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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2011-09-26T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">September 26, 2011</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Gene Linked to Optimism and Self-Esteem</h1><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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</div><p>Why can some people make it through difficult times with little trouble while others crumble under the same circumstances? A new study suggests that the answer lies — at least in part — in your genes.</p>
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<p>Scientists have long known that people with certain psychological traits, or resources, can fare better in challenging situations. Three of the most widely studied psychological resources — optimism, self-esteem and mastery (the feeling that you can master your environment and achieve what you want) — are good predictors of a person’s physical and psychological health. These 3 resources have been shown to help people weather stressful events and beat back depression. Because these psychological resources tend to run in families, scientists had suspected a genetic component.</p>
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<p>Earlier studies found evidence that particular variants, or alleles, of the <em>OXTR</em> gene might be linked to stress-related traits and other psychological characteristics. <em>OXTR </em>codes for the receptor for oxytocin, a hormone that contributes to positive emotion and social bonding.</p>
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<p>Dr. Shelley E. Taylor and Shimon Saphire-Bernstein of the University of California, Los Angeles, and their colleagues set out to determine if these<em> OXTR </em>alleles might also contribute to optimism, mastery and self esteem. The scientists asked 326 volunteers to complete questionnaires that measured the 3 psychological resources and also assessed depressive symptoms. The researchers analyzed the DNA from the participants’ saliva to find variations in the <em>OXTR </em>gene. The study was funded by NIH’s National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the National Science Foundation.</p>
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<p>As reported on September 13, 2011, in the <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, </em>the researchers found that people who had 1 or 2 copies of the<em> OXTR </em>gene with an “A” (adenine) allele at a particular location tended to have more negative measurements than those with 2 copies of the “G” (guanine) allele. People with an A allele were less optimistic, had lower self-esteem and felt less personal mastery than people with 2 G alleles. In addition, the A allele was linked to higher levels of depressive symptoms. Follow-up analyses suggested that the effects of <em>OXTR</em> variants on depression are largely mediated by the gene’s influence on psychological resources.</p>
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<p>The scientists say their findings are the first to link <em>OXTR </em>directly to specific psychological resources. But the gene itself is far from the only factor influencing these traits.</p>
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<p>"Some people think genes are destiny, that if you have a specific gene, then you will have a particular outcome. That is definitely not the case," says Taylor. “This gene is one factor that influences psychological resources and depression, but there is plenty of room for environmental factors as well.”</p>
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<p>The researchers are now planning studies to search for additional genes that might work with <em>OXTR</em> to affect behavior and responses to stress.</p>
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<p>— by Vicki Contie</p>
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</div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2007/January/docs/01features_01.htm" target="_top">Stressed Out? Stress Affects both Body and Mind</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2007/February/docs/01features_01.htm" target="_top">The Power of Love: Hugs and Cuddles Have Long-Term Effects</a></li></ul>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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