
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||
</section>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<section class="box_section" data-nid="2617" data-cms-title="Treatment for Personality Disorders in Adults" data-cms-anchor="1">
|
||
<h2 id="part_2617">Treatment for Personality Disorders in Adults</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Based on diagnostic interview data from the NCS-R, Table 2 shows the past year treatment of personality disorders among U.S. adults 18 and older.<sup>1</sup></li>
|
||
<li>Over a third (39.0%) of respondents with any personality disorder and 42.4% of respondents with borderline personality disorder reported receiving mental health treatment at some time in the past 12 months.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<h4>Table 2</h4>
|
||
|
||
<div class="chart chart--table">
|
||
<ul class="chart__dropdown-nav">
|
||
<li class="chart__menu-toggle"><i class="fas fa-bars"> </i></li>
|
||
<li class="chart__png">Download PNG image</li>
|
||
<li class="chart__pdf">Download PDF document</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<table>
|
||
<caption class="chartFeatureTable__caption">Past Year Treatment of Personality Disorders Among U.S. Adults<br>
|
||
Data from National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) <sup>1</sup></caption>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading"></th>
|
||
<th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">Any Personality Disorder (%)</th>
|
||
<th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">Borderline Personality Disorder (%)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">Received Any Treatment</th>
|
||
<td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">39.0</td>
|
||
<td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">42.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<section class="box_section" data-nid="2618" data-cms-title="Data Sources" data-cms-anchor="1">
|
||
<h2 id="part_2618">Data Sources</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div data-cms-id="155513" data-cms-role="reference-block">
|
||
<h3>References
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<ol class="references__list">
|
||
<li data-cms-ref-pmid="17217923" id="ref_155513_17217923">Lenzenweger MF, Lane MC, Loranger AW, Kessler RC. DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. <i>Biol Psychiatry.</i> 2007 Sep 15;62(6):553-64. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17217923/" rel="external">PMID: 17217923 <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3>Statistical Methods and Measurement Caveats
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<h4>National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p>Diagnostic Assessment and Population:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>The NCS-R is a nationally representative, face-to-face, household survey conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 with a response rate of 70.9%. DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed using a modified version of the fully structured World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured lay-administered diagnostic interview that generates both International Classification of Diseases, 10<sup>th</sup> Revision, and DSM-IV diagnoses. The DSM-IV criteria were used here. Participants for the main interview totaled 9,282 English-speaking, non-institutionalized, civilian respondents. Any personality disorder and borderline personality disorder were assessed using screening questions from the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) in the full NCS-R sample of 5,692 adults, aged 18 and older. The NCS-R was led by Harvard University.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Survey Non-response:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>In 2001-2002, non-response was 29.1% of primary respondents and 19.6% of secondary respondents.</li>
|
||
<li>Reasons for non-response to interviewing include: refusal to participate (7.3% of primary, 6.3% of secondary); respondent was reluctant- too busy but did not refuse (17.7% of primary, 11.6% of secondary); circumstantial, such as intellectual developmental disability or overseas work assignment (2.0% of primary, 1.7% of secondary); and household units that were never contacted (2.0%).</li>
|
||
<li>For more information, see <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297905" rel="external">PMID: 15297905 <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
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</section>
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