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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2019-06-18T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">June 18, 2019</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Asthma cases dropped when air pollution declined</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Decreases in outdoor air pollutants over a 21-year period in Southern California were associated with 20% fewer asthma diagnoses in children.</li>
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<li>The results support the idea that cleaner air can reduce the number of new asthma cases.</li>
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<picture title="Group of children running over playground grass">
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190618-asthma.jpg?itok=zSy0qdyx&timestamp=1560782817 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190618-asthma.jpg?itok=_cO9JL8B&timestamp=1560782817 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190618-asthma.jpg?itok=LhVOuX6Z&timestamp=1560782817 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190618-asthma.jpg?itok=x4cLFx_l&timestamp=1560782817 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190618-asthma.jpg?itok=PBkPR18h&timestamp=1560782817 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190618-asthma.jpg?itok=_cO9JL8B&timestamp=1560782817" alt="Group of children running over playground grass" title="Group of children running over playground grass" />
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</picture><span class="caption">The study found that cases of childhood asthma dropped as outdoor air became cleaner. </span><span class="credit">bowdenimages / iStock / Getty Images Plus</span></div>
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</div><p>Decreases in air pollution levels are known to reduce the number of asthma attacks experienced by children who have the disease. But whether pollution influences how many children are newly diagnosed with asthma has been less clear.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>Researchers from the University of Southern California led by Dr. Erika Garcia used data from the Southern California Children’s Health Study to better understand this relationship. The study has collected health information from children in 16 diverse communities in Southern California for over 25 years.</p>
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||
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||
<p>The researchers followed large groups of children living in nine of these communities over three time periods from fourth grade through the end of high school: from 1993-2001, from 1996 to 2004, and from 2006 to 2014.</p>
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||
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||
<p>Air pollution declined steadily in the U.S. during the study period. Air pollutant monitoring stations tracked these changes over time in each of the participating communities. The stations have continuously measured air pollution since the start of the study.</p>
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||
<p>The researchers used air pollutant measurements from the first year of each time period as a benchmark for the overall air quality each group experienced. They then compared new diagnoses of asthma between the three groups. The study was funded in part by NIH’s National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Results were published on May 21, 2019, in <em>JAMA</em>.</p>
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||
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<p>Air pollution declined overall in the communities during the study. Those communities that started out with more pollution experienced larger decreases.</p>
|
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||
<p>Out of more than 4,000 children included in the study, about 500 developed asthma. Reductions in two of the pollutants measured—nitrogen dioxide and a type of fine particle called PM<sub>2.5</sub>—were associated with reductions in new asthma diagnoses over the course of the study.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>These reductions in nitrogen dioxide and PM<sub>2.5</sub> over two decades were associated with an approximately 20% reduced risk of asthma development. This was true regardless of children’s sex, ethnicity, race, exposure to tobacco smoke in the home, and other factors that can influence the development of asthma.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>“This is encouraging news as it shows the number of new cases of asthma in children can be reduced through improvements in air quality,” says Dr. Kiros Berhane, one of the study’s authors.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>This study doesn’t prove that these specific compounds are responsible for cases of asthma. They may be markers for the general mixture of traffic-related air pollution. But the findings add to growing evidence showing the health benefits of cleaner air.</p>
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<p>—Sharon Reynolds</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cleaner-air-tied-healthier-lungs-kids" target="_top">Cleaner Air Tied to Healthier Lungs in Kids</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/air-pollution-linked-risk-premature-death" target="_top">Air Pollution Linked to Risk of Premature Death</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cleaner-air-may-lengthen-life" target="_top">Cleaner Air May Lengthen Life</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/controlling-childhood-asthma" target="_top">Controlling Childhood Asthma</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/09/breathe-easier" target="_top">Breathe Easier</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/asthma" target="_top">Asthma (NHLBI)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/asthma/index.cfm" target="_top">Asthma (NIEHS)</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31112259">Association of Changes in Air Quality With Incident Asthma in Children in California, 1993-2014.</a> Garcia E, Berhane KT, Islam T, McConnell R, Urman R, Chen Z, Gilliland FD. <em>JAMA</em>. 2019 May 21;321(19):1906-1915. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.5357. PMID: 31112259.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Hastings Foundation.</p>
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<div about="/block/research-matters---popular-stori" class="ds-1col entity entity-bean bean-research-matters-block view-mode-default clearfix">
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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||
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||
<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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</div>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<div about="/block/research-matters---about" class="ds-1col entity entity-bean bean-research-matters-block view-mode-default clearfix">
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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