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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2020-06-02T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">June 2, 2020</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Scientists find new pain-suppression center in the brain</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<li>Scientists identified a group of neurons in mice that blunt pain by dampening the activity of multiple pain-processing regions of the brain.</li>
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<li>The neurons could be promising targets for new non-addictive therapies for chronic pain.</li>
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<picture title="Pain suppression neurons in mouse brain.">
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2020/20200601-neural-projections.jpg?itok=riKhA1c9&timestamp=1591032147 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2020/20200601-neural-projections.jpg?itok=WMdjTVTR&timestamp=1591032147 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2020/20200601-neural-projections.jpg?itok=_xvEIyFt&timestamp=1591032147 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2020/20200601-neural-projections.jpg?itok=v3pVFHem&timestamp=1591032147 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2020/20200601-neural-projections.jpg?itok=zcvsg8Xj&timestamp=1591032147 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2020/20200601-neural-projections.jpg?itok=WMdjTVTR&timestamp=1591032147" alt="Pain suppression neurons in mouse brain." title="Pain suppression neurons in mouse brain." />
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</picture><span class="caption">Scientists found a group of neurons that blunt pain by sending out projections (green) that suppress activity in multiple pain-processing centers in the mouse brain. </span><span class="credit">Dr. Thuy Hua, Duke University</span></div>
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</div><p>More than 50 million Americans suffer from chronic pain, and many are prescribed opioid medications as treatment. But the benefits of long-term opioid treatment for chronic pain are unclear, and patients risk developing drug tolerance (needing higher doses) and hyperalgesia (increased pain sensitivity). Use of these medications may also lead to dependence or even addiction. Scientists are searching for more effective, non-addictive treatments for chronic pain.</p>
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<p>Toward this goal, a research team led by Dr. Fan Wang of Duke University set out to find brain regions in mice that might be new targets for non-opioid pain interventions. The research was funded in part by NIH’s National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) as part of NIH’s Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) Initiative. Results appeared on May 18, 2020, in <em>Nature Neuroscience</em>.</p>
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<p>Wang took a counterintuitive approach to find a pain-relief center. Most previous studies focused on finding regions that are activated by pain. Instead, Wang’s team looked for regions that are activated by surgical anesthetics such as ketamine and isoflurane, which block pain and promote aspects of sleep. In an earlier study, they had found that anesthetics turn on a sleep-related brain region to promote loss-of-consciousness in mice. The researchers asked whether anesthetics may similarly switch on neurons that blunt pain.</p>
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<p>The researchers used fluorescent markers to label cells that were turned on after mice were exposed to anesthetics. This search turned up a group of neurons in the central region of the brain’s amygdala. Because the amygdala is known to be activated by pain and plays a key role in processing fear, it’s an unexpected area for an anti-pain center.</p>
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||
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||
<p>The scientists used a technology called optogenetics to manipulate the central amygdala neurons in healthy, awake mice. Activating these neurons suppressed the rodents’ responses to painful stimuli. Silencing the neurons caused mice to react to non-painful touch as if it was painful. This hypersensitivity, called allodynia, is common in chronic neuropathic pain conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia, which affects the face and arises from nerve injury. When the scientists turned on the central amygdala neurons in mouse models of facial neuropathic pain, allodynia was markedly reduced.</p>
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||
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||
<p>Next, the researchers traced the neurons’ connections to other parts of the brain. They found that the neurons sent projections to more than 20 other brain regions involved in processing sensory and emotional aspects of pain. Optogenetically turning on the central amygdala neurons blunted the pain-related activity of neurons in many of those areas.</p>
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||
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<p>“This central amygdala node appears to be suppressing pain by sending inhibitory signals to widespread pain-processing areas of the brain,” Wang says. “Our work raises the possibility that tapping into the power of this internal analgesic system could be an effective alternative to opioids for relieving chronic pain.”</p>
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<p>—by Catherine Evans, Ph.D.</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-opioid-drugs-activate-receptors" target="_top">How Opioid Drugs Activate Receptors</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/news-events/nidcr-news/facing-pain-headon" target="_top">Facing Pain Head-On</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/news-events/new-view-nerve-pain" target="_top">A New View of Nerve Pain</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/10/managing-pain" target="_top">Managing Pain: Moving Beyond Opioids</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/pain" target="_top">Pain</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32424286/?from_term=Hua+T&from_cauthor_id=32424286&from_pos=1">General anesthetics activate a potent central pain-suppression circuit in the amygdala.</a> Hua T, Chen B, Lu D, Sakurai K, Zhao S, Han BX, Kim J, Yin L, Chen Y, Lu J, Wang F. <em>Nat Neurosci</em>. 2020 May 18. doi: 10.1038/s41593-020-0632-8. Online ahead of print. PMID: 32424286.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); National Science Foundation, Holland-Trice Scholar award; and W.M. Keck Foundation.</p>
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<div about="/block/research-matters---popular-stori" class="ds-1col entity entity-bean bean-research-matters-block view-mode-default clearfix">
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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||
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||
<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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</div>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<div about="/block/research-matters---about" class="ds-1col entity entity-bean bean-research-matters-block view-mode-default clearfix">
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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